液压抽油机动态功率匹配研究

基于二次调节技术蓄能器储能式液压抽油机在工作时,悬点速度不稳定,与负载液压缸相连的变量泵/马达输入或输出的功率和与蓄能器相连的变量泵/马达输出或输入的功率不匹配,导致电机功率不稳定,甚至电机反转。根据系统能量转化关系提出基于前馈控制的动态功率补偿原则,仿真结果表明:两个周期内电机功率波动减小,且在悬点速度变化过程中不会逆向运转向电网供电,实现了与蓄能器相连的变量泵/马达排量自适应调节。抽油机悬点载荷受随机的不确定干扰时,采用降维观测器重构负载扰动,并通过前馈控制消除负载扰动对系统输出的影响。仿真结果表明:该控制减小抽油杆速度的超调量,提高了速度稳态精度,实现了与负载液压缸相连的变量泵/马达排量自适应调节。     

多油缸同步的有效办法——齿轮马达驱动分流器

对于工作台长距离的上升或下降,可采用两个单作用的、3级伸缩油缸,要使工作台在上升或下降时保持水平,油缸伸缩时必须同步。使用齿轮马达分流器可保证油缸的同步,另外,不管有没有负载,平台动作的循环时间应保持恒定。在此例子里,平台重1000kg,负载重9000kg。根据经验,我们知道单作用伸缩油缸返回非常慢,特别是在冷天和轻负载下。这个问题的解决就是使返回行程的流量经过齿轮式的流量分配器。     

压裂液连续混配石油设备液压系统分析与优化

压裂液连续混配常规采用阀前负载敏感液压系统作为其液压动力系统,由于混配施工工艺不断改良细化,在大扭矩工况下多马达复合动作,液压系统流量饱和情况下流量优先向轻载分配。为解决这一问题,优选阀后负载敏感液压系统,在流量供给不足情况下,同比减少各负载流量供给,实现马达同步动作。基于AMESim仿真软件,分别搭建连续混配设备阀前及阀后负载敏感液压系统仿真模型,得到泵与马达压力、流量及功率变化曲线。仿真结果表明:阀后负载敏感系统中,负载敏感泵输出功率始终与负载所需功率相匹配;系统流量充足时,泵输出流量始终随着系统所需流量的变化而变化;系统流量不足时,阀后负载敏感阀可以实现流量共享,各马达负载同步动作。实验结果表明：仿真与实验数据差距小于3%,阀后负载敏感系统可以按照阀口开度比例分配各路负载流量,实现各负载平稳动作。     

用于被动式电液负载仿真台的一种新型套装组合马达

本文介绍一种用于被动式电液负载仿真台新型套装组合马达。该马达采用套装组合结构及位置同步补偿方式，对舵机位置扰动的补偿具有独特的优点，从而能够较理想地克服负载仿真台的多余力矩和提高系统的控制性能。     

电液伺服系统中的消隙传动

引言在电液伺服系统中最常用的轴向柱塞式液压马达的输出力矩较小,而额定转速为每分钟几千转。然而,负载所要求的最高转速仅每分钟几转。为了拖动负载按所要求的转速运动,在液压马达和负载之间就设有一个速比很大的减速器,它一方面进行力矩放大,使马达能拖动负载,另一方面将液压马达的速度减到负载所要求的速度。这种动力减速器,它不象数据传递齿轮一样,仅传递很小的力矩,而可以用弹簧叉开齿轮的办     

高性能锻造操作机液压控制系统技术原理

高性能锻造操作机主泵采用并联工作方式,并配置大容量蓄能器,泵与蓄能器同时为执行机构供液,提高执行机构的响应速度并降低系统装机功率;采用无侧隙启停技术实现大质量车体的平稳启停、精确定位;采用钳杆负载自适应缓冲技术实现锻造过程中夹持锻件与压机同步;采用双速液压马达实现高力矩—低速度,或低力矩—高速度工作要求。     

液压马达平衡回路制动特性分析

液压马达平衡回路在制动过程中,马达回油腔的压力与负载的质量、回油腔的容积和马达开始制动时负载的运动速度有关。带有大惯量的液压马达平衡回路如果在较高的速度下制动,将在马达回油腔形成过高的压力,进而损坏设备,并有可能造成严重事故。本文用工业现场的典型故障验证了上述分析结果,并给出了消除这类典型故障的解决方案。     

