纳米TiN改性金属陶瓷刀具的磨损性能

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷由于具有优良的综合性能因而被广泛用作刀具材料。本文探讨了纳米 Ti N对 Ti C基金属陶瓷刀具显微组织的影响 ;还研究了它与 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具 (cermetμm,下同 )及 YG8刀具在切削灰铸铁时的磨损曲线及磨损机理。结果表明 ,纳米 Ti N改性 Ti C基金属陶瓷刀具 (cerm etnm,下同 )的效果显著 ;与 cermetμm刀具及 YG8刀具相比 ,cermetnm刀具具有更高的寿命与耐磨性 ;崩刃是 cermetnm刀具主要的失效形式     

Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的高速切削性能与磨损机理

使用不同C与N摩尔比的Ti（C, N）固溶体粉末作为基体材料,采用真空烧结工艺研制两种Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀片试样,并考察两种刀片试样和日本住友T1200A在不同的切削速度下干式车削20CrMn工件的切削性能。利用扫描电子显微镜分析刀具前、后刀面的磨损形态和显微结构,阐述Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具高速切削磨损机理。结果表明：高速切削时Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的主要磨损形式是粘结、氧化和扩散磨损;减小Ti（C, N）固溶体中C与N的比值可改善Ti（C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具的耐磨性。     

第二相碳化物对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷具有优异的高温硬度和耐磨性、低摩擦系数、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,但是断裂强度差和冲击韧性不足是其致命的缺点。在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中添加第二相碳化物是提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷强韧性的一种重要途径,本文根据不同种类的第二相碳化物在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中的作用对其进行分类和归纳,从而得出第二相碳化物对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的作用主要有改善粘结相对硬质相的润湿性、抑制晶粒长大以及改善机械性能。     

陶瓷相原始粉末粒度对Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷和纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷试样和刀具。研究了陶瓷相粉末粒度对Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷显微组织、力学性能及其刀具耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明,超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷和纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷的硬质相均具有黑芯/灰壳和白芯/灰壳两种显微结构。超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷中白芯/灰壳结构硬质相晶粒较多,而纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷中硬质相晶粒主要为黑芯/灰壳结构。与超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷相比,纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷具有较高的抗弯强度和断裂韧度以及较低的硬度和孔隙度。纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具具有较长的使用寿命,约为超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具使用寿命的2．3倍。     

金属陶瓷刀具切削淬火钢的磨损机理研究

利用真空烧结工艺制备了纳米复合TI(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片.进行淬火态45#钢的单因素切削试验,并利用SEM,EPMA对金属陶瓷刀具的磨损失效机理进行了研究.结果表明纳米复合TI(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片在切削淬火态45#钢时表现出较高的耐磨性和切削性能,其主要的磨损失效机理是压应力下的挤压变形和粘附磨损,同时伴随一定的氧化磨损和扩散磨损.     

金属陶瓷刀具切削铸铁的磨损机理研究

利用真空烧结工艺制备了纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片。进行铸铁的单因素切削试验,并利用SEM、EPMA对金属陶瓷刀具的磨损失效机理进行了详细的研究。结果表明:纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片只适宜小切削用量下铸铁的切削加工,切削铸铁时主要以磨损的形式失效,其主要的磨损失效机理是冲击磨损和崩碎切屑的研磨。     

渗硼对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并用固体渗硼法对其进行了渗硼处理。研究了渗硼后金属陶瓷的微观组织和力学性能以及渗硼对切削性能的影响。结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的渗硼层组织由硼化物层、扩散层和基体区组成。渗硼使金属陶瓷的表面硬度提高,抗弯强度降低。渗硼使金属陶瓷刀具在切削速度为200 m/min时的使用寿命提高约1倍;在300 m/min切削速度下,渗硼对延长金属陶瓷刀具的使用寿命没有明显作用;切削速度增至400 m/min时,渗硼使金属陶瓷刀具的使用寿命变短。强烈的热冲击是导致高速切削条件下渗硼层耐磨性降低的主要原因。渗硼层有效地减轻了金属陶瓷刀具表面发生的粘结,并抑制了刀具的扩散磨损和氧化磨损。     

氮含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与磨粒磨损行为的影响

采用真空烧结方法制备了4种氮含量的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测试了试样的抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性等力学性能,用扫描电镜、能谱仪等研究了N含量对其显微组织及磨粒磨损行为的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内随N含量的增加,硬质相芯部逐渐细化且分布均匀,环形相厚度变薄、体积分数减小;磨粒磨损形貌中犁沟所占的比例减少,微观脆性断裂形成的凹坑增加,耐磨粒磨损性能逐渐提高。随N含量增加,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,断裂韧度逐渐递减,硬度变化不大。当N含量为3.6%时(文中含量均为质量分数),Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为1 873 MPa,硬度为89.9 HRA,断裂韧度为20.7 MPa.m1/2。     

电火花沉积Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层的组织及性能研究

目的提高H13模具钢的表面耐磨性,探索金属陶瓷涂层的应用。方法分别用Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷棒和纯镍棒作为电极,氩气为保护气体,在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层。使用X射线衍射仪对涂层的相组成进行了分析,并用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪观察涂层的微观结构和元素分布情况,采用显微硬度计和CSM球盘式摩擦计对涂层的显微硬度和不同载荷下的耐磨性进行测试。结果涂层表面为单脉冲沉积斑点堆积而成的溅射状形貌,Fe和Ti元素整体上呈现出分区富集的特征,强化层主要物相包括TiC(0.7)N(0.3)、Ni(17)W3、Ni-Cr-Co-Mo和Fe3Ni2。涂层截面组织均匀,缺陷较少,厚度约为31μm,Fe、Ti和Ni元素均在界面处发生扩散,形成了良好的冶金结合,过渡层与基体相互混合,呈现出机械式的咬合结构。涂层的显微硬度实测最高值达1420HV,约为基体的5.4倍。涂层具有比基体更低的摩擦系数,且30 min内的磨损质量损失仅为基体的1/2,涂层磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。结论在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备的Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层可提高其表面的硬度、耐磨性,且具有一定减摩性,可以起到延长模具寿命的作用。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷增韧研究进展

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为一种新型工具材料,具有优良的耐磨性、高温红硬性、优良的化学稳定性以及金属间极低的摩擦系数的优点,同时全球钛储量是钨储量的1 000倍左右,是极佳的WC-Co硬质合金替代材料。但相比于HW类硬质合金,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的强韧性低,如何提升其强韧性是开发高性能Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的技术瓶颈之一,也一直是全世界范围的一个研究热点。本文基于相转变法、显微裂纹法、裂纹偏转法、拔出法、裂纹桥接法、残余压力屏蔽效应等增韧手段,系统地综述了国内外Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷增韧方面的研究进展,分析了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷增韧面临的问题并展望了未来金属陶瓷增韧的研究方向,以期为开发强韧性高、性能稳定的新型Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料提供参考。     

Wear behaviour of an FeAl intermetallic alloy containing carbon and titanium

FeAl based alloys with carbon and titanium additions were prepared using arc induction melting and their effect on wear behaviour was investigated using ball-on-disk technique. The experimental results showed that carbon addition to FeAl alloys results in formation of perovskite-type Fe₃AlC_0.5 carbide phase and graphite. Addition of Ti promotes the formation of TiC and Fe₃AlC_0.5 and prevents the formation of graphite in the alloy. Hardness and wear resistance of FeAl based alloys increase with increase in the volume fraction of carbides. The FeAl alloys containing Ti exhibited low wear rate and coefficient of friction. Examination of wear tracks revealed micro ploughing at a lower load of 5N. Thin surface flakes with traces of their detachment were observed at a higher load of 10N. It was also observed that presence of graphite in localized regions reduce the wear resistance of the alloy. The results are correlated with observed microstructure and hardness.     

