Internet计算环境下的新型软件形态——网构软件(Internetware)综述

软件形态受到应用、平台和技术发展的影响而不断演化。由于Internet这一新的计算环境的普及,传统的软件形态逐渐无法适应Internet环境下的开发和应用,需要研究新的软件形态和软件技术。该文在分析软件发展历史的基础上结合相关研究说明了基于Internet环境的网构软件(Internetware)是未来软件的发展趋势,介绍了网构软件的基本特征,并说明了网构软件领域的研究问题。     

Metamodeling: An Emerging Representation Paradigm for System-Level Design

Editor's note:The use of metamodeling in system design allows abstraction of concepts germane to a number of varying modeling domains, and provides the ability of exploiting meta-information for a variety of system design tasks such as analysis, verification, synthesis, and test generation. This article provides an overview of emerging metamodeling techniques and their applications.—Tim Cheng, IEEE Design & Test editor in chief     

一种基于自主构件的网构软件协作框架

网构软件的协作具有真分布、无全局规划、非强制性等新的特征,这对协作提出了新的要求.在传统构件的基础上,借鉴Agent领域中对自主性的理解,使用自主构件这一概念来对具有自主性的计算资源进行建模,并描述了一种基于自主构件的协作框架.该框架中借助环境改变来引导自主构件间的协作行为,协作过程中没有直接干预其他自主构件的行为,更没有强迫其他自主构件参与,但自主构件却能采取所期望的行动最终实现协作目标.     

Technical framework for Internetware: An architecture centric approach

Being a new software paradigm evolved by the Internet, Internetware brings many challenges to the traditional software methods and techniques. Sponsored by the national basic research program （973）, researchers in China have developed an architecture centric technical framework for the definition, incarnation and engineering of Internetware. First of all, a software model for Internetware is defined for what to be, including that Internetware entities should be packaged as components, behaving as agents, interoperating as services, collaborating in a structured and on demand manner, etc. Secondly, a middleware for Internetware is designed and implemented for how to be, including that Internetware entities are incarnated by runtime containers, structured collaborations are enabled by runtime software architecture, Internetware can be managed in a reflective and autonomic manner, etc. Thirdly, an engineering methodology for Internetware is proposed for how to do, including the way to develop Internetware entities and their collaborations by transforming and refining a set of software architectures which cover all the phases of software lifecycle, the way to identify and organize the disordered software assets by domain modeling, etc.     

基于Agent的网构软件需求监控框架

网构软件所面临的复杂、开放和动态变化的运行环境使其运行时行为常常会偏离需求规约.已有一些研究工作提出基于目标模型和需求推理实现软件需求的运行时监控和自修复,但还缺少实现框架,特别是缺少符合网构软件分布式和社会化特性的需求监控实现方法.针对这一问题,提出一种基于Agent的网构软件需求监控框架.框架中的需求监控Agent通过非侵入的方式实现对作为其宿主系统的网构软件实体的监控和干预,并通过Agent间的通信和协作实现社会化的目标委托和协作监控.为了验证框架的有效性,通过一个案例分析,对框架和工具实现进行了有效性评估.     

基于组织的网构软件程序设计语言及其实现

作为Internet环境下的一种新的软件形态,网构软件的自主性、协同性、适应性、演化性及柔性体系结构等特点对传统的程序设计模型、语言和支撑平台提出了一系列挑战.本文基于组织抽象和agent技术提出了支持网构软件构造的程序设计语言OragentL.首先,OragentL将软件agent作为网构软件中自主实体的抽象,并在这一层面设计和封装系统的自适应和自演化逻辑.其次,OragentL将组织、角色等组织抽象作为一级编程实体,提供了角色扮演、角色组合、角色演化、基于角色的交互、基于组织的自管理等机制为网构软件的动态性特点提供了显式的语言设施和机制支撑.我们设计了OragentL的语法和形式化操作语义,并开发了Oragentburg作为OragentL网构软件的运行时环境,支持OragentL程序的开发、编译、部署和运行     

CompuP2P: An Architecture for Internet Computing Using Peer-to-Peer Networks

Internet computing is emerging as an important new distributed computing paradigm in which resource intensive computing is integrated over Internet-scale networks. Over these large networks, different users and organizations share their computing resources, and computations take place in a distributed fashion. In such an environment, a framework is needed in which the resource providers are given incentives to share their resources. CompuP2P is a lightweight architecture for enabling Internet computing. It uses peer-to-peer networks for sharing of computing resources. CompuP2P create dynamic markets of network accessible computing resources, such as processing power, memory storage, disk space, etc., in a completely distributed, scalable, and fault-tolerant manner. This paper discusses the system architecture, functionality, and applications of the proposed CompuP2P architecture. We have implemented a Java-based prototype, and our results show that the system is light-weight and can provide almost a perfect speedup for applications that contain several independent compute-intensive tasks     

家庭网络的计算模式及其技术

家庭网络的最初思路是将家庭中的所有电器设备互联以实现设备之间的信息交换,而其发展目标就是人们可以随时随地、透明地获得家庭的数字化服务.在这个发展过程中,家庭网络将会出现不同的计算模式以及技术.本文以计算模式为基点,探讨了家庭网络的发展过程和趋势.     

Cloud Computing: Distributed Internet Computing for IT and Scientific Research

Cloud computing is a disruptive technology with profound implications not only for Internet services but also for the IT sector as a whole. Its emergence promises to streamline the on-demand provisioning of software, hardware, and data as a service, achieving economies of scale in IT solutions' deployment and operation. This issue's articles tackle topics including architecture and management of cloud computing infrastructures, SaaS and IaaS applications, discovery of services and data in cloud computing infrastructures, and cross-platform interoperability. Still, several outstanding issues exist, particularly related to SLAs, security and privacy, and power efficiency. Other open issues include ownership, data transfer bottlenecks, performance unpredictability, reliability, and software licensing issues. Finally, hosted applications' business models must show a clear pathway to monetizing cloud computing. Several companies have already built Internet consumer services such as search, social networking, Web email, and online commerce that use cloud computing infrastructure. Above all, cloud computing's still unknown "killer application" will determine many of the challenges and the solutions we must develop to make this technology work in practice.     

Guest Editor's Introduction: Pervasive Computing for Emerging Economies

Ubiquitous computing has the potential to cut across cultures and countries, to be both locally valuable and globally pervasive. To reach this potential, it's important for researchers to recognize the challenges, rewards, goals, and methods of developing these technologies--not just in wealthy IT-saturated environments, but in developing economies and regions as well.     

边缘计算:新型计算范式综述与应用研究

科学技术的快速发展,使万物互联设想不再仅仅停留在人们的概念中。随着接入无线网的智能设备数量的快速增长,边缘数据量已达到ZB级别,给核心网络带宽造成巨大压力;与此同时,无人驾驶、位置识别、增强现实、虚拟现实等众多新兴应用的出现对网络延迟、抖动、数据安全等提出了更高的要求。传统云计算在以上方面表现乏力,于是边缘计算(EC)应运而生。边缘计算能够在网络的边缘提供轻量级的云计算和存储能力。对边缘计算的最新研究成果和应用进行了详尽的回顾。首先综述边缘计算和云计算的概念并对比分析边缘计算的优势,指出边缘计算发展的必然性和时代趋势;然后针对典型边缘计算架构和平台进行了全面的综述,并讨论了网络性能优化、视频缓存、购物车视图刷新和网络视频直播等边缘计算中的典型应用案例。最后,从边缘计算服务管理、应用移动性管理、计算资源管理、数据管理等四方面,展望了边缘计算的开放式研究挑战和未来的发展趋势,希望能给从事边缘计算的科研工作者带来启发。     

自主计算软件工程方法

从软件工程角度对自主计算进行研究，定义了一种自、主计算系统模型．以此模型为基础，提出了一种多主体系统设计方法DPMAS用于自主计算系统的建模，提出了一种基于构件复用的层次化自主计算未统开发方法．根据研究成果，实现了一个自主计算开发环境，较好的支撑了自主计算系统的软件工程过程．     

An Approach to Distributed Computing System Software Design

Distributed computing systems represent a wide variety of computer systems, ranging from a centralized star network to a completely decentralized computer system. The design of software for distributed computing systems is more complicated due to many design constraints and interactions of software components of the system.     

PerCom 2004: Promoting the Pervasive Computing Paradigm

PerCom 2004's theme was the emergence of the pervasive computing and communications paradigm with the goal of providing computing and communication services all the time, everywhere. The featured research represented the advances in pervasive computing and communications, including wireless networks, mobile computing, distributed computing, and agent technologies that will help realize this goal.     

Guest Editors' Introduction: Emerging Internet Technologies for E-Learning

As a flourishing field, e-learning at large (including distance learning, Web-based learning, and digital game-based learning) has attracted increasing attention from both industry and academic sectors. To facilitate the development of effective e-learning systems, scalable technologies that support an arbitrary number of users while providing them with a good learning environment are needed. In this introduction, we provide an overview of e-learning system development with respect to a layered reference architecture, including the Internet infrastructure layer, the conceptual/modeling layer, and the application layer. In addition, the three articles included in this special issue cover the issues of managing the learning objects in an open and scalable architecture, incorporation of learners' pedagogical features in Web-based learning environments, and support of digital game-based learning. All these issues, though not exhaustive, are important to ensure successful development of e-learning systems on an Internet platform.     

Gauss: A Framework for Verifying Scientific Computing Software

High performance scientific computing software is of critical international importance as it supports scientific explorations and engineering. Software development in this area is highly challenging owing to the use of parallel/distributed programming methods and complex communication and synchronization libraries. There is very little use of formal methods to debug software in this area, given that the scientific computing community and the formal methods community have not traditionally worked together. The Utah Gauss project combines expertise from scientific computing and formal methods in addressing this problem. We currently focus on MPI programs which are the kind that run on over 60% of world's supercomputers. These are programs written in C / C++ / FORTRAN employing message passing concurrency supported by the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Large-scale MPI programs also employ shared memory threads to manage concurrency within smaller task sub-groups, capitalizing on the recent availability of small-scale (e.g. single-chip) shared memory multiprocessors; such mixed programming styles can result in additional bugs. MPI libraries themselves can be buggy as they strive to implement complex requirements employing aggressive techniques such as multi-threading. We have built a model extractor that extracts from MPI C programs a formal model consisting of communicating processes represented in Microsoft's Zing modeling language. MPI library functions are also being modeled in Zing. This allows us to run formal analysis on the models to detect bugs in the MPI programs being analyzed. Our preliminary results and future plans are described; in addition, our contribution is to expose the special needs of this area and suggest specific avenues for problem- driven advances in software model-checking applied to scientific computing software development and verification.     

The Changing Paradigm of Data-Intensive Computing

Through the development of new classes of software, algorithms, and hardware, data-intensive applications provide timely and meaningful analytical results in response to exponentially growing data complexity and associated analysis requirements.