125 I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注治疗中晚期肺癌的临床应用

目的评估 １２５ I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期肺癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行 １２５ I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗的中晚期肺癌患者３０例的疗效和不良反应,每例粒子植入数为３～７０粒（６７１１型,０．７mCi／粒）。所有患者分别在粒子植入术前７d、术后３０、６０d进行支气管动脉灌注化疗,根据RECIST标准判定疗效。结果所有患者共４０个病灶均成功植入 １２５ I粒子,未发生手术相关严重并发症,术后随访２～２４个月。本组患者２年生存率为８６．６％（２６／３０）,术后４个月评估疗效:CR２６例,PR１０例,NC２例,PD２例,总有效率为９０％。结论 １２５ I植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗中晚期肺癌疗效明显,是一种治疗中晚期肺癌安全,有效的方法之一     

区域性动脉灌注化疗并栓塞对不能手术的恶性肠梗阻的临床应用

【摘要】 目的 评价区域性动脉灌注化疗并栓塞对不能手术恶性肠梗阻的临床应用价值。方法 回顾分析不能手术的恶性肠梗阻患者86例，行区域性动脉灌注化疗或配合栓塞治疗。计算治疗肠梗阻的有效率和显效时间。比较不同肿瘤肠梗阻的无进展生存时间和总生存期。结果 肠系膜上动脉置管持续灌注化疗35例，肠系膜下动脉灌注化疗及栓塞51例，并双侧髂内动脉灌注化疗16例。同时行肠系膜上、下动脉灌注化疗7例。灌注化疗及栓塞1～8次，平均3.62次。初次治疗后肠梗阻开始缓解时间4～156 h，平均22.5 h。有效率为89.5%（77/86）。肠梗阻持续缓解时间2～16个月，平均（7.03±3.02）个月。从发生肠梗阻计算患者生存期为3～32个月，平均（11.57±5.47）个月。胃癌所致肠梗阻疗效及预后均较差。9例肠梗阻无明显缓解者给予对症治疗或手术治疗。结论 区域性动脉灌注化疗及栓塞对不能手术恶性肠梗阻具有较高的肠梗阻缓解率，选择性直肠动脉灌注化疗及栓塞对缓解结直肠癌及盆腔转移瘤所致肠梗阻症状安全、可行。

     

支架置入联合动脉灌注治疗中晚期食管癌的临床研究

【摘要】 目的 通过对中晚期中下段食管癌患者进行食管腔内支架置入术联合经导管动脉灌注化疗的比较和分析，探讨中晚期食管癌更加高效、微创的治疗方法，为中晚期食管癌患者的综合介入治疗方案选择提供临床依据。方法 以食管腔内支架置入术联合经导管动脉灌注化疗患者29例为支架组；单纯顺铂和5-氟尿嘧啶方案化疗患者30例作为化疗组。对患者生存质量、近期疗效和生存率进行数据统计，采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理和分析。结果 支架组生存质量评分、总有效率均高于化疗组，且差异有统计学意义；支架组6个月、12个月生存率高于化疗组，两组间差异虽无统计学意义，但支架组生存率下降的趋势缓于化疗组。结论 腔内支架置入术联合经导管动脉灌注治疗中晚期中下段食管癌与单纯化疗相比更为安全、高效、微创，值得临床应用和推广。

     

肝动脉化疗或栓塞治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移的疗效分析

目的评价经肝动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移的临床效果。方法对２１例胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移患者,共进行７７例次经动脉介入治疗,其中单纯经动脉灌注化疗５４例次,肝动脉化疗栓塞２３例次。分析临床疗效、影像学评价、无进展生存期（PFS）、总生存期（OS）和并发症。结果所有患者均顺利完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生。临床反应为显效１０例、有效６例、无效５例,总有效率７６．２％（１６／２１）;影像学疗效评价有效１１例、稳定４例、疾病进展６例;PFS（１５．０±１０．９）个月,OS（３１．２±１７．４）个月。结论经肝动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移安全有效,可作为不能手术切除患者的一线治疗方法。     

区域性动脉灌注化疗治疗晚期恶性消化道梗阻

【摘要】 目的 观察区域性动脉灌注化疗治疗晚期恶性消化道梗阻的临床效果。方法 将晚期恶性消化道梗阻患者60例，分治疗组和对照组，治疗组30例用区域性动脉灌注小剂量化疗药治疗，对照组30例采用最佳支持治疗，治疗组疗程为3 ～ 4周1次。结果 两组梗阻改善情况:治疗组有效率93.3%，对照组有效率16.7%；症状改善情况:治疗组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01），不良反应主要为骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应，均在世界卫生组织评定标准Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ度。结论 区域性动脉灌注小剂量化疗药物治疗晚期消化道恶性梗阻，疗效优于对照组，可不同程度缓解消化道恶性梗阻，明显改善患者生活质量和延长生存期，是临床治疗晚期恶性消化道梗阻的有效方法。

     

CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入和单纯化疗治疗胰腺癌的疗效评价

目的 比较~(125)I粒子和单纯吉西他滨化疗治疗中晚期胰腺癌的作用.方法 将46例不能手术切除的中晚期胰腺癌患者分为2组:A组22例(~(125)I粒子植入组)和B组24例(吉西他滨静脉化疗组).疗效评价主要指标包括临床受益率、客观肿瘤疗效、安全性和生活质量评估.结果 治疗后3个月,有效率A组为45.5%,B组为8.3%.临床受益率A组为47.1%,B组为25.0%.A组无进展生存期中位时间为4个月,B组为3个月.两组毒性反应率和并发症率无差异.结论 ~(125)I粒子和吉西他滨在治疗中晚期胰腺癌方面均有一定的缓解率,但~(125)I粒子比吉西他滨能更好的改善患者的生存质量,提高生存率.     

晚期胰腺癌介入治疗的疗效评价

目的评价晚期胰腺癌经动脉化疗或栓塞的临床效果。方法 36例胰腺癌患者分为两组，18例行动脉化疗或栓塞(介入治疗)，另18例行全身化疗。结果介入治疗组临床受益反应有效率为55.6%(10/18)，全身化疗组为16.7%(3/18)(P0.05)。结论胰腺癌的动脉化疗虽未能提高远期生存率，但能提高临床受益反应。     

动脉灌注化疗联合高强度聚焦超声治疗胰腺癌的临床研究

【摘要】 目的 评价动脉灌注化疗联合高强度聚焦超声治疗胰腺癌的临床价值.方法 将64例不能手术切除的胰腺癌患者随机分成2组,研究组32例采用动脉灌注化疗联合高强度聚焦超声方案;对照组32例采用动脉灌注化疗方案.观察两组方案的有效率.临床收益率,不良反应和生存期.结果 两组近期有效率(PR + MR)分别为55.56%和28.57%(P < 0.05),中位生存期分别为13个月和9个月,1年生存率分别为68.75%和43.75%(P < 0.05).结论 经动脉灌注化疗联合高强度聚焦超声较单纯动脉灌注化疗治疗胰腺癌可明显提高近期有效率和患者的1年生存率.     

经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移

目的探讨经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移的临床效果。方法对９例恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移患者，采用５－FU、表阿霉素、丝裂霉素C和IL－２的化疗方案进行经导管动脉灌注化疗，２例患者还接受了肝动脉化疗栓塞，共２～８个疗程。结果所有患者均顺利完成介入治疗，无严重并发症。治疗后临床症状消失或明显改善，显效２例、有效７例；影像学疗效评价显效１例、有效７例、无效１例。结论经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移安全有效。     

胃及大肠癌术后区域性动脉灌注化疗和腹腔泵温热灌注化疗的临床应用

目的 探索胃及大肠癌术后的治疗、预防复发和转移的方法.方法 对50例术后1～12个月胃及大肠癌患者依据化疗方法的不同分为两组:治疗组24例采取区域性动脉灌注化疗联合腹腔泵温热灌注化疗;对照组26例采取术后区域性动脉灌注化疗.跟踪随访12～36个月.结果 治疗组生存率提高、术后肝转移率及腹腔内种植率均低于对照组,两者差异有显著性,P值＜0.05.结论 区域性动脉灌注化疗联合腹腔泵温热灌注化疗疗效明确,安全性高,能有效降低胃及大肠癌术后复发及腹腔内转移,并对术前已有腹腔内转移者能抑制肿瘤生长速度,延长患者生存     

Matching of a DC motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-upconverter with a current-locked loop

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maximum-power point varies with solar insolation, it is difficult to achieve an optimum matching that is valid for all insolation levels. In this paper it is shown that for maximum power, the generator current must be directly proportional to insolation. This remarkable property is utilized to achieve insolation-independent optimum matching. A shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump is supplied from a PV generator via a step-up converter whose duty ratio is controlled using a current-locked feedback loop     

Natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal cylinder and a sphere in a porous medium

The problem of natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal isothermal cylinder and an isothermal sphere in the porous medium is considered. The present study is based on the boundary layer approximation and only suitable for a high Rayleigh number. Similarity solutions are obtained by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the wall temperature T_W and the new power-law index n on the characteristics of heat transfer are discussed.     

Coupling a two-temperature model and a one-temperature model at a fluid-porous interface

We study a convective heat transfer problem in a fluid-porous domain in the case of the local thermal non-equilibrium assumption (LTNE). The issue of this study is to determine appropriate boundary conditions to model heat transfer, while using models with a different number of equations: a two-temperature model in the homogeneous porous region versus a one-temperature model in the free region. To proceed, a two-step up-scaling approach is used, which has the particularity to provide closed jump relations depending on intrinsic characteristic of the interface. Thus, the use of jump or continuity conditions depend only on the interface location inside the fluid-porous transition region. The pertinence of the approach is illustrated on a 2D convective heat transfer problem considering a solid heat source in the porous medium.     

Studies on a two-staged micro-combustor for a micro-reformer integrated with a micro-evaporator

A new micro-combustor configuration for a micro fuel-cell reformer integrated with a micro-evaporator is studied experimentally and computationally. The micro-combustor as a heat source is designed for a 10–15 W micro-reformer using the steam reforming method. In order to satisfy the primary requirements for designing a micro-combustor integrated with a micro-evaporator, i.e., stable burning in a small confinement and maximum heat transfer through a wall, the present micro-combustor is a simply cylinder, which is easy to fabricate, but is two-staged (expanding downstream) to control ignition and stable burning. The aspect ratio and wall thickness of the micro-combustor substantially affect ignition and thermal characteristics. For optimized design conditions, a pre-mixed micro-flame is easily ignited in the expanded second-stage combustor, moves into the smaller first-stage combustor, and finally is stabilized therein. The measured and predicted temperature distributions across the micro-combustor walls indicate that heat generated in the micro-combustor is well transferred. Thus, the present micro-combustor configuration can be applied to practical micro-reformers integrated with a micro-evaporator for use with fuel cells.     

Using a fin with a parabolic concentrator

The consequences of using a fin collector in focusing solar collectors is examined and is found to have merits.     

Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel

The bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.     

Comparative analysis of a Sisko nanofluid over a stretching cylinder through a porous medium

The present article examines the Sisko nanofluid flow and heat transfer through a porous medium due to a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model for nanofluids. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the governing boundary layer equations of fluid flow into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method is used to solve coupled nonlinear differential equations with MATLAB software. The impact of different parameters viz., the Sisko material parameter, porosity parameter, curvature parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian diffusion parameter on the velocity and temperature distribution are presented graphically. Moreover, the effect of the involved parameters on the heat transfer rate is also studied and presented through table values. It is noticed from the numerical values that the porosity parameter reduces the velocity while enhancing the temperature. The curvature parameter enhances the velocity throughout the fluid regime and reduces the temperature near the surface while enhancing the temperature far away from the surface. The study reveals that the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion parameters that characterize the nanofluid flow reduce the wall heat transfer rate, while the curvature parameter enhances it. This investigation of wall heating/cooling has essential applications in solar porous water absorber systems, chemical engineering, metallurgy, material processing, and so forth.     

Exploration of heat transfer effect in a magnetohydrodynamics flow of a micropolar fluid between a porous and a nonporous disk

An analysis is carried out for the flow characteristics of a conducting micropolar fluid. The fluid was passed in between two parallel disks of infinite radii. The novelty of the study is to consider one of the disks as porous and the other one as nonporous, and the external magnetic field is applied along the transverse direction of the flow. The flow phenomena for the polar fluid characterized by the magnetic effect in conjunction with the temperature equation reduce to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the requisite transformations and nondimensionalization. An analytical approach such as the variation parameter method is employed to tackle the system efficiently. To emphasize the effect of various physical parameters contributing to the flow phenomena, that is, non-zero tangential slip, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, and material parameter on the flow profiles of axial and radial velocities, the microrotation and temperature profiles are presented graphically. To validate the simulated results, a comparison with established results is made, and it is concluded that both are in good correlation.