橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒抗氧化性的影响

采用2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）方法动态监测经橡木桶陈酿和未经橡木桶陈酿的红葡萄酒的反应过程,比较在测定其抗氧化活性的反应条件上的差异,从而确定适合检测的最佳反应条件,并分析橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒中酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,ABTS方法测定经橡木桶陈酿的红葡萄酒抗氧化活性的最佳反应时间范围是240～280 min,最佳稀释比例范围为1∶100～2∶100,未经橡木桶陈酿的最佳反应时间范围是220～260 min,最佳稀释比例范围是3∶100～4∶100,此条件下各因素与自由基清除率的线性关系R2均＞0.999。试验证明,采用合适的检测方法测定不同陈酿方式酒的抗氧化活性有利于提高检测效率和准确性,经橡木桶陈酿过的红葡萄酒中的酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性更高。     

苦荞红曲保健酒的抗氧化活性

为研究苦荞红曲保健酒的总黄酮和总酚的体外抗氧化活性,测定其对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP值）,并且与市售黄酒、VC、Trolox进行对比。结果表明,苦荞红曲保健酒有一定DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率和铁离子还原力。被测样品的抗氧化活性与总黄酮、总酚的含量有显著的相关性（P〈0.01）。     

超声处理对树莓干红酒抗氧化活性的影响

为提高树莓干红酒的抗氧化活性,对树莓干红酒进行超声处理,以处理后树莓干红酒DPPH自由基清除活性为评价指标,考察了超声处理功率,超声处理时间,超声处理温度对树莓干红酒抗氧化活性的影响。通过单因素实验和正交实验,得出最佳处理条件为超声处理功率150W,超声处理时间15min,超声处理温度50℃。在最优化条件超声处理下,树莓干红酒DPPH自由基清除活性为79.16%,与未经超声处理比较,树莓干红酒酚类物质含量,DPPH自由基清除活性,羟基自由基清除活性和还原能力增长率分别为13.70%,21.11%,22.64%,21.78%。实验结果表明,超声处理可显著提高树莓干红酒抗氧化活性。      

基于抗氧化活性指标的国产红葡萄酒产地识别

目的 对比分析不同产地葡萄酒抗氧化活性的差异, 以此实现葡萄酒产地的判别。方法 以新疆吐鲁番、宁夏银川和河北秦皇岛的红葡萄酒为研究对象, 采用理化检测方法比较不同产地葡萄酒抗氧化活性的差异, 并利用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)建立葡萄酒的产地识别模型。结果 在对葡萄酒酒样抗氧化活性指标测定中, 不同产地酒样表现的抗氧化能力依次为: 新疆吐鲁番>宁夏银川>河北秦皇岛。基于以上述抗氧化活性指标数据进行PCA分析发现, 不同产地葡萄酒样本大致可以各自聚集成类, 并且前两个主成分的累计方差解释率可达89.6%, 基本可以反应总体数据信息; 进一步通过OPLS-DA和SVM建立产地识别模型, 以其中8个不同产地的葡萄酒样本作为测试集进行外部验证, 结果发现两个模型的识别准确率均可达87.5%, 表现出较好的产地识别能力。结论 根据抗氧化活性的差异性可以实现国产红葡萄酒的产地识别。     

Effect of a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor on the quality of grape and red wine

BACKGROUND: The quality of berries and red wines is influenced by the cultivar. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a polyamine biosynthesis (PA) inhibitor on some red grapevine cultivars with a genetically lower quality of grapes and wines. O‐Phosphoethanolamine was used as a PA inhibitor because of its positive effect on the quality of some small berries. RESULTS: The PA inhibitor at a foliar dose treatment of 7.0 g ha⁻¹ significantly increased the peroxidation inhibition of berries (1.16‐ to 1.56‐fold), the color density (from 1.66% to 69.14%) and the sensory quality of the wines with a lower genetically programmed color quality (André, Saint Laurent and Zweigeltrebe), but not the higher‐quality Alibernet variety. The PA inhibitor predominantly decreased the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents (from 37.0% to 27.5%), and it significantly decreased the contents of free polyamines in all varieties—very dramatically in Saint Laurent grapes (17.16‐ to 1.58‐fold). CONCLUSIONS: Foliar treatment of red grapevine varieties of a low quality, using O‐phosphoethanolamine, can help produce higher‐quality wines. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

红松树皮多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用酶解预处理结合乙醇浸提法提取红松树皮多酚化合物,并对其抗氧化活性进行了研究。以多酚得率和羟自由基清除率为指标,在单因素实验基础上,采用响应曲面法对红松树皮多酚的提取工艺进行优化,确定最优提取工艺为:加酶量116.70U/g,酶解时间2.60h,酶解温度53.00℃,乙醇添加量49.30%。在该最优提取条件下多酚得率和羟自由基清除率的分别高达11.84%和76.91%。应用电子自旋共振(ESR)法测定抗氧化活性,多酚提取物对羟自由基的清除能力随加入浓度的增加而增加,表明高浓度多酚提取物会提高其抗氧化活性。      

