Zn对锂电池材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2结构和电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法掺入少量Zn得到Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1-xZnxO2材料。通过X射线衍射、光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试研究掺杂对其晶体结构、元素价态和电化学行为的影响。结果表明:掺入Zn增大晶格常数;在粉末颗粒表面的Zn含量是颗粒内部的数十倍;掺杂后Co、Mn依然保持+3、+4价,但是Ni由+2、+3混合价态组成;掺入少量Zn阻止电极在4.5V电位下的不可逆氧化反应;掺入Zn有效改善高截止电压下的循环容量保持能力,其作用与改变材料表面状态有关。     

氧化钨电致变色薄膜的XPS分析

采用射频磁控溅射工艺,在柔性PET衬底上低温制备电致变色WOx/ITO/PET多层薄膜;利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析所制备薄膜的着、退色态中W元素的价态以及O元素的化合环境.结果表明:WOx薄膜着色态中存在W6 和W5 的混合价态,而在退色态中W元素的化合价仅为W6 ;钨离子的不同价态和氧离子的不同化合环境的变化与WOx薄膜的电致变色机制密切相关.     

X射线光电子能谱在材料表面研究中的应用

通过阐述XPS测试原理及工作特点,讨论其在材料表面研究中的具体应用。通过光电子谱峰位置、形状和强度,可以分析元素价态、含量。角分辨XPS可以检测超薄样品表面的化学状态,成像XPS可以显示样品表面的元素和价态分布,从而进行微区分析。利用氩离子刻蚀进行深度剖析,可以研究样品化学状态随深度的变化关系。     

Mo粉表面化学镀Cu及其反应机理

利用Sn-Pd催化体系在Mo粉表面化学镀Cu制备了Cu/Mo复合粉体,利用XRD,SEM,EDS和XPS对复合粉体的成分及形貌进行了分析.利用XPS分析了Mo粉表面化学镀Cu过程中不同阶段元素价态的变化.解释了化学镀Cu过程中纳米Pd粒子的形成及其对Cu沉积的催化作用.     

变形道次对基于等径角挤扭法制备的SiC_p/Al复合材料界面的影响（英文）

在250°C下,利用等径角挤扭变形工艺(ECAP-T)将纯Al和经氧化处理的Si C混合粉末固结成10%Si Cp/Al复合材料。采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)测定SiC颗粒氧化处理前后Si元素的价态以及固结后复合材料中Al元素的价态,通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的界面进行观察,并利用能谱仪(EDS)对界面结合处进行元素线扫描和面扫描,最后对复合材料界面进行纳米硬度的测量。结果表明,ECAP-T变形后,Al和Si C的氧化层之间发生了界面反应,抑制了有害界面相的产生,并产生了基体和增强体之间的元素互扩散;随着ECAP-T变形道次的增加,界面反应程度加剧,元素扩散层加厚,使复合材料从增强体到基体的硬度过渡更加平缓。     

Ti6Al7Nb和Ti6Al4V合金的热氧化行为

在600～900℃温度下,0.5～72 h时间范围内空气气氛下对Ti6Al7Nb进行热氧化,根据增重曲线计算其氧化动力学规律,利用XRD、XPS分析表面氧化层的相组成、成分和价态,并以Ti6Al4V合金做为比照.结果表明,Ti6Al7Nb合金较Ti6Al4V合金抗氧化能力更强.同等氧化条件下,Ti6Al7Nb合金的氧化速率常数(k)更小.对短时间(1 h)氧化的样品的表面分析显示:各合金元素均以最高价态或稳定价态存在,其中Al和V被富集,而Nb则贫化;另外,Ti6Al7Nb合金和Ti6Al4V合金氧化层主要由金红石型TiO2(R-TiO2)组成,Al2O3相仅出现在900 ℃Ti6Al4V合金样品中.     

废弃三元电极材料的热还原特性及有价组分分离

本文基于电极材料中有机组分的热还原特性研究了废弃三元电极材料中各有价成分的资源化回收。使用热重分析(TG)法研究了电极材料有机组分热解失重行为，采用热重-气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪(TG-GC-MS)定性分析了在有机组分各失重温度下的热解产物，进而明确了失重行为产生的原因。在此基础上，探索了负极材料中有机组分丁苯橡胶对正极材料热还原的可行性，并使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了不同条件下处理后正极材料的物相及价态变化；最后，基于实验结果提出了废弃三元锂离子电池电极片中有价成分全组分回收工艺。结果表明：正负电极材料有机组分的热解失重过程分为三个阶段，且失重原因主要为电解液挥发和黏结剂分解，但有机组分差异导致各阶段温度范围有所不同。热还原产物的XRD与XPS分析结果表明，去除黏结剂的正极材料在丁苯橡胶加入量超过18.5%后逐渐产生热还原效果，导致其结构破坏和元素价态降低。在前述实验基础上，开展正、负电极片混合热还原处理，产物经破碎筛分、磁选、水浸、碱浸、酸浸、分步沉淀等联合方法实现了有价组分的高效率回收。     

不锈钢电化学着色工艺及着色膜的XPS研究

介绍了不锈钢电化学着色工艺,采用正交试验的方法对不锈钢电化学着色的试验方案进行了优化,得出最佳试验方案;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对不锈钢着色膜的元素组成和元素价态进行了分析,这对着色膜层的进一步开发和应用有十分重要的作用.     

碳酰胺与氢化锆高温下原位反应层的AES/XPS分析

采用碳酰胺高温分解产生含C、O、N源与氢化锆原位反应制备阻氢渗透层,借助俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对阻氢渗透层元素成分及深度、键态进行分析。AES结果表明:氢化锆表面原位反应层由C、N、O、Zr元素组成,随溅射时间增加,O、Zr元素含量增加,C、N元素含量降低。原位反应层厚度约3.4μm,其中含N、C层深度约150 nm。氢化锆表面阻氢渗透层XPS分析表明,表面层存在ZrO_2,同时有Zr-OH、Zr-N、C-H、N-H键。氢在扩散过程中被C、O、N捕获表明含C、O、N的氢化锆表面原位反应层对氢的渗透有一定的阻碍作用。     

硫代硫酸盐浸出脱铜阳极泥中金、银和钯的研究

密度泛函计算和热力学分析表明,相较于Au(I)和Ag(I)离子,Pd(II)离子更容易与S2O3^2-发生配位反应,3种元素均可被氨性硫代硫酸盐溶液浸出。脱铜阳极泥中高含量的锡和锑对硫代硫酸盐浸出贵金属无明显影响,但铅以PbO形态存在时会覆盖在贵金属表面抑制浸出。硫代硫酸盐对脱铜阳极泥中贵金属的直接浸出率低;阳极泥先经氢氧化钠预处理去除部分铅后浸出率有所提高;经碳酸盐转化-醋酸预处理可去除阳极泥中93.8%的铅,硫代硫酸盐对金、银和钯的浸出率达到88.0%、93.4%和80.7%。X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,醋酸预处理后阳极泥颗粒表面没有出现PbO钝化层。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.