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国外PVC生产技术最新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一些具有代表性、对国内PVC生产极具参考价值、易于实施的国外最新PVC生产技术研究成果,包括:①采用低纯度乙烯生产EDC,乙烯直接氯化生成EDC反应热的利用和乙烯氧氯化反应高选择性催化剂的投用,可大幅度降低乙烯法氯乙烯的生产成本;②由Ⅷ族金属(Pd、Pt)氯化物与特定的烷基胺构成的化合物为催化剂在C11-15烃溶剂中进行乙炔、氯化氢合成氯乙烯反应,该方法选择性好,收率高,是乙炔法制氯乙烯无汞触媒研制的最新成果;③连续聚合和就地合成引发剂使聚合周期大大缩短,成本显著降低;④PVA和HPMC分散剂的性能改进和聚合体系内丙烯酸聚合物的加入提高了PVC树脂的质量,对降低助剂成本起一定作用;⑤合适的换热器有助于提高PVC糊树脂产能。 相似文献
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提出了无汞化PVC生产的全面解决方案:(1)新建及条件充分的企业可采用"姜钟法"PVC生产工艺,以乙炔和二氯乙烷合成氯乙烯;二氯乙烷可外购或采用煤制烯烃工艺获得,也可采用乙烷氯化脱氢制乙烯+乙烯氧氯化制二氯乙烷工艺得到。(2)不具备"姜钟法"条件的电石法PVC生产企业可采用铜基无汞催化剂直接替代含汞催化剂。通过以上方案,可从根本上解决目前PVC行业面临的来自汞的环保压力,从而使电石法PVC行业走上绿色生产之路。 相似文献
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介绍了电石法PVC生产过程中的一些节能、环保措施,包括抽催化剂废水、碱洗塔废碱液、水洗塔外排水及聚合用冷却水的综合利用情况,以及氯乙烯精馏尾气变压吸附、乙炔气冷却塔自身内循环的工艺改造情况。 相似文献
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在乙烯法合成PVC的生产工艺中,乙炔是一种十分有害的杂质。它的生成或存在不仅影响最终产品质量,也危害了正常的生产运行,原料单耗也会增加。因此,预防和减少其形成及影响是必要的。我们通过长期生产和对外交流,总结出一定经验,采取了一些措施,有效地减少了乙炔的不利影响,取得了可喜成绩。1 乙炔对PVC装置生产的危害及预防1.1 乙炔对合成PVC的危害 相似文献
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我国聚氯乙烯(PVC)生产结构以电石法工艺为主,而工艺更环保的乙烯法由于成本较高等因素应用发展缓慢。通过搭建PVC生产成本与原料价格的简单模型,预测在未来一段时间内,国内电石法PVC产能虽将占据主导地位,但乙烯法PVC的成本优势会逐渐显现,乙烯法PVC替代电石法PVC会成为趋势。 相似文献
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As a basis of ceramic process development, raw material selection plays a fundamental role in the final product design. For correct material selection, knowledge regarding all the properties of the raw materials should be obtained. Plasticity is one of the most important properties for molding clay products. Nevertheless, the standard methods in use, including the Pfefferkorn method, are not precise and reliable. They are based on subjective qualitative information and are dependent on technical skills. The literature shows some attempts to improve the test method, all based on the force needed to indent a clay sample surface with specific water content. Four different clays were studied and the plasticity values due to the Pfefferkorn method and the indentation test were compared. The results showed that the indentation method is reliable and more precise compared to Pfefferkorn. It is also faster and more practical. 相似文献
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A novel design method for a multi-component distillation system based on the quasi-binary model is presented. The quasi-binary
method, which converts the multi-component system to a quasi-binary system, could simplify the design process of multi-component
distillation. Subsequently the software integration method is introduced to the distillation design and an automatic calculation
program is developed by using Visual C++ language. The design of multi-component distillation, in which the minimum reflux
ratio R
min
or liquid-vapor ratio (L/V)
min
and the minimum numbers of stage N
min
is determined easily and quickly, is automatically performed by the technology of software integration. Three examples are
solved to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented method for the multi-component distillation.
Supported by the National Nature Science Fund Program of China (No. 20376078). 相似文献
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根据GB/T212--2007中规定测定挥发分,通过实验对自动工业分仪法测定挥发分的结果与标准法测定挥发分的结果进行对比,结果表明,自动工业分仪法能减轻化验员的劳动强度,提高工作效率,化验结果快速而准确。 相似文献
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