混凝-活性炭吸附处理印染废水的试验研究

利用混凝-活性炭吸附法处理印染废水,研究混凝过程pH,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量,搅拌时间,沉淀时间和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量对印染废水COD,色度的去除率的影响。考察了吸附过程中溶液pH和吸附剂投加量等因素对印染废水COD,色度去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。结果表明:COD和色度的去除率分别达92.5%,93.7%。     

Energy and water conservation through recycle of dyeing wastewater using dynamic Zr(IV)-PAA membranes

The textile dyeing operations consumes large amounts of process water and thermal energy. The wastewater resulting from these operations contains various types of contaminants of organic and inorganic origin. This wastewater has an above average temperature. The possibility of renovating and recycling a major portion of this wastewater would reduce the water and energy consumption by these dyeing operations.This paper presents pilot plant test results of using Zr(IV)-PAA dynamic RO membrane modules for treating dyeing wastewater. Using these results, a mathematical model was presented to evaluate the design parameters and economic feasibility of a 1000 m³/day plant for treating and recycling dyeing wastewater. The economic results show that a net profit could be obtained by recycling product water.     

Application of membrane processes in closing of water cycle in a textile dye-house

In this study, investigations were made to close water cycle in dye-houses. At the first stage, optimum operation conditions of a membrane nanofiltration were determined. Experiments were carried out for DL membranes (Osmonics, USA). The effect of temperature, pressure and pH was investigated. Investigations were performed for different types of real wastewater produced in a laboratory-scale Pyrotec S dyeing apparatus (Roaches) for various types of reactive dyes. An over 90% dye hold-up was obtained for all dye baths.At the final stage of the experiments, dyeing processes were carried out with the use of a filtrate from nanofiltration as water applied for dyeing, rinsing and washing after dyeing. In cooperation with the Technical University of Lodz, we have managed to apply biological degradation of the concentrate, carried out in two different reactor systems.     

构型限制Co-P催化剂的设计合成及对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

光催化氧化降解印染废水中的污染物具有广阔的应用前景和重大现实意义,本文对构型限制Co-P化合物进行了设计合成,采用常规溶液反应法制备Co-P化合物光催化剂,并以亚甲基蓝模拟高浓度印染废水中的污染物,通过考察催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解来评估催化剂的活性。考察了金属配比、催化剂用量、催化时间、催化温度对催化效果的影响。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜等手段对催化剂进行了分析表征,结果表明：Co²⁺与有机膦成功配位,所制得的沉淀中主要含Co-P化合物,还含有少量的有机膦和其他杂质,Co-P化合物晶体间有许多孔状结构,对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附和光降解效果;最佳催化剂制备原料比例为：1.4-（双二苯基膦）丁烷∶六水合氯化钴为2∶1;最佳催化条件为最佳催化剂用量50mg,最佳光照时间3h,最佳催化温度50℃,在本次研究的最佳条件下污染物降解率可达15.45%,即4.6mg/L,以Ⅲ级废水中染料浓度约为5mg/L计算,其降解率达92%以上,可望在印染废水污染物降解中得到广泛应用。     

撞击流反应器处理含苯酚废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,用撞击流反应器对模拟含苯酚废水进行了萃取除酚的研究。在相同条件下,与传统反应器相比,撞击流反应器单级萃取分配比可提高约20%。通过实验得到撞击流反应器适宜的操作条件,在此条件下除酚率在95%以上。     

膜+冷冻结晶+MVR集成技术在印染废水“零排放”中的中试研究

以江苏某印染企业印染废水生化二级出水为对象,探讨膜+冷冻结晶+MVR集成技术在印染废水"零排放"中的技术可行性,为印染废水深度处理提供技术参考。结果表明:在进水COD、色度、pH、电导率、硬度、Fe^2+/3+分别为67.5 mg/L、202倍、7.5、12 756μS/cm、120 mg/L、1.535 mg/L时,回用水COD、色度、pH、电导率、硬度、Fe^2+/3+分别为0.52 mg/L、0倍、8.25、410μS/cm、0.57 mg/L、0 mg/L,6项指标均达到回用水水质要求。冷冻结晶获得的Na₂SO₄·10H₂O经处理得到无水硫酸钠产品,经检测其白度84,纯度98.5%,产品达到《工业无水硫酸钠》(GB-T-6009-2014)Ⅱ类一等品要求。以6 000 m³/d处理规模计算,吨水运行费用4.452元,每年可节约用水194万吨。     

生物絮凝剂F-12处理染料废水的研究

从活性污泥中筛选得到一株生物絮凝剂产生菌,该菌能够利用玉米淀粉废水作为培养基生产生物絮凝剂,所产絮凝剂命名为F-12。将F-12用于染料废水脱色,研究了F-12加入量、助凝剂、pH、搅拌时间及静置时间等条件对脱色效果的影响。试验结果表明,F-12对染料废水有良好的处理效果,最优脱色条件为：1 L废水中加入0.2 mL F-12和0.2 g CaCl2、体系pH 6.0,200 r/min搅拌1 min,60 r/min搅拌3 min,静置10 min。在此条件下,F-12对氧化铁红废水的脱色率达到95.02%。     

COD/SO42-对含硫酸盐印染废水厌氧处理的影响

利用复合式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR),以某生产全棉机织布的印染厂含硫酸盐印染废水作为原水,在温度为30～40℃,水力停留时间HRT=24 h条件下,研究了m(COD)∶m(SO42-)变化对HABR处理效能的影响。结果表明m(COD)∶m(SO42-)>3时,系统运行状况良好,COD、硫酸盐去除率均较高;当m(COD)∶m(SO42-)≤3时,系统运行效果较差。     

涤纶织带涂料轧染染色工艺

本文探讨了涤纶织带涂料轧染染色工艺中发色温度、粘合剂用量、助剂用量、轧辊压力对染色性能的影响。实验结果表明,涂料轧染染色时涂料用量宜小于20 g/L、粘合剂用量40 g/L、分散剂用量8 g/L、防泳移剂用量15 g/L,轧辊压力0.2 MPa,发色温度160℃,发色时间2分钟,涤纶织带的色牢度指标和染色匀染性较好。涂料轧染染色较热熔染色每天(20小时计算)可减少水、电、汽总成本1494元,同时污水排放减少20吨,对开发涤纶织带的生态染色技术具有重要作用。     

Optimal operation of extractive distillation in different batch configurations

Optimal operations of extractive distillation for regular and middle-vase1 batch columns are presented based on a profit function. Detailed models are used for the rigorous dynamic optimization considering all operational decision variables, including reflux ratio, solvent feed rate, heat duties, and possible product withdrawals during the process. Optimal feed distribution and stream configuration at the middle section of the middle-vessel column are investigated. Separation of a minimum boiling azeotropic binary mixture (acetone and methanol using water as solvent) involving different separation duties and feed compositions is presented as a case study. The pereformanance of the middle-vessel column is signicantly influenced by the middle-section stream configuration, with the best profit when the stream configuration is allowed to vary during the operation. The optimal operating policy for the middle-vessel column involved the feed being charged mainly to the reboiler still with low holdup in the middle vessel during the operation.     

生物絮凝剂F-12处理染料废水的研究

从活性污泥中筛选得到一株生物絮凝剂产生菌,该菌能够利用玉米淀粉废水作为培养基生产生物絮凝剂,所产絮凝剂命名为F-12。将F-12用于染料废水脱色,研究了F-12加入量、助凝剂、pH、搅拌时间及静置时间等条件对脱色效果的影响。试验结果表明,F-12对染料废水有良好的处理效果,最优脱色条件为：1L废水中加入0．2mLF-12和O．2gCaCl2、体系pH6．0,200r／min搅拌1min,60r／min搅拌3min,静置10min。在此条件下,F—12对氧化铁红废水的脱色率达到95．02％。     

生态碳纤维复合填料生物反应器处理印染废水

采用一种生态碳纤维复合材料作为填料,应用于水解酸化-生物接触氧化-活性炭生物反应器处理印染废水,考察了反应器水力停留时间、曝气量对有机物降解的影响。结果表明：水解酸化水力停留时间、接触氧化水力停留时间和气水比的最优值分别为10 h、12 h和28∶1。在最佳参数下运行,COD、氨氮、色度的去除率分别达到85.8%、86.1%、80.6%,出水水质达到纺织染整工业水污染物排放二级标准。镜检表明生态碳纤维复合填料表面生物相长势良好,具有较好的生物相容性。     

