Pain scores estimation using surgical pleth index and long short-term memory neural networks

Artificial Life and Robotics - Pain monitoring is crucial to provide proper healthcare for patients during general anesthesia (GA). In this study, photoplethysmographic waveform amplitude (PPGA),...     

人脸疼痛表情识别综述

自动疼痛识别技术在医疗保健,特别是在对无法用语言表达疼痛的病人的治疗和护理中具有广泛的应用前景,因此逐步受到研究者的关注。由于人的面部线索是很重要的疼痛评估依据,并且基于计算机视觉技术的人脸表情识别研究已取得很大进展,因此利用面部表情信息实现自动疼痛识别成为了一条有效的途径。本文首先简要介绍了目前常用的STOIC表情数据库、 婴儿疼痛表情分类（COPE）数据库、UNBC-McMaster肩部疼痛数据库和BioVid热疼痛数据库,然后从静态图像疼痛表情识别、视频序列疼痛表情识别、特定人物疼痛识别以及多信息融合疼痛识别4个方面对近10年的疼痛表情识别主要方法进行了详细 的介绍,最后对目前人脸疼痛表情识别现状进行总结和分析,并阐述了其存在的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

Endurance, pain and resumption in fully flexed postures

In this study effects of low loads in fully flexed postures were investigated. Thirteen men who were unused to the postures participated. Thirteen professional construction workers with long experience of suchlike postures were also studied. Pain reactions during and after loading were observed, as well as endurance time and the recovery process, here by studying the resumption time. Endurance and resumption times differed little from those given by models used for more common postures. Pain from the legs and not from the back limited the working ability in 86% of the endurance tests. Thirdly, the construction workers had significantly longer endurance time and shorter resumption time.     

Relations between shoulder/neck disorders and EMG zero crossing shifts in female assembly workers using the test contraction method

Pain and discomfort in the shoulder/neck region is a serious problem amongst workers in many categories of assembly work. It has been suggested that these disorders are related to local muscular fatigue. In this study 14 female assembly workers were studied. Several of these women had occupational shoulder/neck disorders of various degrees. The method (FTC), applied during work, involved short test contractions every ten minutes during which EMG from m. trapezius and m. infraspinatus bilaterally was recorded. The EMG was analysed using the zero crossing technique. The subjects filled in a standard questionnaire concerning their muscular shoulder/neck disorders. It is shown that subjects reporting disorders have more pronounced EMG alterations than those without disorders.     

多尺度中心误差补偿二值模式的表情识别

针对Gabor小波与局部二值模式（Local Binary Pattern,LBP）在表情识别上的局限性,提出了一种多尺度中心误差补偿二值模式（Center Error Compensation Binary Pattern,CECBP）的表情识别方法。对预处理后的人脸表情图像创建多尺度的金字塔,用中心误差补偿二值模式对金字塔中的各层图像进行编码,分块提取各层编码后的直方图序列作为特征,用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）进行分类。在JAFFE、Cohn-Kanade以及Pain Expression表情库上的交叉验证表明,该方法可以抑制噪声,具有较高的识别率和较快的识别速度,比传统的Gabor小波以及LBP更具有优势。     

Prevention of reinjury

This paper will address steps to be taken to prevent reinjury from becoming chronic. The focus is on helping workers to better understand and apply to themselves the nature of the healing process, the adverse effects of disuse, and how to distinguish pain from suffering. The impact of the person's understanding of the nature of pain and its implications for promoting healing will also be considered. Pain from tissue injury persists largely because of failure to apply what is known about healing and the effects of disuse. This failure interacts with patient misconceptions about pain and healing. The result is a confounding of pain with suffering and an unnecessary persistence of pain and disability. The interplay of perception or cognitive labelling, suffering and the influence of consequences should be considered.     