单轨吊起吊马达先导式电液比例同步控制仿真分析

为了克服单轨吊偏载起吊和负载波动工况,提高设备的安全性,提出一种单轨吊起吊马达Fuzzy-PID同步控制系统。分析该系统液压工作原理,选择主从同步控制策略;在AMESim和Simulink中建模;进行联合仿真,并与PID进行比较,分析系统的同步性和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明：单轨吊起吊马达采用Fuzzy-PID是切实可行的,与PID相比具有响应速度快,超调量小,鲁棒性好的优点。Fuzzy-PID在偏载起吊时,系统在08 s内达到稳定转速,相对于PID提高了42.1%;最大同步误差为35 r/min,相对于PID降低了27.1%;稳定后同步误为0.6 r/min,相对于PID降低了40%。负载波动时,系统在0.4 s内达到稳定转速,相对于PID提高了429%;最大同步误差为13 r/min,相对于PID降低了9%。故Fuzzy-PID可以有效解决起吊马达偏载起吊和负载波动工况,能保证单轨吊起吊动作平稳、同步、安全进行。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的锻造操作机夹钳旋转系统的负载压力估计

针对液压系统状态测量成本过高以及某些状态无法测量的问题,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对锻造操作机夹钳旋转液压系统的马达负载压力进行估计。首先,建立液压系统的三阶非线性状态空间模型,介绍扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法流程。然后,以系统输入电压和液压马达速度作为算法输入,通过卡尔曼滤波器估计液压驱动器负载压力状态。Matlab仿真结果显示压力估计误差为0.22%,表明该方法可以精确估计马达负载压力。最后,以1 t锻造操作机夹钳旋转液压驱动系统进行负载压力估计实验,实验在位置控制和速度跟踪两种情况下进行。结果表明,该方法不仅可以准确估计系统负载压力,还能对实际测量有一定的滤波作用。     

基于AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真的采棉头液压系统设计

为解决采棉机采棉头液压马达由于负载不断变化引起的转速不稳定和不同步的问题,采用AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真的方法,对采棉头液压系统进行了AMESim液压系统建模,在施加不断变化的负载情况下进行PID控制和模糊自整定PID控制仿真。结果表明:施加PID控制要比不施加任何控制的液压马达转速更加稳定,转速更加趋近于设定值;模糊自整定PID和PID控制都可以使液压马达转速趋近于设定值,但模糊自整定PID控制比PID的控制马达同步精度更高。     

Reactive HVOF sprayed TiN-matrix composite coating and its corrosion and wear resistance properties

TiN-matrix composite coating was prepared on 45# steel by reactive high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. Its microstructure, phase composition, micro-hardness, corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution and wear resistance were analyzed. The results suggest that the TiN-matrix composite coating is well bonded with the substrate. The micro-hardness measured decreases with the increase of applied test loads. And the micro-hardness of the coating under heavy loads is relatively high. The TiN-matrix composite coating exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion potential of coating is positive and the passivation zone is broad, which indicates that the TiN-matrix composite coating is stable in the electrolyte and provides excellent protection to the substrate. The wear coefficient of the coating under all loads maintains at 0.49–0.50. The wear mechanism of the coating is revealed to be three-body abrasive wear. Yet the failure forms of TiN-matrix composite coating under different loads have an obvious difference. The failure form of coating under light loads is particle spallation due to the stress concentration while that of coating under heavy loads is cracking between inter-lamellae.     

车辆轮荷动态测试系统研究

为了获取车辆行驶时车轮的动态垂直载荷,设计一种车辆轮荷动态测试系统,详细介绍该系统的硬件和软件,并在特定试验路面上进行了测试,解决了因传感器无法安装在车轮上动态获取实时车轮载荷的难题.     

泡沫材料在剪切载荷作用下的力学关系推演和分析

泡沫金属是一种兼具功能和结构双重属性的优秀工程材料,在作为工程构件时就可能遇到剪切载荷的作用。探讨泡沫材料在剪切载荷作用下其构件内部的力学行为,采用隔离分析的简单方式,通过数理推演得出此种承载状态下的力学关系表征。结果显示,泡沫金属材料受到剪切载荷作用而产生破坏时,其构件内部的最大名义切应力大小可用多孔体的孔率以及泡沫金属材料本身固有的特性参量来描述。通过这种数理关系,直接便捷得到该材料在此时的强度判据。     

Magnetoelastic Demagnetization of Steel under Cyclic Loading

Magnetoelastic demagnetization of steel samples under cyclic tensile loads has been analyzed. It has been established that values of residual magnetization that correspond to peak loads are characterized by the power-law dependence on the number of loading cycles. In some cases, in the region of high loads, the qualitative transition to exponential dependence has been observed. Coefficients of the power-law approximation of peak magnetization depend on the value of amplitude load and have specific characteristics in the vicinity of characteristic loads. The ratios of approximated slide load coefficients depending on the load are common for the three considered samples, and there is an outburst in the vicinity of the fatigue limit, which can be used as the basis for developing the rapid nondestructive method for determination of this limit.     