高岭土负载HPCS-MA对亚甲基蓝废水的絮凝性能

以羟丙基壳聚糖（HPCS）、马来酸酐（MA）为原料合成N-马来酰化羟丙基壳聚糖（HPCS-MA）。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）对其结构进行表征。考察了缚酸剂三乙胺用量、反应温度、反应时间及马来酸酐用量对产物羧基含量及特性黏数的影响。结果表明：在缚酸剂用量为5g，反应温度65℃，反应时间6h，马来酸酐用量为4.5g的条件下，产物的羧基含量和特性黏数均达到较佳值，为83.50%和211.96mL/g。利用高岭土负载HPCS-MA处理亚甲基蓝印染废水，研究了pH、投加量、絮凝温度、初始浊度对亚甲基蓝染料脱色性能的影响。结果表明，在亚甲基蓝浓度为3×10^-5mol/L的印染废水中，HPCS-MA絮凝脱色的适宜条件为：pH为1～5，投加量为4～8mg/L，温度为20～25℃，浊度为200～400NTU，在此条件下色度去除率均在96.5%以上。     

絮凝-O/A/O-絮凝工艺处理印染废水

印染废水由于色度高、水质变化大、生化性差等特点,是当前工业废水处理的难点和焦点之一。采用絮凝-O/A/O-絮凝工艺处理印染废水,经过一年的实际运行,结果如下:其中CODCr、色度、SS、氨氮的平均去除率分别为97.1%、87.5%、95.2%、87.2%以上,出水达到《纺织染整工业水污染排放标准》(GB4287-92)的一级标准。该工艺具有运行稳定、耐冲击负荷能力强、难降解的有机物去除效果好,在印染废水处理中具有明显优势。     

微生物絮凝剂用于染料废水脱色及其动力学研究

从活性污泥中筛选出的一株微生物絮凝荆产生菌,在优化培养条件下所产微生物絮凝剂命名为M-127.将M-127用于染料废水脱色,实验结果表明,废水脱色的最佳条件是:100 mL染料废水中加入0.2 mL M-127和2.0mL CaCL2、体系pH值6.0,200 r/min搅拌1 min,60 r/min搅拌3min,静置15 min.M-127对染料废水的脱色率达到93.88%,同时m还研究了M-127在最佳条件下的脱色动力学m并得到了脱色动力学经验方程.     

印染废水处理工艺的改进

印染废水水质变化大、色度高,直接生物处理难度大,单一生化处理工艺难以达到排放要求.采用铁屑内电解-生化工艺对浙江某印染厂废水处理系统进行改进,内电解预处理大大提高了废水的可生化性,最终生化段出水CODCr去除率达到90%,色度去除率达到95%以上.铁屑内电解-生化工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、设备简单、操作管理方便、能耗低等特点,是处理印染废水的有效方法之一.     

几种印染废水的预处理研究

印染废水中含有大量的难生物降解物质,增设预处理工艺可降低废水有机物含量,并提高废水的生化性。对几种新的印染工艺产生的废水特点进行了分析,提出了对应的预处理方法。试验或运行经验表明,对退浆、染整、碱减量以及蜡印废水先经预处理后,再与其它废水混合,经后续生物处理,最终出水基本上都能达到纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准的二级标准。     

Application of Minihydrocyclones in Methanol‐to‐Olefin Process Wastewater Treatment

A significant amount of wastewater containing fine catalyst particles is produced in the methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) process, which restricts the long‐period operation of the processing unit. To address this key problem, a minihydrocyclone was designed for MTO wastewater treatment and tested in the laboratory. Good separation performance and a small cut diameter were achieved under certain feed conditions. Furthermore, a group composed of 300 parallel‐arranged minihydrocyclones was applied to the industrial unit in the MTO quench water treatment. The obtained results indicated that the separation efficiency and precision of the minihydrocyclone can meet the requirements of fine catalyst particle separation, and the designed minihydrocyclone group with reasonable parallel configuration exerted an outstanding application effect on the treatment of MTO quench water.     

膜生物反应器处理印染废水工艺条件的研究现状

膜生物反应器(MBR)是近年来发展的废水处理新技术,其对印染废水有着较好的处理效果,在印染废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.本文概述了MBR在印染废水处理方面的研究和应用,重点阐述了MBR处理印染废水的各个工艺条件及其对出水水质和膜污染的影响,并对MBR应用于印染废水处理的前景进行了展望.     

Controlling biofilm development in the extractive membrane bioreactor

The extractive membrane bioreactor can be used as a treatment of difficult organics in hostile wastewater. In this study, it was applied to phenol-contaminated saline water, where phenol is extracted from the feed stream through a dense membrane to the bioprocess, which is principally a biofilm on the downstream side of the membrane. Our study shows that uncontrolled biofilm growth (after 14 days of crossflow operation) can result in 42% reduction in phenol mass transfer. Biofilm control strategies such as reducing the inorganic loading rate and adopting a submerged aerated configuration to encourage membrane scouring were assessed in this study and limited the phenol mass transfer reduction to 13%.