一种用于信息处理微系统DDR互连故障的自测试算法

为解决信息处理微系统中双倍速率同步动态随机存储器（Double Data Rate, DDR）复杂互连故障的检出效率和测试成本问题,通过分析DDR典型互连故障模式,将单个存储器件的自动测试设备（Auto Test Equipment,ATE）测试算法与板级系统的系统级测试（System Level Test, SLT）模式相结合,提出面向DDR类存储器的测试算法和实现技术途径。并基于现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA）器件实现微系统内DDR互连故障的自测试,完成了典型算法的仿真模拟和实物测试验证。相较于使用ATE测试机台的存储器测试或通过用户层测试软件的测试方案,本文所采用的FPGA嵌入特定自测试算法方案可以实现典型DDR互连故障的高效覆盖,测试效率和测试成本均得到明显改善。     

基于Cadence的DDRⅡ仿真设计

针对DDRⅡ设计中高速信号的完整性和时序匹配问题,使用EDA工具Cadence仿真设计了DDRⅡ存储器的印制板。通过Cadence软件建立DDRⅡ信号拓扑结构、仿真信号的串扰、码间干扰、过冲等与信号质量相关的参数,从仿真波形中可以测量出与信号时序相关的参数,从而计算出信号的时序裕量,并为DDRⅡ信号设置约束进行布线。布线完成后,使用Cadence软件进行板后仿真,验证DDRⅡ信号的完整性和时序关系。并根据仿真结果,总结出部分设计规则。     

高速大容量存储电路板的信号性能分析研究

针对高速电路的PCB设计中拓扑结构产生的信号完整性问题,以TI8168芯片与高速多片DDR3的互联为背景,通过分析高速电路板中的总线拓扑结构,研究高速电路板的布线原理和信号完整性理论,提出一种T型与Fly-by相结合的拓扑结构和信号反射控制方法,采用Cadence软件中的Sig Xplorer软件进行仿真。结果表明,这种拓扑结构既解决了Fly-by结构中接收端信号的时延和实际布线困难的问题,又优化了T型拓扑中多片DDR3接收端端接的复杂问题,有效地消除了信号的延时和反射,从而保证了信号的完整性。     

系统级封装(SiP)模块的热阻应用研究

半导体行业正朝着高集成度、小尺寸方向飞速发展,具有大规模、多芯片、3D立体化封装等优势的系统级封装(SiP)受到越来越多的关注.SiP中IC芯片多且集中,功耗密度大,因此其散热特性研究尤为重要.封装模块的散热特性用热阻表征,以塑封SiP模块为研究对象,介绍了器件级结-壳热阻和板级结-板热阻分析方法,采用热阻矩阵描述了芯...     

系统级封装的片上和板级协同ESD保护方案

提出了一种面向系统级封装(SiP)的片上和板级协同设计方案,提升了电路的ESD性能。该SiP系统集成了若干驱动放大器、ADC和电阻电容。虽然集成的芯片引脚均可满足2 000 V的HBM ESD能力,但因为封装尺寸为0402的高精度薄膜电阻会受到损伤,所以SiP仅能承受600 V的ESD冲击。在SiP中增加了高速开关二极管1N4148,以泄放ESD冲击电流,使得该SiP集成电路系统的ESD能力从600 V提升至2 500 V。片上与板级协同设计方法能显著提升产品的可靠性,可广泛应用于SiP产品中。     

基于FPGA&DSP多天线信号检测的仿真与实现

基于对TD-LTE系统中多天线信号检测算法的分析与研究,设计了一种基于FPGADSP的适合于TD-LTE系统下行多天线信号检测的方案,包括算法的介绍、方案的形成、FPGADSP设计的处理流程、FPGA实现结果和分析,以及平台应用分析。以Virtex-6芯片为硬件平台,进行仿真、综合、板级验证等工作。此信号检测方案应用到TD-LTE系统中具有良好的稳定性和高效性,并已成功应用于TD-LTE射频一致性项目开发中。     

DDR SDRAM控制器的设计与实现

在分析DDR SDRAM基本特征的基础上,按照JEDEC DDR SDRAM规范提出了一个详细的DDR SDRAM控制器的设计方案.该方案采用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言实现,集成到高速SoC芯片中,然后使用Synopsys VCS对该控制器进行仿真,并在Stratix-Ⅱ开发板进行了FPGA验证.在阐述该控制器设计原理的基础上,进行模块划分和具体设计,提出了高效、稳定的处理方案,最后通过仿真和FPGA验证确保了设计的正确性.     

递进型射频SiP系统优化法研究

射频系统级封装系统具有高密度集成、高性能的优点,但其电磁问题复杂导致系统优化方法至关重要。基于板级场路协同仿真、近场等效模拟以及近场扫描测试,提出了递进型射频SiP系统优化方法,并以S波段上变频SiP模块的优化为例,进行了验证分析。利用此方法,准确地找到了系统中潜在的风险,建立近场耦合等效集总电路,提出改进措施,实现了系统的高效优化;并采用近场扫描测试方法,对模拟结果进行了比较,计算出两者的相关度为96.27%,吻合较好,证明了模拟仿真优化法的高可靠性与实用性。     

Virtex-5 DDR2存储器接口的信号完整性设计

本文向初次尝试设计Xilinx Virtex-5 DDR2存储器接口的工程师介绍一些窍门,包括关于首选电路拓扑的快速指南,以及采用数控阻抗(DCI)片上终端元件来替代外部终端电阻的利弊概述。此外,本文还介绍了从以往设计中积累的实用设计指南和IBIS仿真结果。     

飞思卡尔i.MX6平台DRAM接口高阶应用指南-DDR3篇

本文意在介绍如何使用i.MX6系列微处理器设计和初始化DDR3。本文将涉及原理图及PCB布线设计规则、DDR3脚本(初始化代码)生成工具、DDR3板级校准和压力测试工具等内容。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks