聚乙二醇600和草酸对中空纤维超滤膜结构和性能的影响

通过考察添加剂PEG600和草酸对杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）中空纤维超滤膜结构和分离性能的影响，发现：PEG600的加入不会改变膜的内部结构，均为指状结构，随着PEG600浓度的增加，膜致密层厚度逐渐增加。膜的水通量和截留率随有机添加剩PEG600的浓度变化规律性不强。随小分子添加剂草酸浓度的提高，膜结构逐渐由指状结构转变成海绵状结构，PPESK中空纤维超滤膜的纯水通量逐渐上升，截留率呈波浪形变化。比较不同凝胶浴温度下的膜分离性能可以看到，凝胶浴温度提高可以显著提升膜的纯水通量。     

PVPK30和Tween80对中空纤维超滤膜结构和性能的影响

通过考察添加剂-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPK30）和Tween80对杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮（PPESK）中空纤维超滤膜结构和分离性能的影响，发现：随高分子添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30浓度的升高，膜水通量减小，截留率基本无变化，膜结构逐渐由指状结构转变成海绵状结构。有机大分子添加剂Tween80可以提高膜的水通量，但膜结构不随添加剂浓度而改变，均为指状结构。当Tween80浓度小于5wt％时，随Tween80浓度的增加，膜水通量升高，截留率下降。比较不同凝胶浴温度下的膜分离性能可以看到，凝胶浴温度提高可以显著提升膜的纯水通量。     

添加剂对聚醚砜酮超滤膜结构和性能的影响

在杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)铸膜液中,分别添加磺化聚醚砜酮(SPPESK)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、有机小分子和无机盐添加剂,采用相转化法制备了聚醚砜酮超滤膜,并通过扫描电镜和超滤性能测试考察了不同添加剂对超滤膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,SPPESK的加入提高了膜的亲水性和孔隙率,使膜的渗透性显著提高。有机高分子添加剂PEG的加入,使膜亚层指状孔结构向海绵状孔结构转变。改善了孔道的连通性,提高了膜的亲水性和孔隙率,使膜的纯水通量增加而截留率略有下降。含有羟基的醇类和酸类小分子添加剂有助于纯水通量的提高。无机盐添加剂起到成孔和增溶聚合物的作用。在保持截留率相对较高的条件下,LiCl和ZnCl2可以提高膜的纯水通量。FeCl2在成膜过程中发生水解氧化,部分铁均匀分布在膜三维空间中,与聚合物相互作用,改善膜的结构和性能。     

低截留分子质量新型聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜的研制

以新型聚芳醚腈酮为膜材料 ,以N -甲基 - 2 -吡咯烷酮 (NMP)为溶剂 ,研究了聚合物浓度、添加剂种类及含量、凝胶浴温度等对超滤膜性能的影响。结果表明 ,聚合物质量分数以 1 2 %～ 1 3 %为合适的制膜浓度 ,以聚乙二醇PEG - 4 0 0为添加剂时获得了高截留率和高水通量的超滤膜。随着凝胶浴温度的升高 ,水通量明显增大 ,而截留率有所下降 ,而共聚物的浓度增加则有相反的效果。制得的超滤膜具有较低的截留分子量 (PEG- 2 0 0 0 ) ,将制得的超滤膜用于达旦黄、黄X-G等染料的分离 ,截留率均达 90 %以上     

氯甲基化/季铵化新型聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜的研制

本文对含二氮杂萘结构聚芳醚砜酮进行改性制得氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮。选用N-甲基一2-吡咯烷酮作制膜溶剂，依据正交设计方法制得了一系列氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。考察了聚合物浓度、添加剂种类和添加量以及制膜蒸发时间等对膜性能的影响。将氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜浸入三甲胺溶液进行季铵化反应，得季铵化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。并考察了膜的抗污染性。     

新型聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜污染与膜阻力研究

采用新型聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)超滤膜为分离介质,以炼油污水为研究对象,测定了膜污染和膜阻力.结果表明,PPESK超滤膜在100 kPa下的初始通量为480 L·m-2·h-1,自身阻力为0.78mm-1;在超滤膜运行过程中,溶液通量随运行时间呈指数衰减,通量衰减由60%增加到95%时,膜污染阻力由0.69nm-1增大到5.68 nm-1,膜污染阻力占总阻力的分数从43.95%增大到86.72%,其中不可逆膜污染阻力大小为0.20nm-1.PPESK超滤膜对迭标炼油污水过滤时,因膜污染造成通量衰减,经化学清洗能够得到较大程度的恢复.     

非溶剂添加剂对聚醚砜酮中空纤维纳滤膜结构和性能的影响

以新型杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)为膜材料,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,乙二醇甲醚(EGME)、冰醋酸(AA)以及AA/EGME作为复合添加剂,采用干-湿相转化技术制备了中空纤维非对称纳滤膜,重点考察了非溶剂添加剂对中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明非溶剂添加剂的加入导致了中空纤维膜孔结构由指状转变为海绵状,从而引起中空纤维膜性能的变化。当聚合物质量分数为23%,铸膜液溶剂体系为m(AA)∶m(EGME)∶m(NMP)=5.7∶16.5∶54.8时,中空纤维膜对PEG600的截留率高于96%,纯水通量为211 L/(m2.h)。     

PPESK耐高温自润滑耐磨涂料的研制

含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构的聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)是一种具有优异耐热性能的可溶性聚芳醚树脂,综合性能优异,具有很好的应用前景。以PPESK为基料,加入适量聚四氟乙烯、碳化硅为填料,制备了一种具有耐高温、自润滑性能的耐磨涂料。研究了不同添加剂、不同负载对磨损失量的影响。结果显示,PPESK耐磨涂料在1 250 N负载、10 000 r/min时的磨损失质量为0.012 1 g,摩擦系数为Us=0.196、Ud=0.146,铅笔硬度大于5H,是一种性能优异的工业耐磨涂料。     

新型聚芳醚腈酮中空纤维超滤膜的研究

以含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈酮(PPENK)为膜材料,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,采用干-湿相转化法制备了中空纤维超滤膜.考察了聚合物浓度、添加剂含量以及纺丝过程中空气间隙、凝胶浴温度和纤维壁厚对膜结构及性能的影响.结果表明,当聚合物浓度为13%,添加剂EgOH含量α=0.9时,膜通量可达770 L·m-2·h-1,对BSA的截留率在90%以上;增大空气间隙可使膜的截留性能提高,但膜通量有所下降,最佳空气间隙为5～8cm;凝胶浴温度的升高增大了膜的通量,截留率下降幅度不大,凝胶浴温度宜控制在21～25℃范围内;纤维壁厚在0.15～0.18 mm时膜性能最佳.     

含芳杂环结构的新型环氧树脂的合成及表征

以 4,4’ -二氯二苯砜、 4,4’二氟二苯酮和 4- (4 -羟基苯基 ) - 2 ,3-二氮杂萘 - 1-酮为原料 ,经亲核取代逐步聚合反应制得了分子主链中含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚醚砜酮低聚物 (PPESK) ,然后与环氧氯丙烷反应制得所需分子质量的环氧树脂。用FT -IR和1H -NMR表征了分子链结构 ,并测试了聚合物的溶解性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。