基于不同原始组织预设变形第四代单晶高温合金的再结晶行为

第四代单晶高温合金标准热处理试样和铸态试样压痕后分别在1100,1150,1200,1250,1300℃和1340℃退火处理,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子背散射仪研究不同条件的再结晶组织。结果表明:1100,1150,1200℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都出现胞状再结晶。1250℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都为混合再结晶。1300℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样再结晶组织全部为等轴再结晶,而铸态试样仍为混合再结晶。1340℃退火处理后,标准热处理试样和铸态试样都形成了等轴再结晶。随着退火温度升高,标准热处理试样和铸态试样的再结晶层深度明显增加,标准热处理试样再结晶深度明显大于铸态试样,相同条件下标准热处理试样的再结晶晶粒更容易长大。再结晶与基体的界面为小角度晶界、大角度晶界,而再结晶晶粒之间为小角度晶界、大角度晶界和孪晶界。孪晶在单晶高温合金再结晶的过程中发挥了重要作用。     

S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢高温氧化行为及涂层防护研究

目的 通过研究高温氧化特征,定量分析抗氧化涂层对S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢在热处理过程中氧化速率的影响。方法 通过热重分析实验测定S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢恒温氧化增量曲线,调查试样在不同温度下退火过程中的氧化烧损现象,并分析退火试样的纵截面氧化层微观形貌。结果 实验结果显示,当加热温度达到1 300℃后,试样的氧化增量曲线由原先的抛物线规律逐渐向线性规律转变。由于MoO₃易于挥发,造成了试样高温氧化烧损严重。当退火温度为1 220℃时,试样在空气中的平均单面烧损速率约为4.0μm/h;而当使用抗氧化涂层后,平均单面烧损速率降至3.2μm/h,涂层防护效果显著。试样在1220℃下退火时生成的氧化层可分为2层,分别是Cr、Fe氧化物组成的内氧化层和Fe氧化物组成的外氧化层。结论 研究结果证明,抗氧化涂层能够显著降低S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢在1 220～1 280℃下的氧化速率。     

JO-6炸药耐热性试验研究

为了研究JO-6炸药柱的耐热性能,利用自行研制的热爆炸试验系统进行了JO-6炸药柱的全历程试验和180℃条件下的热终止试验。探讨了装药状态对JO-6炸药热爆炸反应温度的影响,分析了有约束和无约束两种条件下HMX转晶对JO-6炸药柱结构和尺寸的影响。结果表明,粉态装药的热爆炸反应温度高于柱态装药,但对晶型转变温度没有明显影响,随着加热温度的升高,两种装药状态下的JO-6炸药均在180℃会发生HMX的转晶吸热,同时引起试样整体结构的破坏,使得试样尺寸增大,密度减小,试样在无约束条件下的结构破坏要大于有约束条件。     

240 MPa级高强IF钢的冷轧压下率和退火温度

以工业生产的240MPa级高强IF钢为试验材料,进行了冷轧压下率和退火温度的实验室研究。结果表明:在试验条件下,不同退火温度下,冷轧压下率在75%~85%时,试验钢为完全再结晶组织,卷取温度较高在710℃的试验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率、屈服点伸长率、塑性应变比及应变硬化指数分别在260MPa,445MPa,37.5%,2.14%,0.25,2.0左右;卷取温度较低在670℃的试验钢的上述参数分别为235MPa,369MPa,38.8%,1.73%,0.26,2.1左右。最终提出了试验钢工业生产中退火温度为840℃左右,冷轧压下率为75%左右,为获得高强度和优良成型性能的最佳匹配。     

Al-Mg-Al复合板抗拉强度研究

采用一道次热轧法制备镁铝复合板,研究了轧制温度、压下量、退火温度与时间对Al-Mg-Al复合板抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明,Al-Mg-Al板的抗拉强度随轧制温度的升高先增大后减小,随压下量的增大先升高后降低。当温度为350℃,压下量为35%时,试样达最大抗拉强度296MPa。退火工艺对试样抗拉强度有明显影响,试样的抗拉强度随退火温度的升高先增大后减小,随退火时间的延长而减小。实验得出最佳退火工艺为退火温度300℃,退火时间20min。     

退火温度对激光熔化沉积TC31高温钛合金组织与性能的影响

为改善激光熔化沉积TC31高温钛合金力学性能,本文通过光学显微镜、SEM、TEM和力学性能测试的方法研究了退火温度对合金中组织演化行为的影响,及其与合金室温和650 ℃高温力学性能的关系。结果表明:组织中初生α相含量随着退火温度升高而降低,其溶解主要发生在950 ℃以上,980 ℃退火后含量仅为29%。当退火温度超过930 ℃时,初生α相片层宽度明显增加。随着退火温度升高,α/β界面处析出的(Ti, Zr)₆Si₃相尺寸增加,且进入α相片层内部。合金在800~1 000 ℃退火时,合金室温拉伸屈服强度随退火温度升高趋于降低。受相界面析出的硅化物聚合长大及α相片层尺寸增加等因素影响,合金高温屈服强度随退火温度升高先降低后增加。合金经过1 000 ℃退火后,呈现良好的高温性能,其650 ℃下抗拉强度达657 MPa、屈服强度约为466 MPa、延伸率27%。     

径棒法编织C/C复合材料高温拉伸性能研究

采用化学气相沉积、沥青浸渍-高压碳化混合致密工艺向径棒法编织的预制体内引入基体碳,实现高密度(≥1.94g/cm3)炭/炭复合材料制备。利用快速通电加热测试技术,模拟C/C复合材料的高温工作环境,研究不同温度下材料的环向拉伸性能。结果表明:在2 300℃时,材料拉伸强度最大(80.3 MPa),断裂应变随着温度的升高而增加。采用扫描电镜对试样及断口形貌进行观察,发现测试温度、机加损伤及试样过渡区应力集中影响材料断裂特征。温度为1 800℃、2 300℃时材料在过渡区断裂;温度为2 800℃时,材料在标距区发生破坏,纤维与基体界面结合强度低,纤维拔出多,表现出假塑性断裂特征。     

高加热速度下温度对45#钢再结晶和晶界特征的影响

目的 针对45^#钢的再结晶行为受退火工艺的影响较大这一问题,研究了2种加热速度下不同退火温度对45^#钢再结晶行为、再结晶形核长大机制以及晶界特征分布的影响规律。方法 采用箱式电阻炉模拟罩式退火实验,分别以2 ℃/s和0.08 ℃/s的加热速度将试样加热到不同温度(660 ℃、720 ℃)并保温30 min,利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)研究退火后45^#钢的再结晶行为和晶界特征。结果 与0.08 ℃/s加热速度相比,当加热速度为2 ℃/s时,试样的晶粒细小,再结晶温度较高。在高加热速度下,随着退火温度的升高,再结晶体积分数增大,一些小角度晶界转变为大角度晶界,促进了再结晶过程。再结晶晶粒通过亚晶合并形核并呈等轴状分布,亚晶粒通过相互吞并的方式生长,导致亚晶粒减少,几何必要位错密度增大。在2种加热速度下,720 ℃时(Σ9+Σ27)/Σ3的比值大于660 ℃时的比值,且在720 ℃下低ΣCSL晶界更高,更有利于45^#钢中晶界团簇形成,晶界特征分布更优。结论 与慢速加热相比,在高加热速度下退火会提高生产率,改善材料的微观结构,这主要通过晶粒细化来实现。     

非枝晶AlSi7 Mg合金半固态触变成形研究

研究了AlSi7Mg合金的触变形成,结果表明：在电磁搅拌下,制备出半固态AlSi7Mg合金连铸坯料,合适的连铸速度为1．5－3mm/s,在变功率电感应加热下,半固态AlSi7Mg合金坯料的温度场可以达到很均匀,合适的加热温度为580－590℃,在模具温度100－300℃和比压15－25MPa条件下,触变锻造出汽车制动总泵体和比例阀毛坯。     

[011]取向DD6单晶高温合金薄壁持久性能

采用薄壁试样研究了760,980,1070℃条件下[011]取向第二代单晶高温合金DD6的持久性能.结果表明:与标准试样(直径5mm)相比,DD6单晶高温合金薄壁试样的持久寿命与之相当.对合金760℃/590MPa,980℃/270MPa及1070℃/270MPa条件下组织分析发现:760℃合金γ’相局部发生变形,98...     

High-temperature ultra-strength of dual-phase Re0.5MoNbW(TaC)0.5 high-entropy alloy matrix composite

The dual-phase Re0.5MoNbW(TaC)0.5 composite,consisting of refractory body-centered cubic(BCC)high-entropy alloy and carbide with many fine eutectic structures,was successfully synthesized by arc melting.The phase stability,high-temperature mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of the as-cast composite were studied.The microstructure of the composite remained stable after annealing at 1300℃for 168h.It exhibited remarkably high-temperature strength,yield strength～901 MPa,and true ultimate compressive strength～1186 MPa at 1200℃.The BCC phase and carbide exhibited a semi-coherent interface with good bonding after severe deformation at 1200℃.The dipolar dislocation walls in BCC phase,restricted dynamic interaction between defects in carbide,and the pinning effect of semi-coherent interface offered effective strengthening effects.     