Effectiveness of an ergonomic intervention on work-related posture and low back pain in video display terminal operators: A 3 year cross-over trial

This study investigated the effectiveness of a workstation ergonomic intervention for work-related posture and low back pain (LBP) in Video Display Terminal (VDT) workers. 100 VDT workers were selected to receive the ergonomic intervention, whereas 100 were assigned to a control group. The two groups were then crossed-over after 30 months from baseline. Follow-ups were repeated at 5, 12, and 30 months from baseline and then at 6 months following crossover. Outcomes: Work-related posture and LBP point-prevalence using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment method and a Pain Drawing, respectively. The ergonomic intervention at the workstation improved work-related posture and was effective in reducing LBP point-prevalence both in the first study period and after crossover, and these effects persisted for at least 30 months. In conclusion, our findings contribute to the evidence that individualized ergonomic interventions may be able to improve work-related posture and reduce LBP for VDT workers.     

The introduction of sit-stand worktables; aspects of attitudes, compliance and satisfaction

The introduction of sit-stand worktables was examined in this study. Purchasers at four companies were interviewed regarding preparations prior to purchase, follow-up after installation, and if expectations had been fulfilled. Personnel at the four companies answered a questionnaire examining use of the worktables' sit-stand function, and the influence of some variables on this. Utilisation of the sit-stand function was less than what could be expected to relieve static musculoskeletal loading during VDU work. Pain experienced during the past year, and education on the use of the worktable gave rise to modest increases in utilisation. Investment in sit-stand worktables was satisfactory to purchasers, in terms of providing flexible furniture to suit modern organisational dynamics. Users were, in general, positive to the worktables, but showed poor compliance in using them. User and purchaser satisfaction with regard to improving individual health ergonomics was questionable in respect of the low level of usage.     

A secondary structure evaluation of peptides based on statistics and heuristic rules

The study of spatial folding of peptides is a very difficult task needing time-consuming elaborations. The complexity of the problem demands tools that predict in a simple manner basic properties such as the secondary structure starting from the amino acid sequence, which contains all the information necessary for the determination fo the folding of a protein. The study of secondary structure is of considerable interest, in particular the prediction of regular structures, because these regions, like alpha-helices and beta-sheets, may form nucleation sites (M.J.E. Sternberg and J.M. Thornton, Nature 2H (1978) 15-20; B. Robson and R.H. Pain, Biochem. J. 155 (1976) 331-344). The aim of this paper is to propose a procedure for the secondary structure prediction, based on statistics (B. Robson and J. Garnier, Introduction to Proteins and Protein Engineering (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986); J. Garnier, D.J. Osguthorpe and B. Robson, J. Mol. Biol. 120 (1977) 97-120) and heuristic rules, also taking into account experimental data.     

疼痛自动识别综述

疼痛是一种个人经历,一般被分为急性疼痛和慢性疼痛,可来源于受伤、疾病、手术或其他的健康问题.如果疼痛没有被及时治疗,会对患者的身心健康带来极大的伤害.由于患者自身障碍等问题,患者可能无法自我报告疼痛,而专业人士评估无法保证连续性和客观性.因此,对疼痛自动识别系统的需求日益加大,近十年来,很多研究人员在此领域取得突破性的成果,本文对疼痛自动识别系统进行综述,一方面从疼痛自动识别系统的结构组成方面进行描述,主要包括数据获取、数据预处理、特征提取以及分类等;另一方面从疼痛模态表征多角度进行技术汇总,主要包括行为、语音、生理以及多模态融合等4个方面.本文论述疼痛自动识别系统中的关键技术,并加以对比分析总结出该领域发展的一些挑战和方向.     

基于SNMP网络性能管理的研究

网络管理软件设计的目的就是实现网络管理,国际标准化组织(ISO)定义了网络管理的5个功能域：失效管理、配置管理、安全管理、性能管理和计费管理。本文基于SNMP获取网络管理数据库中MIB-Ⅱ的对象信息,提出了网络性能管理的评定指标和计算方法,并对交换机上网络RMON模块进行了网络性能测试和理论分析,从而实现网络管理。     

Relationships between maximum holding time and ratings of pain and exertion differ for static and dynamic tasks

Ratings of perceived discomfort (0 to 10 scale) have been used to estimate relative maximum holding times (%MHT), particularly for static tasks. A linear 1:10% ratio has been described, where a rating of 5 corresponds to 50%MHT. It is unknown whether this linear ratio is valid for dynamic tasks. Additionally, whether pain or exertion are the primary predictors of discomfort is not clear. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate both pain and exertion ratings during static (50% maximum; N = 42) and dynamic (75% maximum; N = 34) elbow flexion tasks until failure. Gender, self-reported physical activity, and peak torque were also assessed. Pain and exertion ratings reasonably matched the 1:10% ratio during the static task but not during the dynamic task. Exertion related more strongly to MHT than pain in both tasks. Neither gender nor activity level appeared to influence perceptual ratings, but peak torque explained approximately 20% of the variance in MHT.     

