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1.
This paper discusses and explores issues surrounding current approaches to the design of technological products and offers
two critical design proposals for presentation and debate. Primarily driven by contemporary theoretical writings and thoughts
on the subject of ‘technology’ and ‘simulation’, currently being offered by leading thinkers on these subjects and expressed
as ‘technological objects’; they are the result of a critical investigation into the emerging design issues surrounding ‘interaction’
and ‘transparency’. By using ‘popular’ language of product design as a vehicle, they exist as ‘cultural offerings’ exploring
an alternative future for technological products not necessarily governed by science and economics. 相似文献
2.
A. G. Buddhika P. Jayasekara Keigo Watanabe Kazuo Kiguchi Kiyotaka Izumi 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2010,15(1):5-9
This article proposes a method for adapting a robot’s perception of fuzzy linguistic information by evaluating vocal cues.
The robot’s perception of fuzzy linguistic information such as “very little” depends on the environmental arrangements and
the user’s expectations. Therefore, the robot’s perception of the corresponding environment is modified by acquiring the user’s
perception through vocal cues. Fuzzy linguistic information related to primitive movements is evaluated by a behavior evaluation
network (BEN). A vocal cue evaluation system (VCES) is used to evaluate the vocal cues for modifying the BEN. The user’s satisfactory
level for the robot’s movements and the user’s willingness to change the robot’s perception are identified based on a series
of vocal cues to improve the adaptation process. A situation of cooperative rearrangement of the user’s working space is used
to illustrate the proposed system by a PA-10 robot manipulator. 相似文献
3.
Summary The informational divergence between stochastic matrices is not a metric. In this paper we show that, however, consistent
definitions can be given of ‘spheres’, ‘segments’ and ‘straight lines’ using the divergence as a sort of ‘distance’ between
stochastic matrices. The geometric nature of many ‘reliability functions’ of Information Theory and Mathematical Statistics
is thus clarified.
This work has been done within the GNIM-CNR research activity. 相似文献
4.
Alastair Butler 《Journal of Logic, Language and Information》2007,16(3):241-264
This paper develops a semantics with control over scope relations using Vermeulen’s stack valued assignments as information
states. This makes available a limited form of scope reuse and name switching. The goal is to have a general system that fixes
available scoping effects to those that are characteristic of natural language. The resulting system is called Scope Control
Theory, since it provides a theory about what scope has to be like in natural language. The theory is shown to replicate a
wide range of grammatical dependencies, including options for, and constraints on, ‘donkey’, ‘binding’, ‘movement’, ‘Control’
and ‘scope marking’ dependencies. 相似文献
5.
Shlomo Djerassi 《Multibody System Dynamics》2009,21(1):55-70
In Part B of this paper, planar collision theories, counterparts of the theory associated with Newton’s hypotheses described
in Part A, are developed in connection with Poisson’s and Stronge’s hypotheses. First, expressions for the normal and tangential
impulses, the normal and tangential velocities of separation, and the change of the system mechanical energy are written for
five types of collision. These together with Routh’s semigraphical method and Coulomb’s coefficient of friction are used to
show that the algebraic signs of the four parameters introduced in Part A span the same five cases of system configuration
of Part A. For each, α determines the type of collision which once found allows the evaluation of the normal and tangential impulses and ultimately
the changes in the motion variables. The analysis of the indicated cases shows that for Poisson’s hypothesis, a solution always
exists which is unique, coherent and energy-consistent. The same applies to Stronge’s hypothesis, however, for a narrower
range of application. It is thus concluded that Poisson’s hypothesis is superior as compared with Newton’s and Stronge’s hypotheses. 相似文献
6.
J. Rogalski 《Cognition, Technology & Work》1999,1(4):247-256
Managing dynamic environments often requires decision making under uncertainty and risk. Two types of uncertainty are involved:
uncertainty about the state and the evolution of the situation, and ‘openness’ of the possible actions to face possible consequences.
In an experimental study on risk management in dynamic situations, two contrasted ‘ecological’ scenarios – transposed from
effective situations of emergency management – were compared in order to identify the impact of their ‘openness’ in the subjects’
strategies for decision making. The ‘Lost Child’ scenario presented qualitative and irreversible consequences (child’s death)
and high uncertainty; it exerted high demands both in risk assessment (risk representation) and action elaboration and choice.
A less open situation (‘Hydrocarbon Fire’) required a main choice between two contrasted actions, with quantitative computable
consequences. The strategies of ‘experimental subjects’ (university students) and ‘operative subjects’ (professional fire-fighter
officers) were compared in order to evaluate the ecological validity of experimental research in this field, from the point
of view of the subjects themselves. The two scenarios appeared to be independent, so that quite different models of decision
making have to be hypothesised, differing by the importance of assessing risk and defining possible actions on the one hand,
and by the process of choice on the other. ‘Experimental’ subjects dramatically differed from ‘operative’ subjects when confronted
with the same scenario, particularly for the less technical but more demanding scenario. It is hypothesised that three components
might account for the effect of the situations and for the differences between and within groups of subjects: importance of
situation assessment, spatial abilities, and global orientation of activity in managing dynamic risk. 相似文献
7.
Istvan S. N. Berkeley 《Minds and Machines》2008,18(1):93-105
The notion of a ‘symbol’ plays an important role in the disciplines of Philosophy, Psychology, Computer Science, and Cognitive
Science. However, there is comparatively little agreement on how this notion is to be understood, either between disciplines,
or even within particular disciplines. This paper does not attempt to defend some putatively ‘correct’ version of the concept
of a ‘symbol.’ Rather, some terminological conventions are suggested, some constraints are proposed and a taxonomy of the
kinds of issue that give rise to disagreement is articulated. The goal here is to provide something like a ‘geography’ of
the various notions of ‘symbol’ that have appeared in the various literatures, so as to highlight the key issues and to permit
the focusing of attention upon the important dimensions. In particular, the relationship between ‘tokens’ and ‘symbols’ is
addressed. The issue of designation is discussed in some detail. The distinction between simple and complex symbols is clarified
and an apparently necessary condition for a system to be potentially symbol, or token bearing, is introduced. 相似文献
8.
Jin-Ho Park interprets Schindler’s “reference frames in space” as set forth in his 1916 lecture note on mathematics, proportion,
and architecture, in the context of Robinson’s1898–99 articles in the Architectural Record. Schindler’s unpublished, handwritten notes provide a source for his concern for “rhythmic” dimensioning in architecture.
He uses a system in which rectangular dimensions are arranged in “rows.” Architectural examples of Schindler’s Shampay, Braxton-Shore
and How Houses illustrate the principles. 相似文献
9.
DSM as a knowledge capture tool in CODE environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A design structure matrix (DSM) provides a simple, compact, and visual representation of a complex system/ process. This paper
shows how DSM, a system engineering tool, is applied as a knowledge capture (acquisition) tool in a generic NPD process. The
acquired knowledge (identified in the DSM) is provided in the form of Questionnaires, which are organized into five performance
indicators of the organization namely ‘Marketing’, ‘Technical’, ‘Financial’, ‘Resource Management’, and ‘Project Management’.
Industrial application is carried out for knowledge validation. It is found form the application that the acquired knowledge
helps NPD teams, managers and stakeholders to benchmark their NPD endeavor and select areas to focus their improvement efforts
(up to 80% valid). 相似文献
10.
This work presents a novel interleaving crescent broadcasting protocol for near video-on-demand service. The interleaving crescent broadcasting protocol is a trade-off among
the subscriber’s access latency, maximum buffer requirement, needed subscriber’s bandwidth, and maximum disk I/O transfer
rate. A longer subscriber’s access latency may cause a subscriber to leave. A lower maximum buffer requirement, a lower needed
subscriber’s bandwidth, and a lower maximum disk I/O transfer rate reduce subscribers’ costs. The interleaving crescent broadcasting
protocol not only makes access latency shorter, but also lowers the overall system’s cost. We prove the correctness of the
interleaving crescent protocol; provide mathematical analyses to demonstrate its efficiency. 相似文献
11.
It is important to model and predict residents’ behaviors in an emergency in order to establish good evacuation schemes during disasters. This research presents modeling and simulation of residents’ behaviors in a nuclear disaster focusing on residents’ decision-making processes: information acquisition, situation assessment, and selecting actions. We selected qualitative causal relations between residents’ behaviors and the attributes of information, human, and situations from 57 reviews of the past 12 disaster cases. We then constructed a conceptual model of residents’ behaviors in a conventional stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model of human information processing. We adopted probabilistic reasoning (Bayesian belief network) to simulate the situation assessment of a resident in a nuclear disaster. We carried out a simulation using the announcement log of the JCO criticality accident and confirmed that the model could simulate the tendencies in residents’ behaviors observed in the actual disaster and can reflect various features of the conceptual model. 相似文献
12.
Stuart Jackson Nuala Brady Fred Cummins Kenneth Monaghan 《Artificial Intelligence Review》2006,26(1-2):141-154
Recent findings in neuroscience suggest an overlap between those brain regions involved in the control and execution of movement
and those activated during the perception of another’s movement. This so called ‘mirror neuron’ system is thought to underlie
our ability to automatically infer the goals and intentions of others by observing their actions. Kilner et al. (Curr Biol
13(6):522–525, 2003) provide evidence for a human ‘mirror neuron’ system by showing that the execution of simple arm movements
is affected by the simultaneous perception of another’s movement. Specifically, observation of ‘incongruent’ movements made
by another human, but not by a robotic arm, leads to greater variability in the movement trajectory than observation of movements
in the same direction. In this study we ask which aspects of the observed motion are crucial to this interference effect by
comparing the efficacy of real human movement to that of sparse ‘point-light displays’. Eight participants performed whole
arm movements in both horizontal and vertical directions while observing either the experimenter or a virtual ‘point-light’
figure making arm movements in the same or in a different direction. Our results, however, failed to show an effect of ‘congruency’
of the observed movement on movement variability, regardless of whether a human actor or point-light figure was observed.
The findings are discussed, and future directions for studies of perception-action coupling are considered. 相似文献
13.
Virtual Reality - The availability of various extended reality (XR) systems for tracking users’ and objects’ behavior opens new opportunities for analyzing users’ and... 相似文献
14.
Fuminori Adachi Takashi Washio Atsushi Fujimoto Hiroshi Motoda Hidemitsu Hanafusa 《New Generation Computing》2005,23(4):291-313
The needs of efficient and flexible information retrieval on multi-structural data stored in database and network are significantly
growing. Especially, its flexibility plays one of the key roles to acquire relevant information desired by users in retrieval
process. However, most of the existing approaches are dedicated to a single content and data structure respectively, e.g.,
relational database and natural text. In this work, we propose “Multi-Structure Information Retrieval” (MSIR) approach applicable
to various types of contents and data structures by adapting a small part of the approach to data structures. The power of
this approach comes from the use of the invariant feature information obtained from byte patterns in the files through some
mathematical transformation. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach for both artificial and real data indicates
its high feasibility.
Fuminori Adachi: He received his Master of engineering from Osaka University in ’03. He is enrolled in the doctoral course of Osaka University
from ’03. His current research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning techniques.
Takashi Washio, Ph.D.: He received his Ph.D. from Tohoku University in ’88. In ’88, he became a visiting reseacher in Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. In ’90, he joined Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc., and is working for Osaka University from ’96. His current
research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning techniques.
Atsushi Fujimoto: He is enrolled in the master cource of Osaka University from ’03. His Current research interest includes correlation analysis,
data mining and machine learning techniques.
Hiroshi Motoda, Ph.D.: He received his Ph.D. from University of Tokyo in ’72. In ’67, he joined Hitachi Ltd. and has been working for Osaka University
since ’96. His current research interest includes scientific discovery, data mining and machine learning.
Hidemitsu Hanafusa: He received Master of Engineering from Keio University in ’83. In ’83, he joined The Kansai Electric Power Co. Ins. (KEPCO).
He researched on Maintenance Support System at INSS from ’97 to ’02. Now, he is working in KEPCO. 相似文献
15.
William J. Rapaport 《Minds and Machines》2011,21(1):3-17
Ford’s “Helen Keller Was Never in a Chinese Room” claims that my argument in “How Helen Keller Used Syntactic Semantics to
Escape from a Chinese Room” fails because Searle and I use the terms ‘syntax’ and ‘semantics’ differently, hence are at cross
purposes. Ford has misunderstood me; this reply clarifies my theory. 相似文献
16.
Peter Jones 《AI & Society》2010,25(4):455-464
The paper offers a critical reflection, inspired by the insights of integrational linguistics, on the conception of thinking
and action within the distributed cognition approach of Edwin Hutchins. Counterposing a fictional account of a mutiny at sea
to Hutchins’ observational study of navigation on board the Palau, the paper argues that the ethical fabric of communication and action with its ‘first person’ perspective must not be overlooked
in our haste to appeal to ‘culture’ as an alternative to the internalist, computer metaphor of thinking. The paper accepts
Hutchins’ own critique of the ‘meaning in the message’ illusion but goes beyond this critique to argue for a view of communication,
thinking and action as creative, ethically charged and morally accountable acts of engagement. 相似文献
17.
Shlomo Djerassi 《Multibody System Dynamics》2012,27(2):173-195
This paper deals with one-point collision with friction in three-dimensional, simple non-holonomic multibody systems. With
Keller’s idea regarding the normal impulse as an independent variable during collision, and with Coulomb’s friction law, the
system equations of motion reduce to five, coupled, nonlinear, first order differential equations. These equations have a
singular point if sticking is reached, and their solution is ‘navigated’ through this singularity in a way leading to either
sticking or sliding renewal in a uniquely defined direction. Here, two solutions are presented in connection with Newton’s,
Poisson’s and Stronge’s classical collision hypotheses. One is based on numerical integration of the five equations. The other,
significantly faster, replaces the integration by a recursive summation. In connection with a two-sled collision problem,
close agreement between the two solutions is obtained with a few summation steps. 相似文献
18.
This article offers a research update on a 3-year programme initiated by the Kamloops Art Gallery and the University College
of the Cariboo in Kamloops, British Columbia. The programme is supported by a ‘Community–University Research Alliance’ grant
from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the collaboration focuses on the cultural future of
small cities – on how cultural and arts organisations work together (or fail to work together) in a small city setting. If
not by definition, then certainly by default, ‘culture’ is associated with big city life: big cities are equated commonly
with ‘big culture’; small cities with something less. The Cultural Future of Small Cities research group seeks to provide
a more nuanced view of what constitutes culture in a small Canadian city. In particular, the researchers are exploring notions
of social capital and community asset building: in this context, ‘visual and verbal representation’, ‘home’, ‘community’ and
the need to define a local ‘sense of place’ have emerged as important themes. As the Small Cities programme begins its second
year, a unique but key aspect has become the artist-as-researcher.
Correspondence and offprint requests to: L. Dubinsky, Kamloops Art Gallery, 101–465 Victoria Street, Kamloops, BC V2C 2A9 Canada. Tel.: 250-828-3543; Email: ldubinsky@museums.ca 相似文献
19.
Mark Hogarth 《Natural computing》2009,8(3):493-498
Wittgenstein saw a problem with the idea that ‘rule following’ is a transparent process. Here I present an additional problem,
based on recent ideas about non-Turing computing. I show that even the simplest algorithm—Frege’s successor function, i.e.
counting—cannot by itself determine the ‘output’. Specification of a computing machine is also required. 相似文献
20.
Pest Control Expert System for Tomato (PCEST) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper presents a real-life pest control expert system for tomato. The system involves two main subtasks, namely: ‘diagnose’
and ‘treat’. The ‘diagnose’ subtask finds out the causes of the growers' complaints, while the ‘treat’ subtask finds out a
treatment plan for these causes. CommonKADS methodology has been used to develop the system. Dependency network is used as
one of our knowledge representation schemes in both subtasks. An expert system evaluation methodology has been suggested and
applied to the developed system.
Received May 1998 / Revised January 1999 / Accepted in revised form May 1999 相似文献