柔性机械臂关节刚度的一种间接测量方法

给出一种分析柔性机械臂关节刚度的间接测量方法。该方法在机械臂末端执行件上的不同位置加载,测量载荷与载荷方向上的位移数据,然后使用有限元方法计算不含关节时结构对应点的载荷、位移关系,从测量结果中排除不含关节时的位移。利用这些仅包含关节信息的载荷和位移数据通过求解一个线性方程组,可以得到各个关节的刚度数据。最后通过一个实际的例子,说明了该方法的有效性。     

双周疲劳载荷作用下焊接接头线性累计损伤分析

采用自制的超声频分量双周疲劳(CCF)试验装置,对16Mn的焊接接头试件进行低频疲劳载荷与超声频分量(高频)载荷复合加载,采用线性累计损伤理论来估算双周疲劳载荷作用下16Mn对接接头的疲劳寿命,并计算两个疲劳载荷分量各自造成的累计损伤比例.结果表明,使用Miner法则计算双周疲劳试件的疲劳累积损伤时,如果高低周疲劳载荷只是简单按照比例计算,会严重低估两个分量疲劳载荷之间的耦合作用;而低周疲劳载荷按外包络线计算的方法则能够很好的考虑到高低周疲劳载荷间的耦合作用.     

CuAlBi合金摩擦磨损性能的研究

采用MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机测试了QuAlBi合金在不同载荷和摩擦速度下摩擦系数的变化规律，并测出各对应条件下的磨损量。结果表明：合金的摩擦系数随载荷的增加先减小再增大，随着速度的增加而减小；其磨损量随速度、载荷的增加而增大。犁沟是主要的磨损失效形式。     

In-situ observation of hardmetal deformation processes by transmission electron microscopy. Part II: Deformation caused by tensile loads

In the 1st part of this article, hardmetal deformation processes caused by bending loads were examined in-situ by transmission electron microscopy. The major objective of this work is to examine hardmetal deformation processes in special thin hardmetal samples as a result of applying tensile loads in-situ directly in a transmission electron microscope with the aid of the push-to-pull method. Applying tensile loads to the samples results in the plastic deformation of the Co-based binder phase leading to the formation of different crystal lattice defects in the binder. Force-time and displacement-time curves recorded when loading the samples and maintaining the loads provide evidence for continuous processes of the formation and movement of crystal lattice defects, presumably dislocations, in the WC phase and Co-based binder leading to a high rate of the binder plastic deformation. After increasing the tensile loads up to a certain level leading to the severe plastic deformation of the binder phase, the samples suddenly fail as a result of the crack initiation and propagation at WC-Co interfaces. Presence of cobalt on the WC surface after the cracking suggests that the cracks propagate through the binder region adjacent to the interface rather than through the interface itself.     

凸轮轴三点弯曲断裂载荷与挠度的关系研究

使用WE-500型液压式万能拉伸试验机测定了1AE6半激冷合金铸铁凸轮轴的三点弯曲断裂载荷,研究了其三点弯曲断裂载荷和挠度之间的关系。研究表明:(1)不同炉次的凸轮轴的三点弯曲断裂载荷存在一定的分散性;(2)凸轮轴的三点弯曲断裂载荷与挠度之间存在正相关关系,凸轮轴中含有适量碳化物对其强度和挠度都是有益的。     

Application of thermally sprayed coatings of the type WC/CoCr in reverse osmosis processes for seawater desalination

Seawater desalination based on the reverse osmosis process requires a variety of hydraulic systems. The material concepts of these hydraulic systems are designed to reliably resist the corrosive properties of seawater and brine as well as the tribological loads. Strong tribological loads typically occur during the start‐up and shutdown of multi‐stage high‐pressure pumps. Thermally sprayed coatings can be used to increase the wear resistance and also the tribological properties of bearings. Also in pressure exchangers for energy recovery, high tribological loads occur on the surfaces of rotors which operate with a clearance gap of 40–100 µm. Today, thermally sprayed coatings are used for the surface protection of these rotors. To resist the various tribological loads, the material pairs are optimized for each case. Thermally sprayed coatings with high surface hardness have proven to be particularly successful. A coating system, based on a CoCr matrix, has been developed especially for these applications.