下一代网络业务管理服务器

下一代网络(NGN)中,业务管理服务器是业务支撑环境的核心组件之一。目前业务管理服务器的系统结构和运行机制无法满足NGN业务开放的需求,该文基于开放体系架构和构件技术提出了业务管理服务器的开放体系结构SMSOA,采用层次化构件设计,同时增加业务管理级别控制中心,基于策略解决多业务管理级别控制问题,提出了有效方法保证业务管理执行的可靠性。     

网元管理系统的一种实现方法

网元管理是网络管理系统的基础,根据TMN的思想,提出了一种网元管理系统的实现方法,该系统能够实现性能管理、配置管理、故障管理以及安全管理的4个功能。给出了TMN网络管理模型图。     

PDM中任务驱动的设计过程管理

设计过程管理是产品数据管理（PDM）系统区别于文件管理系统和技术文档管理系统的基本功能。本文分析了设计过程管理的三个要素，即设计活动、产品数据和设计人员，提出了任务驱动的设计过程管理的思想，建立PDM系统中管理设计过程的一个面向对象的任务模型，并在自主版权的商品化产品数据管理系统IntePDM中实现了设计过程的管理。     

基于Web的高校贫困助学管理系统设计与实现

为了提高高校贫困生助学管理的水平和效率,对贫困生管理的业务流程进行了详细分析,提出了基于三层体系架构的高校贫困生管理系统.为了加强用户访问权限的动态管理,将用户按需求划分多个角色,并通过基于访问控制技术实现按角色使用系统.该系统主要包括贫困生管理、助学金管理、助学贷款管理、勤工助学管理、学费减免管理等模块,基本满足高校贫困生管理的日常需求.     

航天器健康管理平台设计技术研究

随着我国航天器数量增加以及广泛应用,提高我国航天领域健康管理技术水平的重要性日趋凸显。本文针对我国航天领域健康管理技术体系不完善,航天器全生命周期健康管理能力较弱,缺少健康管理系统设计、验证技术和工具等问题,设计了航天器天地一体化健康管理平台,建立了航天器健康管理技术体系框架,探讨了航天器健康管理设计开发和验证技术,构建了航天器天地一体化健康管理系统,为最终形成未来我国航天器设计、开发、验证与运行管理过程中的全生命周期健康管理解决方案,解决未来多航天器全寿命周期综合保障问题,进行了有益的技术探索。     

Endurance time, pain and resumption in passive loading of the elbow joint

This study investigated reactions in passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints in 13 men. Pain reactions during and after loading were studied, as were endurance time, T(end), and resumption time, Tr. The loading moment on the elbow joint, Mn, varied between 7 and 100% of maximum elbow moment. Discomfort/ pain was estimated with Borg's CR-10 scale. T(end) decreased with increasing load level. The opposite was found for the resumption time: the higher the load, held until T(end), the shorter the Tr. The pain limiting the working capability originated mainly from muscle tissue and not from the joint itself. It is concluded that the relation between load and endurance time for passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints resembles that for muscular loading in more 'normal' postures. Equations for estimation of endurance and resumption times (in minutes) for fully extended joints are proposed: T(end) = 20.6e(-6.04Mn) and Tr = 0.0167e(8.84/(1.46+0.346Mn)), respectively.     

并行文件系统管理工具的设计与实现

通过对常用并行文件系统体系结构的分析，提出了一种适用于某一大类并行文件系统的管理框架。以该管理框架为基础，实现了PVFS并行文件系统的管理工具，并为用户提供了单一映像的管理控制台。功能测试结果表明，该管理工具的引入降低了并行文件系统管理的复杂性。