微量Cu和形变热处理对Al-Fe合金性能的影响

观察Al-Fe合金的显微组织并测量其力学性能和导电性能,研究了Cu元素和形变热处理对其性能的影响。结果表明：在铸态Al-Fe-Cu合金组织中,Cu元素在基体内均匀分布,而Fe元素在晶界处偏析;挤压态的Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金其性能最优：导电率为59.90%IACS,抗拉强度为108 MPa,硬度为31.2HV;随着退火温度的提高Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金的抗拉强度急剧降低,在400℃退火时其抗拉强度最低(100 MPa),伸长率最高(31.3%);在250℃退火时导电率出现峰值(62.61%IACS)。在退火Al-0.7Cu-0.2Cu合金中有许多细小针状的θ(Al₂Cu)相析出,并与位错交互缠结。随着退火温度的提高合金中的位错密度降低,晶粒细化。     

形变和退火对Fe47Mn30Co10Cr10B3间隙高熵合金微观组织结构演变的影响

在不同温度对Fe₄₇Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀B₃间隙高熵合金进行不同的形变和退火处理,使用电子背散射衍射和电子通道衬度像等手段对样品进行表征,研究了形变和退火对其微观组织结构演变的影响。结果表明,在小应变量条件下,随着形变温度的降低,主导的形变机制从位错滑移转变为相变诱导塑性;在室温形变条件下,随着应变量的增大,主导的形变机制由位错滑移转变为相变诱导塑性。对大应变量的样品退火,随着退火温度的提高,微观组织从形变态(600℃-5 min)、部分再结晶态(800℃-5 min)到完全再结晶态(1000℃-5 min)的演变。在1000℃退火条件下,随着退火时间的延长,微观组织由部分再结晶态(1 min)演变到完全再结晶态(5 min和15 min),且相组成由γ单相演变为γ+ε双相。退火不能改变形变态中第二相颗粒沿着轧向的分布。拉伸实验结果表明合金的屈服强度为326 MPa,抗拉强度为801.9 MPa,延伸率为26.8%,实现了较好的强韧化性能且其断裂机制为韧性断裂。     

Cold spray additive manufacturing of Invar 36 alloy: microstructure,thermal expansion and mechanical properties

In this work,the Invar 36 alloys were manufactured using cold spray (CS) additive manufacturing technique.The systematic investigations were made on the microstructural evolution,thermal expansion and mechanical properties under as-sprayed (AS) and heat-treated (HT) conditions.XRD (X-ray diffraction)and ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) analyses show that no phase transformation,oxidation,nor element content change have occurred.The X-ray computed tomography (XCT) exhibited a near fully dense structure with a porosity of 0.025％ in the helium-produced sample under as-sprayed condition,whereas the nitrogen-produced samples produced at 5 MPa and 800 ℃ show more irregular pore defects.He-AS sample shows a more prominent grain refinement than that of nitrogen samples due to the more extensive plastic deformation.The post heat-treatment exhibited a promoted grain growth,inter-particle diffusion,as well as the formation of annealing twins.Between 25 ℃ and 200 ℃,the nitrogen samples possessed lower CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) values (1.53 × 10-6/℃) compared with those produced by casting and laser additive manufacturing.The He-AS samples exhibited a noticeable negative CTE value between 25 ℃ and 200 ℃,which may due to the significant compressive residual stress (-272 MPa) compensating its displacement with temperature increase during CTE test.The N2-HT and He-HT Invar 36 samples present a notable balance between strength and ductility.In conclusion,the CS technique can be considered as a potential method to produce the Invar 36 component with high thermal and mechanical performance.     

Microstructural and mechanical behavior of a CoCrFeNiCu_4 non-equiatomic high entropy alloy

High entropy alloy(HEA)-based alloy design is experiencing a conceptual broadening from equiatomic alloys to non-equiatomic alloys.To provide experimental basis for designing Cu-rich non-equiatomic HEAs,in the current study,a dual phase(Cu-rich and CoCrFeNi-rich phases) face-centered cubic CoCrFeNiCu₄ alloy was systematically investigated.We provided initial and experiment-based understanding of the behavioral change of the alloy during a variety of thermal cycles and thermomechanical processing.The current results indicate that,during heating,preferred precipitation of Cu-rich particles occurs,leading to more pronounced compositional differences between the two constituent FCC phases and increased relative volume fraction of the Cu-rich phase.The Alloy exhibits a continuous melting and discontinuous solidification of the Cu-rich and CoCrFeNi-rich phases.After being cold-rolled to ~90 % thickness reduction,the alloy exhibits a recrystallization temperature higher than 800℃.Annealing at 300 and 500℃ led to strength reduction and/or ductility decrease;further increasing annealing temperature monotonically caused softening and ductilization due to decreased density of pre-existing dislocations.The yield-drop phenomena observed for the 900℃-and 1000℃-annealed specimens are associated with the locking of pre-existing dislocations by some "atmosphere",the nature of which warrants further elucidation.     