Effects of TiB2+TiC content on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni55-based composite coatings produced by plasma cladding

TiB₂-TiC reinforced Ni55 matrix composite coatings were in-situ fabricated via plasma cladding on steels using Ti, B₄C, and Ni55 as precursor materials at different proportions. Effects of TiB₂+TiC content of ceramics phase on the microstructure and wear resistance were studied. The results showed that ceramic phases TiB₂ and TiC were in-situ synthesized by plasma cladding, and the ceramic phase content significantly affected tribological performance and the wear mechanism of coatings under different loads. The composite ceramics protected coatings from further delamination wear by crack-resistance under a load of 30 N. Severe abrasive wear and adhesive wear were prevented when the load increased to 60 N because of the high hardness and strength of ceramic phases. Moreover, a compacted layer appeared on the wear surface of coatings with high content of ceramic phases, which effectively decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate. The TiB₂-TiC composite ceramics significantly improved the wear performance of metal matrix composite coatings by different mechanisms under loads of 30 and 60 N.     

Study on Properties of Ti(C,N)/TiN Multi-Element-layer Films Plus Nanometer Lubrication Dry Films

STARTING from the binary TiN wear-resistancecoating system,multi-element PVD superhard films,e.g.(Ti,Al)N films,(Ti,Cr)N films and Ti(C,N)films,may possess better tribological properties'1"41.Forexample,Ti(C,N)films showed higher hardness andbetter thermal-wear resistance properties than TiNfilms[4-5].However,due to mismatch of physical andmicro-structural properties of the multi-element filmsand the substrate,premature failure may occur duringfilm deposition process or in applicatio…     

Structural transformations,strengthening, and wear resistance of titanium nickelide upon abrasive and adhesive wear

Wear resistance and structural transformations upon abrasive and adhesive wear of titanium nickelide Ti49.4Ni50.6 in microcrystalline (MC) and submicrocrystalline (SMC) states have been investigated. It has been shown that the abrasive wear resistance of this alloy exceeds that of the steel 12Kh18N9 by a factor of about 2, that of the steel 110G13 (Hadfield steel), by a factor of 1.3, and is close to that of the steel 95Kh18. Upon adhesive wear in a testing-temperature range from −50 to +300°C, the Ti49.4Ni50.6 alloy, as compared to the steel 12Kh18N9, is characterized by the wear rate that is tens of times smaller and by a reduced (1.5–2.0 times) friction coefficient. The enhanced wear resistance of the Ti49.4Ni50.6 alloy is due to the development of intense strain hardening in it and to a high fracture toughness, which is a consequence of effective relaxation of high contact stresses arising in the surface layer of the alloy. The SMC state produced in the alloy with the help of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) has no effect on the abrasive wear resistance of the alloy. The favorable effect of ECAP on the wear resistance of the Ti49.4Ni50.6 alloy takes place under conditions of its adhesive wear at temperatures from −25 to +70°C. The electron-microscopic investigation showed that under conditions of wear at negative and room temperatures in the surface layer (1–5 μm thick) of titanium nickelide there arises a mixed structure consisting of an amorphous phase and nanocrystals of supposedly austenite and martensite. Upon friction at 200–300°C, a nanocrystalline structure of the B2 phase arises near the alloy surface, which, as is the case with the amorphous-nanocrystalline structure, is characterized by significant effective strength and wear resistance.     

保温时间对Ti/TiN/TiCN涂层结构、残余应力及耐磨性的影响

目的 改善镁合金表面硬度和耐磨性能。方法 采用磁控溅射法在AZ31表面制备复合Ti/TiN/TiCN涂层,在不同保温时间下对沉积后的复合涂层进行退火处理。借助X射线荧光光谱(XRF)测试复合涂层表面平均元素含量,采用X射线小角掠入射(GIXRD)技术研究涂层物相组成和残余应力,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面形貌和磨痕形貌,借助销盘式摩擦磨损试验机和纳米压痕仪评估涂层的耐磨性能。结果 退火涂层的晶粒尺寸增加,内部缺陷减少,涂层更致密,残余应力显著下降。退火前后涂层的物相均为FCC的TiCN,不同保温时间下的涂层具有不同的择优生长取向。随着保温时间的延长,涂层表面Ti、C含量先增后减,N元素含量先减后增,涂层表面硬度下降,摩擦因数增大,耐磨性能下降。沉积涂层的韧性较好,摩擦因数波动较大,磨损机制以刮擦磨损为主。退火30 min后,涂层的磨损率最低,磨损机制以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主。退火90 min后,涂层的磨痕最宽,韧性最差,磨损率最高,磨损机制以磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。结论 退火有助于降低残余应力,但退火时间不宜过长,时间超过30 min,涂层的耐磨性能下降。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆WC增强镍基复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高TC4钛合金的耐磨性,利用激光熔覆技术(laser cladding,LC)在TC4钛合金表面制备Ni60+50%WC(体积分数)和deloro22(d22)粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)2种耐磨复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征涂层的微观结构和物相组成;使用HV-1000显微维氏硬度计、HRS-2M型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机和WDW-100D电子万能试验机来分析涂层的性能。结果表明:2种涂层均由W₂C、TiC、Ni₁₇W₃、Ni₃Ti和Ti_xW_1-x相组成,2种涂层不仅与基体呈现出优异的冶金结合,而且组织均匀致密,没有裂纹瑕疵;由于涂层中存在着原位合成的硬质相和细晶强化共同作用使得涂层硬度显著提高,约为TC4基体的2.82倍;2种涂层的摩擦系数(COF)和磨损量都远低于TC4钛合金基体;Ni60+50%WC复合涂层和d22粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)复合涂层的抗剪切结合强度分别为188....     

选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金摩擦磨损性能的各向异性

基于选区激光熔化技术制备了Ti6Al4V钛合金,研究了不同成形表面(XOY、XOZ)和不同载荷(20、40、60、80 N)对Ti6Al4V合金摩擦磨损性能的影响。通过摩擦系数(COF)结合磨损体积损失对不同成形面的摩擦磨损性能进行评估,采用光学显微镜(OM)、三维轮廓测量仪等设备对磨损轨道的形态和磨损机理进行表征。结果表明:相比XOZ面,XOY面在法向载荷为20N时其磨损体积减少了0.27×10-5 mm3,平均摩擦系数更小;而当载荷大于20N时,XOY面的磨损体积和平均摩擦系数均大于XOZ面。磨损轨道犁槽的深度和宽度随着载荷的增加而增加,犁槽呈现出明显的剥落行为,轨道处分布着块状的"粘合剂",发生着粘着磨损和氧化磨损。从摩擦系数、磨损体积、微观形态的角度定量反映出SLM成形Ti6Al4V合金的XOZ面比XOY面具备更优异的摩擦磨损性能,只有在低载荷下XOY面才表现出更加耐磨的特性。     

COMPOSITION EFFECT ON DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIORS OF Ti-B-N THIN FILMS

Friction and sliding wear behaviour of Ti-B-N coatings against AISI440C steel ball and WC-6wt%Co ball were studied by using pin-on-disk tribometer along with microstructure characterization using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that the wear resistance of film depended on the wear mechanism. In the case of AISI440C steel, adhesive wear were pre-dominant and the wear rate increased sharply to a maximum when N content reach -38at. %. This might be related to the change of film microstructure and phase configuration, so the least adhesive transfer of tribo-film was observed. If WC-6wt% Co ball was used, less deformation wear debris was observed, this was responsible for the rise of wear rate. Despite of different wear modes, friction coefficients in both cases were found to depend mainly on the formation and the amount of h-BN phase. Elemental anal)sis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that oxygen participated in the wear behavior by reacting with films to form the debris comprised of various types of Ti oxide including TiO, TiO2 and Ti2O3, which increased wear resistance.