混响室搅拌器位置优化的数值分析

为研究混响室搅拌器位置对测试区域场均匀性影响,采用基于矩量法的电磁仿真软件FEKO对混响室仿真模型进行数值计算,通过与遗传算法相结合对混响室搅拌器位置进行优化,得到了搅拌器位置的最优解以及相应的表征混响室测试区域场均匀性的电场标准偏差值.研究表明:搅拌器位置影响测试区域场均匀性,当搅拌器位置处于最优配置时,测试区域各轴向电场标准偏差较初始状态分别下降了47.4%、20.1%、57.1%,总标准偏差下降了44.0%,测试区域场均匀性较优化前有所提高,提高了混响室用于电磁兼容测试时的准确度.     

混响室的仿真与优化

混响室的结构设计中,搅拌器的设计是一个难点.合理设计的搅拌器会改善混响室的场均匀性、降低最低可用频率.文章通过实验仿真,定性分析了不同的搅拌器大小、形状与个数对混响室性能的影响.     

混响室仿真模型的建立及实验验证

为了对实际混响室的建造提供指导,采用基于矩量法的电磁仿真软件FEKO建立了混响室仿真模型,并通过实际测试对模型进行了验证.为高效地完成仿真,编写了Matlab程序控制FE-KO,实现了仿真模型中搅拌器的自动步进.从场强大小及电场标准偏差两方面对混响室模型进行了实验验证.结果表明:仿真计算得到的各顶点归一化最大电场强度趋势与实测结果具有较高的一致性,仿真计算得到的标准偏差值与实测结果的相对误差平均值保持在12％左右,说明仿真模型能真实反映混响室的场分布情况.     

混响室“Z”型搅拌器的设计优化

阐述了混响室性能评价方法、机械搅拌器的作用与工作原理。利用电磁计算仿真软件分析了“Z”型搅拌器的长度和折叠数目对混响室场强均匀性指标的影响。结果表明,在混响室内部空间允许的条件下,搅拌器投影长度越长、折数越多,对应的混响室性能越好。     

混响室桨叶夹角对场均匀性影响的仿真及测量

用HFSS10．0对混响室进行仿真,研究了搅拌器的夹角对场均匀性的影响。首先阐述了混响室的特点及其场均匀性校准的原理和方法,然后根据实际混响室的尺寸,用HFSS10．0进行建模,通过仿真得出搅拌器在不同夹角情况下的场均匀性。最后根据仿真结果,对混响室的场均匀性进行测量,验证了合理的设计搅拌器会改善混响室的场均匀性,降低最低可用频率。     

混响室发射天线指向对场均匀性影响研究

采用基于矩量法的电磁仿真软件FEKO建立了混响室仿真模型,并对步进模式下的混响室模型进行了数值计算.将混响室数值计算与遗传算法相结合,通过仿真计算与理论分析研究了混响室发射天线指向对场均匀性的影响.研究结果表明:改变发射天线指向,其本质是改变混响室各模式前的加权系数,导致表征混响室工作区域场均匀性的电场标准偏差随之发生改变.发射天线指向处于最优配置时,工作区域各轴向电场标准偏差较初始状态有所下降,说明通过优化提高了工作区域场均匀性.     

大型混响室的结构与测试设置

大型混响室可测试整机系统的电磁兼容抗扰度及整机的抗干扰能力极限指标.从结构尺寸、屏蔽材料、搅拌器等方面,介绍大型混响室的技术特殊性.     

混响室设计与校准测试

给出了混响室测试系统的设计方法和基本性能的预测分析.根据设计建造了混响室,并且采用自动化测试软件完成了校准测试,分析了电场均匀性、品质因数等性能指标.测试表明建造的混响室性能完全符合测试标准的规定,多次测量重复性很好.最低可用频率200 MHz,电场均匀性小于3 dB.可以用来进行电磁兼容辐射发射和辐射抗扰度测试.     

混响室随机多径衰落电磁环境的实验研究

混响室内的电磁波经搅拌器和室壁多次反射,形成了多径衰落,利用混响室模拟了实际无线通信中2种常见的多径衰落环境。对混响室内的发射天线、接收天线以及损耗物进行配置,设置了6组实验。其中一组是经典混响室(发射天线不可直接辐射接收天线)的实验,实验结果表明,当工作频率、搅拌器转速控制得当时,混响室能够模拟各向同性的瑞利衰落场环境。另外5组是发射天线直接辐射接收天线的实验。实验结果表明,当发射天线和接收天线存在直接耦合分量时,混响室能够模拟莱斯衰落场环境,并且通过控制天线正对距离、工作频率以及损耗物加载量可改变直射波和反射波强度的占比,使混响室内的电场获得不同的莱斯K因子。其中损耗物加载量对莱斯K因子的影响最大,不仅会降低混响室的品质因数,还使混响室内电磁场的边界条件更为复杂,从而使混响室内的环境更接近于真实的无线通信环境。     

电场传感器校准的等效天线系数法

针对电场传感器在1 GHz以上频段高于200 V/m场强的校准需求,提出了等效天线系数法.该方法借用了天线系数的概念,在混响室中首先通过现有场强标准装置传递得到小场强时接收天线的等效天线系数,再利用等效天线系数对混响室中的大场强定标,从而实现电场传感器的大场强校准.混响室中采用等效天线系数法定标的大场强与采用统计方法计算得到的大场强相比较,场强偏差满足系统不确定度要求,说明了等效天线系数法的合理性.该方法借助混响室的特点和天线系数概念,将电场传感器校准幅度提升至200 V/m以上,为大场强测量的准确性提供了依据.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks