城轨交通牵引供电系统参数与储能系统容量配置综合优化

在城轨交通中安装地面式超级电容储能系统将有效回收列车再生制动能量,降低系统运行能耗。各个变电所、牵引/制动列车与储能系统通过牵引网进行实时能量交互,组成一个复杂的多能源耦合系统,因此,为了提高牵引供电系统的整体能量效率,减少投资成本,该文提出供电系统参数与储能系统容量配置综合优化方法。首先建立不同列车运行场景的等效电路模型,分析变电所空载电压和制动电阻启动电压对变电所、牵引/制动列车与储能系统之间能量传递效率与有效传输距离的影响;其次,建立以系统能耗和配置成本为目标的多目标优化问题,将NSGA-II优化算法与城轨牵引供电潮流计算相结合,对供电系统参数与储能系统容量配置进行综合优化;最后,基于北京地铁八通线算例,求解综合优化的帕累托最优解集。结果表明,相比于单一储能系统优化,综合优化在投资成本相近的情况下有效提高了储能系统的节能率。     

基于旁路直流回路的城轨交通再生制动能量调度研究

城轨交通已成为城市耗能大户,提升列车再生制动能量的利用率对降低牵引能耗具有重要的意义.该文在分析接触网阻抗影响列车间再生制动能量传输机理的基础上,提出一种基于旁路直流回路的城轨交通再生制动能量管理与利用新思路,建立了一种基于电力电子变换器的旁路直流回路拓扑及其控制策略,并采用情景分析法开展了可行性及有效性验证.案例研究结果表明,提出的旁路直流回路拓扑及控制策略是可行的,可实现再生制动能量利用率约10％的有效提升;与地面储能系统的集成,可减少储能装置充放电次数和充放电深度,延长储能装置的使用周期与寿命.研究成果可为城轨交通再生制动能量管理与利用提供参考.     

地铁直流1 500 V开关柜框架泄漏保护探讨

0 引言 地铁直流1 500 V开关柜的正极与柜体发生故障时,对设备尤其对人身安全会造成严重威胁,本文介绍针对此而设立的保护装置的原理。 1 地铁直流供电系统构成 广州地铁直流供电系统主要由牵引降压变电所、架空接触网系统2部分组成。牵引降压变电所将来自110 kV/33 kV主变电站的交流33 kV电压经降压、整流变为直流1 500 V后,通过直流开关柜向接触网供电。直流牵引供电系统接线如图1所示。     

基于RBF网络的车载超级电容滑模控制系统

针对地铁在频繁的加速和制动过程中导致电能浪费、牵引网电压的剧烈波动和电网运行不稳定等问题,提出一种基于RBF网络的车载超级电容滑模控制系统。超级电容储能装置通过与双向DC/DC变换器连接,给列车提供牵引或者吸收列车产生的再生制动能量。在Boost模式和Buck模式下,分别设计RBF神经滑模控制器。仿真结果表明,与传统的PI控制相比,神经滑模控制下的车载超级电容储能装置提高了再生制动能量吸收效果,抑制了牵引网电压波动。     

电气化铁路再生制动能量利用系统保护方案研究

再生制动能量利用系统在实现电气化铁路再生能量回收利用、节能减碳中发挥着重要作用。然而，基于潮流控制技术的再生制动能量利用系统将改变牵引供电系统原始功率潮流，其故障保护对保障电气化铁路的运行安全至关重要。为此，该文针对电气化铁路再生制动利用系统的故障保护方案开展研究。首先，根据再生制动能量利用系统的运行原理分析系统接入对牵引供电系统既有保护的影响。然后，结合影响分析结果提出基于“故障导向安全”原则的再生制动能量利用系统保护方案。该方案对不同类型系统故障制定分级保护策略，在此基础上通过系统自保护与牵引供电系统既有保护的协同配合保障再生制动能量利用系统的运行安全。最后，选取牵引变电所和分区所2种典型应用案例对所提保护方案进行验证。结果表明，所提保护方案能够实现再生制动能量利用系统在不同应用案例中的有效保护，保障了再生制动能量的安全利用。     

再生制动对同相供电系统电能质量影响研究

同相供电系统可提供牵引供电网中的负序电流、无功电流、谐波的补偿以及解决电分相问题。本文介绍了单相组合式同相供电系统和列车再生制动工作原理,通过建立仿真模型,分析了列车处于再生制动工况下对同相牵引供电系统及电力系统三相不平衡度、功率因数和谐波的影响,验证了同相供电系统在列车再生制动工况下,不改变控制策略解决电能质量问题的有效性。     

地铁车辆再生制动混合型储能回收装置研究*

针对地铁运行站间距短,车辆频繁启动、制动运行,导致再生制动时产生大量的能量,可通过超级电容加电阻混合型储能装置吸收贮存,提出基于混合型储能装置的再生制动能量回收控制策略,即地铁制动时超级电容充电回收再生制动能量,地铁启动时超级电容放电回馈储存的能量.分析了超级电容储能的充放电控制策略,并通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了混合储能装置能有效抑制地铁牵引供电系统中的电压波动.     

直流牵引供电系统电流跨区间传输对钢轨电位影响

直流牵引供电系统普遍存在钢轨电位过高的问题,现有模型仿真结果一般远小于现场实际值。对多区间多列车并列运行情况下电流跨区间传输现象进行分析,理论研究了电流跨区间传输对钢轨电位的影响。通过广州地铁8号线现场测试,验证了跨区间传输电流所占列车总牵引电流比例增加时,会导致钢轨电位增大。根据直流牵引供电系统实际特性,建立多供电区间多列车的钢轨电位动态分析模型,仿真分析了列车动态运行下直流牵引供电系统电流跨区间传输现象,对比分析不同电流跨区间传输情况下钢轨电位变化。现场测试及仿真结果表明,有效避免电流跨区间传输可大大降低线路钢轨电位幅值。     

城市轨道交通直流牵引供电系统模型及其仿真研究

针对城市轨道直流牵引供电系统仿真,采用由接触网、钢轨、杂散电流收集网和大地组成的四层网络模型,将全线直流牵引网模拟成一个的动态网络.整流机组采用多段折线的外特性模型,通过迭代试算的方法确定其工作区间,较地仿真直流牵引供电系统接触网、钢轨和杂散电流收集网电位、泄漏电流以及变电所负荷曲线等.     

城市轨道交通再生制动回馈系统设计与节能探讨

对城市轨道供电系统各组成部分的电气特性建模,研究含逆变回馈装置的牵引变电所组合运行控制策略, 并采用交替迭代方式实现交直流一体化供电仿真计算.结合列车运行负荷过程模拟,利用软件求解多车、动态的全网 络潮流分布和再生制动能量分配利用情况,以此为基础进行相关牵引供电计算、逆变回馈装置位置容量优化和能量反 馈效果评估等研究工作,并对再生制动回馈进行系统优化设计.     

列车再生制动能量管理及控制系统研究

为回收利用交流电气化铁路列车产生的再生制动能量,研究了再生制动能量管理及控制系统.提出一种基于牵引负荷状态的能量综合管理策略,以牵引变压器两供电臂负荷功率为信息载体表示系统的不同工作模式,多种工作模式可相互切换.在混合储能装置内部功率分配中,通过引入锂电池荷电状态SOC(state of charge)及超级电容中间调...     

Performance indices of stationary energy storage in the traction substations of the Moscow Metro

It is shown that full-scale application of regenerative breaking in electric trains with asynchronous motors is has a large effect on electric-power efficiency in the traction power-supply system of the Moscow Metro. Particular lines of the Moscow Metro were considered (Filevskaya, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Butovskaya, Kol’tsevaya), where trains are equipped with asynchronous motors of 81–740/741 Rusich series. The lines are able to save up to 10–12% of the traction energy in the regenerated energy. It is suggested to use a system of stationary energy storage to improve the efficiency of regenerative braking. A stationary uncontrolled storage system based on storage modules produced by the Russian company Elton was selected from among the multiple existing types of storage systems. A scheme of stationary energy-storage system for use in the traction power-supply system of the Moscow Metro is described. Electrotechnical characteristics of the storage system and its performance features and functionality are presented. The power indices of the stationary energy-storage system were measured experimentally for normal operation at a traction substation of the Filevskaya line of the Moscow Metro over several months. Maximum levels of the regenerated energy and the cycle and efficiency ratio were determined. Long-term monitoring of the normal operation confirmed high reliability of stationary energy storage. Every system, including the switching elements; diagnostic and control systems of storage modules; and control and signaling systems, including those at the dispatching office; operated in a failsafe fashion. The stationary energy-storage system exhibited more positive effects, such as stabilization of voltage at the traction substation bus and possible lower rated power capacity of a traction substation as an effect of a smooth power consumption. It is also possible to bring a train containing passengers from a tunnel to the nearest station in case of external power-supply failure. The correlation between the theoretical calculations and the experimental measurements is displayed.     

动车组牵引与辅助供电的综合直流系统

以"复兴号"为代表的动车组装备的批量运用,标志着我国动车组技术已达到世界先进水平。铁路运营商对列车持续提出更高需求,包括智能化、节能高效和应急走行等;同时以碳化硅器件为代表的第三代半导体器件日渐成熟,渗透率不断提升。在新需求和新器件的双重背景下,对既有变流装置进行单点优化改造虽可行,但牵引系统和辅助供电系统的全局优化空间有限,在充分发挥碳化硅器件优势方面尤其捉襟见肘。从电能利用的本质和列车的原始需求出发,重新审视列车既有的牵引系统和辅助供电系统,提出一种面向未来动车组的综合直流系统。该系统由3级直流母线即高压、中压和低压直流母线构成主干网,牵引变压器和四象限整流器、牵引逆变器、辅助变流器、蓄电池充电机、储能装置以及其他各种类型电气设备都作为电源或负载接入各等级直流母线。动车组牵引与辅助供电的综合直流系统具备诸多优点,包括显著提升系统灵活性、更高效和便利储能设备接入等。充分发挥新一代碳化硅器件的优势,是一种融合牵引系统和辅助供电系统的统一平台。     

Optimization approach to unified AC/DC power flow applied to traction systems with catenary voltage constraints

This paper presents two innovative contributions related to the combined AC/DC power flow in railway power supply systems (RPSSs). First, most of the power flow equations (the linear ones) are expressed in a compact matrix form by using graph theory based protocol. Such approach simplifies the statement of the unified power flow problem and allows the train motion to be modeled without varying the system topology. Second, the problem is formulated as an Optimization Problem (OP) instead of using the non-constrained power flow approach. This technique allows the authors to simulate the effect of trains regenerative braking, considering system constraints such as the catenary voltage limit, which determines the amount of available regenerated energy injected to the network, and burned through the resistors.     

一种基于链式结构UPQC的电气化铁路同相供电方案研究

介绍了一种基于统一电能质量控制器（UPQC）的电气化铁路同相供电方案,通过对UPQC的主电路结构、功能和控制方法的详细分析,指出了该控制器相对于现有其他方案的优点,最后对同相供电系统在电力机车处于正常运行和再生制动这2种典型工况时的补偿效果进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,基于UPQC的同相供电系统能解决电气化铁路牵引变电所存在的三相电压不平衡、电压波动、功率因数低下以及谐波污染等问题,UPQC与能量存储系统ESS相结合,还能很好地解决机车再生制动能量回馈等问题。     

Synchronous phase measurements in the automated monitoring system of railway power supply facilities

The growth of freight traffic to the ports and border crossings of the Far East makes it necessary to significantly increase the carrying capacity for the railways of the eastern region of Russia. Trains with a mass of 6300 t cross through mountain passes with a traction of four-section locomotives in the stock front and rear end. Thus, the total capacity of the locomotives of only one train while moving along a steep ascent reaches 29 MW. The use of total capacity by locomotives at these locations in the modes of traction and regeneration braking imposes demanding requirements on the system of traction power supply. The automated monitoring system (AMS) of the traction substations has for several years of operation permitted accumulating a unique statistical basis for analysis of the operation modes of the traction power supply system in different conditions of handling of the trains and traffic density of trains. The data of the monitoring system includes all connections with current and voltage transformers. The monitoring system of the electrical parameters of the locomotive is synchronized and will be modified for operation according to the PMU standard. Thus, a complex electrified section will have the most complete set of measurements to investigate the operation of infrastructure while handling heavy trains. Continuous measurements enable one to tune out quickly protective equipment from increasing loads, allowing the influence to be determined of the balancing current on operation of protective systems and power losses in the system elements and making it possible to determine the necessity to apply the technologies of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTSs) in the power supply sector. The mathematical model of the traction power supply system based on measurements in the AMS permits controlling a large number of electrical parameters of its elements promptly identifying rapid degrading and differing from the normal ones.     

采用自耦变压器供电的重载铁路牵引电缆贯通供电系统供电方案

针对采用自耦变压器(AT)供电的重载铁路,为了进一步提升其运能和再生制动能量利用率,提出一种采用AT供电的重载铁路牵引电缆贯通供电方案。首先,介绍了采用AT供电的重载铁路牵引电缆贯通供电方案;其次,研究采用AT供电的重载铁路牵引电缆贯通供电系统供电能力,推导该供电系统的等值模型,分析其电流分布关系,计算牵引网等值阻抗,结合其电压分布关系推导出供电能力数学模型,为方案的初步设计提供依据;然后,以某实际重载线路改造设计为案例,分别对既有方案和所提方案的供电能力和能耗情况进行仿真验证;最后,对改造成本及运营经济性进行了分析。分析结果表明所提方案能够延长供电距离,降低牵引供电系统能耗,提高再生制动能量利用率,节省外部电力资源,经济效益较为显著。     

树形双边贯通供电方案及其应用研究

树形双边贯通供电方案能够取消牵引变电所出口和分区所处的电分相,提高系统的供电能力和再生制动能量利用率.介绍了树形双边供电方案的构造;针对树形双边贯通供电方案,以复线直接供电方式为例,推导了牵引网双边供电区间在复线牵引网上下行不并联、末端并联、全并联,以及端头供电臂单边供电等情况下的牵引网阻抗模型;以牵引变电所为单元,构...     

Energy effectiveness and electromagnetic compatibility of DC traction power supply systems with 24-kV grid voltage

A new DC traction power supply system is advanced with a grid voltage of 24 kV, which would enable one to reduce significantly the distance between substations, the power grid wire cross section, and the power losses in supplying devices. This makes the new system superior to the AC traction power supply systems taken together with the absence of the supply voltage asymmetry, weaker electromagnetic influence and induction losses.