Characteristics and antioxidant capacities of five hawthorn wines fermented by different wine yeasts

Different yeast strains can influence the characteristics and active constituents of hawthorn wines. Hawthorn wines were produced using five different yeasts and characterized in terms of their profiles of typical properties and antioxidant capacities. The wine antioxidant capacities of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, superoxide anion (O₂ · ^–) scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined. It was found that the general wine compositions showed the expected variations. Except for yeast Lalvin W15 all of the yeasts exhibited good sugar‐utilizing ability and alcohol production. Yeast Lalvin 71B exhibited an excellent fermentation capability. Hawthorn wine fermented by yeast Lalvin 71B had the lowest residual sugar, titratable acidity and colour density and the highest alcohol content. SIHA Active Yeast 3 had good performance in respect to oxidation resistance. The highest content of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the wine was found with hawthorn wine fermented by SIHA Active Yeast 3, and this wine contained the highest antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH assay, O₂ · ^– assay and FRAP. Statistical analysis indicated that pH value was significantly correlated with colour density (?0.954**) and alcohol content (0.905**) in the hawthorn wines. There was a strong positive correlation between the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH (0.915**) and FRAP (0.914**) assays, respectively. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling.     

陈酿对桑葚酒抗氧化性能的影响

为进一步提高桑葚酒的品质,在桑葚酒陈酿过程中以温度、酸度及陈酿时间为变量进行正交试验,测定桑葚酒的总酚含量及总抗氧化能力,结果表明,随着陈酿时间的延长桑葚酒的总抗氧化能力及总酚含量均明显降低,且桑葚酒总酚及总抗氧化能力成显著的正相关,在温度为25℃、酒样酸度(以酒石酸计)为9g/L的条件下总抗氧化能力及总酚含量相对较好.     

红树莓多酚提取物闪式提取工艺优化及其抗氧化性

对闪式提取红树莓总多酚的提取工艺进行研究,在单因素实验的基础上选取了溶剂体积分数、提取电压和提取时间为因素,以红树莓总多酚提取量为响应值,进行Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,利用响应面分析法对提取条件进行优化,通过测定提取液对DPPH·和·OH清除能力,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,树莓总酚在四种溶剂中的提取效果顺序为:乙醇 > 水 > 石油醚 > 氯仿,最佳提取工艺参数为乙醇体积分数48%、提取电压150 V、提取时间为57 s,红树莓总酚提取量为(52.24±0.66) mg/g,此外,提取物对DPPH·清除率达到93.71%±0.70%,对·OH清除率达到84.13%±1.58%。     

微氧处理技术在葡萄酒陈酿中的应用

微氧处理技术是指以专用的微氧处理装置,向葡萄酒中有控制地通入微量的氧气,也可以辅助使用橡木片或橡木替代品,从而优化葡萄酒的陈酿条件,达到提高葡萄酒质量的目的。此项技术可以有效地稳定葡萄酒的颜色,改善口感,提高葡萄酒的感官质量。本文研究了微氧处理技术对干红葡萄酒陈酿的作用,找出了适当的处理条件。该项技术可以部分替代橡木桶陈酿,显著缩短陈酿周期,大大降低葡萄酒陈酿成本,提高企业生产能力和经济效益。     

The Study of Phenolic Compounds as Natural Antioxidants in Wine

Plant phenolics present in fruit and vegetables, and that are particularly rich in red wine, have received considerable attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. Human consumption of antioxidants has many alleged health benefits, including protection against cardiovascular diseases, and, most recently, cancer. Red wines contain a variety of polyphenolic antioxidants. Five samples of commercial red wines from Spain and four phenolic compounds of red wine: gallic acid, trans-resveratrol, quercetin and rutin, have been studied. The total phenolics content and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of wines was determined. The total phenolic content, determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, varied from 1800 to 2300?mg/L, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The antioxidative effects of wine phenolics were determined using a system based on the inhibition by antioxidants of the absorbance of the radical cation. The relationship between antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, as hydrogen donating free radical scavengers, and their chemical structures was studied. Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of the wines investigated was well correlated with phenol content. Thus, the results confirm that red wine polyphenols are, in vitro, significant antioxidants.     

原料大米对成品黄酒抗氧化性的影响

以泰国香米、上海武育米、长粒香米、东北大米、扬州大米和扬州糯米为研究对象,考察其酿造特性和抗氧化性;分别以上述6种大米为原料酿制黄酒,研究主发酵期间醪液抗氧化能力的动态变化趋势,评估成品黄酒的品质和抗氧化性。结果显示,原料大米及相应成品黄酒中的多酚对其抗氧化活性具有重要影响,多酚含量越高,抗氧化活性就越强;以扬州大米为原料酿制的黄酒的抗氧化活性最强,且品质优良。研究结果表明,扬州大米可以作为糯米的替代品或作为配料用来酿制具有抗氧化活性的黄酒。     

不同产区葡萄酒多酚物质抗氧化活性差异及相关性分析

以西北部产区(焉耆盆地、吐哈盆地、天山北麓、伊犁河谷)及中部产区(河北产区)葡萄酒为样本,测定其多酚组成及抗氧化能力,分析样品间差异性及相关性,探究影响抗氧化功效的单体酚物质。通过对酚类物质含量、DPPH、ABTS⁺、羟自由基清除率的测定,结果显示,西北部产区样品酚类物质含量高,且种类丰度较高;焉耆与伊犁产区葡萄酒抗氧化能力较高。相关性分析表明,DPPH、ABTS⁺、羟自由基的清除率分析结果具有极显著正相关性;对抗氧化能力贡献较大的多酚类别依次为对羟基肉桂酸、芪类、对羟基苯甲酸、黄烷-3-醇、黄酮醇,对抗氧化能力贡献较大的单体酚依次为芥子酸、水杨酸、杨梅素、儿茶素、表儿茶素。     

野生蓝莓酒皮渣花色苷及其抗氧化活性研究

该研究比较了蒸馏前后野生蓝莓酒皮渣中的总酚及花色苷含量、花色苷单体的组成和抗氧化活性。结果表明,蓝莓酒皮渣中总花色苷含量为（8.64±0.13） mg/g,总酚含量为（77.24±1.42） mg/g,抗氧化活性为Trolox当量浓度（3.59±0.11） μmol/g;单体花色苷含量较多的是二甲花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（29.90%）、3′-甲基花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（21.31%）和花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（20.44%）。蒸馏后,皮渣中的总酚及花色苷含量分别下降为（68.11±1.20） mg/g和（5.05±0.09） mg/g,其单体降解率变化在21.64%～43.47%。其中,二甲花翠素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷稳定性最差,降解率为43.47%;花青素-3-O-葡萄糖苷较为稳定,降解率为21.64%;Trolox当量浓度下降为（3.07±0.07） μmol/g,皮渣抗氧化能力也降低了14.64%。因此,野生蓝莓果酒发酵产生的皮渣具有较高的利用价值,开发时应尽量避免高温处理。     

Characterization of red wines from South America based on sensory properties and antioxidant activity

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that red wines constitute one of the most important sources of dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. However, it is still not known how some variables such as variety, vintage, country of origin, and retail price are associated with the antioxidant activity and sensory profile of South American red wines. In this regard, 80 samples produced in Brazil, Chile and Argentina were assessed in relation to their sensory properties, color and in vitro antioxidant activity, and results were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: Samples were grouped in clusters, characterized by high, intermediate and low in vitro antioxidant activity, sensory properties and prices. It was possible to observe that wines with high antioxidant activity were associated to high retail prices and overall perception of sensory quality. CONCLUSION: South American wines produced from Vitis vinifera such as Syrah, Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon had higher in vitro antioxidant activity and also higher sensory quality than wines produced from Vitis labrusca. This result was independent of vintage (2002‐2010), corroborating the idea that the same grape varietal, even when produced in different years, displays similar sensory characteristics and antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

番木瓜果酒发酵及其抗氧化能力分析

以番木瓜为原料,经破碎、酶解、成分调整后接种葡萄酒活性干酵母,于（22±1） ℃发酵制备番木瓜果酒。研究发酵过程中总糖、还原糖、滴定酸含量与抗氧化能力的变化,明确番木瓜果酒的理化指标与感官品质。结果表明,番木瓜果酒发酵过程中总糖、还原糖含量逐渐降低,滴定酸含量增加,总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除率和亚铁还原能力（FRAP值）降低,pH值变化无规律性。番木瓜果酒酒精度10.7%vol,残糖量4.4 g/L,滴定酸4.5 g/L,总酚含量3.0 g/L,DPPH自由基清除率63.0%,FRAP值2.33 mmol/L,属半干型果酒,抗氧化能力较强,理化与感官品质均符合相关果酒标准要求。     

发酵型黄精米酒动力学及抗氧化性研究

该实验通过测定发酵型黄精米酒发酵过程中酵母菌含量、酒精度和残糖含量的变化规律,采用Boltzmann模型和DoseResp模型进行非线性拟合,构建发酵动力学模型,同时对预测值和实验值进行T显著性检验,并研究其抗氧化性。结果表明,酵母菌含量采用DoseResp模型的拟合度最高,R2=0.997 5;酒精度采用Boltzmann模型和DoseResp模型的拟合度最高,R2=0.995 3;残糖含量采用Boltzmann模型和DoseResp模型的拟合度最高,R2=0.993 2;且T检验结果均不显著（P＞0.05）,说明所选拟合方程能很好的描述其发酵动力学特征;发酵过程中总酚含量、总黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-·）和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基（DPPH·）清除率均呈现先增加后降低并趋于稳定的趋势。