退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能

AlSi10Mg合金具有高比强度、高耐磨性等优良特点。由于其成分接近共晶点,成形性能良好,被广泛应用于激光选区熔化技术。然而其热处理制度仍然沿用传统铸态合金的热处理规范,影响了其性能的充分发挥。本工作采用激光选区熔化技术制备了AlSi10Mg合金,并研究了沉积态和后续热处理过程中组织演化规律及其对室温力学性能的影响机制。研究发现：沉积态组织由沿沉积方向生长的α-Al柱状枝晶及枝晶间网状Al-Si共晶组成,具有强烈的〈100〉方向织构,沉积层由三部分组成,分别是细晶区、粗晶区及热影响区,抗拉强度389.5 MPa,伸长率4%。退火过程中,共晶Si破碎、球化,基体中过饱和Si不断析出长大。当退火温度从200 ℃提高到500 ℃时,Si颗粒发生Ostwald熟化,平均尺寸增长了23倍。经过300 ℃和500 ℃退火处理后,试样抗拉强度分别为287.0 MPa和268.0 MPa,但伸长率分别提高到10.3%和17.2%。     

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6063 Al alloy

Aluminium alloy (6063) was severely rolled upto 92% thickness reduction at liquid nitrogen temperature and room temperature to study the effect of rolling temperature on its mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics by using tensile tests and SEM/electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), DSC, X-ray diffraction (XRD) as compared to room temperature rolled (RTR) material with the same deformation strain. An improved strength (257 MPa) of cryorolled 6063 Al alloy was observed as compared to the room temperature rolled alloy (232 MPa). The improved strength of cryorolled alloy is due to the accumulation of higher dislocation density than the room temperature rolled material. The tensile properties of cryorolled alloy and the alloy subjected to different annealing treatments were measured. The cryorolled alloy subjected to annealing treatment at 300 °C for 5 min exhibits an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure with improved tensile strength and ductility.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at high temperature of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

In this study,the microstructure and tensile properties of selective laser melted AlSilOMg at elevated temperature were investigated with focus on the interfacial region.In-situ SEM and in-situ EBSD analysis were proposed to characterize the microstructural evolution with temperature.The as-fabricated AlSilOMg sample presents high tensile strength with the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of~450 MPa and yield strength(YS)of~300 MPa,which results from the mixed strengthening mechanism among grain boundary,solid solution,dislocation and Orowan looping mechanism.When holding at the temperature below 200℃for 30 min,the micro structure presents little change,and only a slight decrement of yield strength appears due to the relief of the residual stress.However,when the holding temperature further increases to 300℃and 400℃,the coarsening and precipitation of Si particles inα-Al matrix occur obviously,which leads to an obvious decrease of solid solution strength.At the same time,matrix softening and the weakness of dislocation strengthening also play important roles.When the holding temperature reaches to 400℃,the yield strength decreases significantly to about 25 MPa which is very similar to the as-cast Al alloy.This might be concluded that the YS is dominated by the matrix materials.Because the softening mechanism counteracts work hardening,the extremely high elongation occurs.     

热处理对TC11钛合金室温力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、拉伸性能和冲击性能测试仪,研究TC11钛合金经过不同热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,280 mm棒材坯料边缘部位室温性能波动与热变形过程中的摩擦力和温降有关;当固溶温度由940℃提高到970℃时,室温强度和塑性均出现了明显的下降,强度下降约50 MPa,延伸率的相对值下降约为8%;固溶温度由970℃升高到980℃时,强度提高约30 MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率均有所提高;时效时间对TC11钛合金室温拉伸性能影响不显著,但对室温冲击性能影响显著,当时效时间由4 h增加到8 h时,显微组织发生了明显的球化,长条状的初生α相数量显著降低,初生α相和次生α相均有所长大,导致冲击性能显著增强,提高了30.4~33.6 J,但室温拉伸强度和塑性变化不大。     

α+β相区高温退火对Ti80合金板材组织与性能的影响

研究了Ti80合金板材在α+β相区较高温度退火时,退火温度与冷却方式对其组织及性能的影响。结果表明,两相区高温退火时,初生α相对温度极为敏感,随着退火温度的升高,其含量急剧下降,而次生α相含量则明显增加。随着退火温度的升高,室温强度逐渐降低,伸长率变化不明显,而冲击功则随着退火温度的升高明显增加。两种冷却方式下,Ti80合金板材冲击断裂方式均为穿晶断裂。两者相比,980℃/60 min,水冷获得了较小的初生α相,以及较薄的次生α相片层,从而导致板材强度明显升高,伸长率略有降低,而冲击功则大幅下降。