WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

浅海人工岛波浪爬高的数值计算和实验验证

本文基于孤立波理论研究了浅海波浪对人工岛的非线性绕射，提出了采用有限差分法和有限远开边界的幅射条件计算人工岛上波浪爬高的数值模型，得到的数值计算结果与整体模型试验的实测结果进行了比较，二者吻合较好，为人工岛工程设计提供了可靠的高度参数。     

施工期台风浪作用下沉箱碰撞破坏分析

以“莎莉嘉”台风引起施工期沉箱碰撞破坏为背景,研究台风浪作用下施工期沉箱碰撞破坏模式及机理。提出基于台风浪作用下沉箱碰撞反应分析两步走的数值模拟方法,该方法利用高精度流体模拟软件Flow-3D的造波技术模拟台风引起的波浪传播过程,并与沉箱结构作用获取沉箱波浪力时程曲线;建立沉箱精细化有限元模型,将上述波浪力时程曲线施加于沉箱结构,利用LS-DYNA显式求解器分析沉箱结构的碰撞反应。应用该方法对“莎莉嘉”台风引起施工期沉箱碰撞破坏进行分析,结果表明:数值模拟的沉箱结构在不同波浪方向作用下发生不同角度的碰撞会导致不同的沉箱碰撞破坏模式,波浪作用方向与沉箱前后壁夹角为60°时,沉箱碰撞破坏模式与“莎莉嘉”台风作用期间的现场情况吻合较好。     

高雷诺数下带自由表面的重力波的有限元数值模型

本文基于扩展的虚拟浓度和Sommerfeld线性辐射边界条件建立了数值波浪水槽。用有限元方法结合大涡模拟（LES）湍流模型在Euler坐标系统中求解了二维不可压粘性流体的N－S方程，而自由表面函数方程是在沿流体质点迹线定义的Lagrange系统中求解的。为了检验该数值波浪模型的有效性，本文中用该数值波浪水槽进行了海底管线在波浪场中受力的数值实验，并与物模实验的结果做了对比，其雷诺数Re为10700。     

An experimental study on runup of two solitary waves on plane beaches

Experiments of the runup of two solitary waves on a plane beach are carried out in a wave flume. The two solitary waves with the same amplitude and the crest separating distances are generated by using an improved wave generation method. It is found that, with regard to the two solitary waves with same wave amplitude, the runup amplification of the second wave is less than that of the first wave if the relative crest separating distance is reduced to a certain threshold value. The rundown of the first solitary wave depresses the maximum runup of the second wave. If the leading solitary wave is of relatively smaller amplitude for the two solitary waves, the runup amplification is affected by the overtaking process of two solitary waves. It turns out that the runup amplification of the second wave is larger than that of the first wave if the similarity factor is approximately larger than 15, which means the larger wave overtakes the smaller one before the waves runup on a beach.     

三孤立波的斜坡爬高特征

该文采用推板式造波机和改进的Goring造波方法在波浪水槽中生成了由三个等波高孤立波组成的波列,首先在坡度为1/10的斜坡上进行了多个孤立波连续爬高的实验研究。实验测量了等波高双孤立波和三孤立波在等水深波浪水槽中传播和在斜坡上的爬高过程,给出了沿程多点浪高仪测量的波面时间序列和高速摄像记录的水线在斜坡上爬高与回落过程影像。分析了来波相对波高和无量纲波峰间距对每个孤立波爬高放大系数的影响。在基于RANS方程和VOF方法的数值波浪水槽中,模拟了三孤立波爬高过程,给出了最大爬高与破碎特征。实验和数值模拟结果表明,孤立波在斜坡上回落时会产生强劲的回流水流,该反向流动导致后随孤立波破碎,消耗波动能量,使得后随孤立波的爬高放大系数明显小于没有回落水流影响的首个孤立波的爬高放大系数。当孤立的波峰间较大时,若来波相对波高较小,后两个的孤立波爬高基本相同;若来波相对波高较大时,第三个孤立波的爬高大于第二个孤立波的爬高。     

基于SPH-ALE方法的波浪水槽数值模拟

为了精确模拟波浪传播,基于光滑粒子流体动力学及任意拉格朗日欧拉(SPH-ALE)方法建立二维数值波浪水槽,在原SPH方法中引入近似黎曼求解器替代人工黏性项,采用排斥力边界条件防止流体粒子穿透固边界,海绵层内采用指数型衰减函数来消除水槽末端的波浪反射,并对规则波的传播进行数值模拟。结果表明:与采用人工黏性项的原SPH方法相比,SPH-ALE方法能够无衰减地模拟波浪传播,并可有效减小固边界附近的粒子压力振荡。     

斜拉桥单塔结构在波浪作用下的数值模拟与试验研究

为了更准确的得到斜拉桥单塔结构的群桩承台基础上的波浪力,采用CFD方法,依据Stokes二阶波理论在FLUENT中运用边界造波法进行造波,数值模拟波浪作用下斜拉桥单塔结构的桩和承台上的一些点的动水压力,将这些动水压力与试验测得的动水压力进行对比,验证了CFD方法在模拟群桩承台结构波浪力方面的有效性。用有限元软件ANSYS建立斜拉桥单塔结构有限元模型,分别对结构的加速度、位移、应力结果进行分析。将数值模拟的加速度与试验加速度对比分析,验证了将点的动压转化为波浪集中力及施加到有限元模型上的方法是合理的。对位移和应力分析可知,斜拉桥单塔结构在波浪作用下是安全稳定的,与试验观测到的现象相一致。     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF WAVE EVOLUTION AND RUNUP IN SHALLOW WATER

Based on the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations for viscous, incompressible fluid and the VOF method, 2-D and 3-D Numerical Wave Tanks (NWT) for nonlinear shallow water waves are built. The dynamic mesh technique is applied, which can save computational resources dramatically for the simulation of solitary wave propagating at a constant depth. Higher order approximation for cnoidal wave is employed to generate high quality waves. Shoaling and breaking of solitary waves over different slopes are simulated and analyzed systematically. Wave runup on structures is also investigated. The results agree very well with experimental data or analytical solutions.     

堤防工程设计波浪爬高分析与计算

根据有关规范及资料,综合论述了堤防工程设计时,由风场要素推求设计波浪要素、波浪传播变形及波浪爬高分析计算方法,结合实际工程对不同方法进行比较,提出合适计算方法.     

非线性波浪绕射问题的数值计算

本文给出非线性波浪绕射问题的计算模型,并用时间步进和边界元法求解。该模型能适用于严重非线性情形,且能满足初始条件和辐射条件。作为对该模型的检验,我们对孤立波绕过穿刺水面的直立圆柱的算例进行了计算,并同Isaacson的解析解、李宝元的差分解进行了比较,结果吻合很好。此外我们还用数值方法同时模拟造波机造波和求该波与直立圆柱的相互作用。结果表明,数值波浪水池能够以尽可能短的暂态过程,模拟波浪与物体的相互作用,提供良好的初始条件。数值波浪水池还能用于任意水深、任意水底形状下的相互作用问题。本文的计算模型和算法具有机时省,计算稳定的优点。     

变水深下孤立波对直立大圆柱的绕射

本文以平均速度势表示的Boussinesq方程为控制方程,采用文献[1]中所提出的谱方法,研究孤立波在变水深下对直立大圆柱的绕射。通过数值方法求得圆柱所受到的波浪力系数,讨论水深变化对圆柱波浪力系数的影响。     

新型透空组合板式防波堤结构型式及消浪特性分析

为提高透空式防波堤的消浪性能并减小结构受力,在前人研究基础上提出了一种新型透空组合板式防波堤,比较分析了该型式的防波堤(模型c)与另外两种型式的防波堤(模型a和模型b)的结构特点。通过物理模型试验,探讨了模型c在不同影响因素下的消浪特性,并对比分析了模型a与模型c的透射系数、反射系数和能量耗散系数在不同相对堤宽下的变化关系,比较了两种模型的消浪效果。分析得出,由于模型c兼具开孔水平板式防波堤和开孔挡板式防波堤的作用,模型c的波浪反射小于模型a,消浪效果优于模型a,且模型c这种结构能有效减小防波堤结构受力;当模型宽度和相对间隙比同时较大时消浪效果更好,防波堤出水后的消浪性能要优于淹没状态下的防波堤。     

REFLECTION OF OBLIQUE INCIDENT WAVES BY PERFORATED CAISSONS WITH TRAVERSE WALL

The interaction of oblique incident waves with infinite number of perforated caissons is investigated. The fluid domain is divided into infinite sub-domains by the caissons, and eigen-function expansion is applied to expand velocity potentials in each domain. A phase relation is introduced for wave oscillation in each caisson, and the structure geometry is considered in constructing the models of reflection waves. The reflected waves with the present analysis include all of the waves traveling in different directions when incident wave period is short. Numerical examinations show that velocities at the inner and outer sides of the front walls of caissons are close to each other, and reflection coefficients satisfy the energy conservation relation very well when porous effect parameter is infinite. Numerical results show that the reflection coefficients of oblique incident waves are smaller for shorter caissons at low frequency, and decrease with the increase of wave incident angle.     

大型海洋结构物的非线性绕射效应

本文在空间上应用面源法,在时间域上应用步进法,数值处理了三维物体与非线性波浪的相互干扰,研究了结构物的非线性绕射效应。首先,作为比较,求解了正弦波列和孤立波绕射垂直桩柱的情形。接着,进一步求解了大振幅波浪绕射固定在自由面上的大型浮动码头的工程实例。结果表明,非线性波浪绕射力与线性结果,有一定的差别。有时,尽管从总体效应来看,这种差别不十分明显,但从上浪、出水和波的爬高以及局部应力等局部效应来看,这种差别可能很明显。     

潜堤上波浪传播过程数值研究

以RANS方程结合Level-Set方法为研究基础,采用五阶WENO有限差分格式进行空间离散、三阶TVD Runge-Kutta格式进行时间推进、Level-Set方法追踪波浪与空气间自由面以及解析松弛法来实现数值水槽中的造波消波,建立了一种求解潜堤上波浪传播问题的数值计算模型。选取经典的潜堤上波浪传播物理试验模型对数值模型进行了验证,水位计算结果与试验值吻合较好。进一步研究了波高、潜堤顶部淹没深度以及潜堤坡度等参数对潜堤上波浪传播过程的影响。结果表明:波高越高、淹没深度越浅、潜堤向波坡度越小,波浪受浅水作用越明显;潜堤背波坡度越小,波浪受反浅水作用稍大,但并不明显。     

Numerical study of edge waves using extended Boussinesq equations

An edge wave numerical model was developed based on extended Boussinesq equations with the internal wave-generation method. The form of edge waves near a seawall was chosen as the input signal in order to avoid treatment of the moving shoreline on a sloping beach. As there was an energy transfer between different edge wave modes, not only the target mode but also other modes appeared in the simulations. Due to the nonlinear effect, the simulation results for mode-0 edge waves were slightly modulated by mode-1 and mode-2 waves. As the magnitudes of these higher-mode waves are not significantly related to those of the target mode, the internal wave-generation method in Boussinesq equations can produce high-quality edge waves. The numerical model was used to investigate the nonlinear properties of standing edge waves, and the numerical results were in strong agreement with theory.     

开孔倾斜平板消波效果试验研究

对开孔倾斜平板在二维规则波作用下的消波效果进行了物理模型试验研究,在平板与静水面夹角为±15°的情形下,比较分析了平板开孔率为0%、10%、20%和30%时,其对波浪反射系数、透射系数的影响以及能量衰减系数随着相对宽度(平板宽度与波长之比)的变化关系。研究结果表明,两种不同夹角情形下,倾斜平板在与静水面成15°时的消波效果要优于-15°,相对宽度和开孔率均影响平板的消波效果。     

基于RANS方程的海堤越浪数值模拟

基于FLUENT商业化软件,以RANS方程为控制方程,基于有限体积法,采用k-epsilon湍流模型,运用一种“解析松弛”方法实现了适用于VOF方法的数值源造波技术。在该数值波浪水槽中对规则波在不可渗透简单斜坡堤上越浪过程进行了数值模拟,将越浪量计算值同物理实验结果及基于非线性浅水方程的数值结果进行了比对。结果表明：该数值模型能够较好地复演海堤越浪过程,同基于非线性浅水方程的数值结果相比,能更有效地模拟含有强烈卷吸、射流和破碎的海堤越浪问题。     

Application of CLEAR-VOF method to wave and flow simulations

A two-dimensional numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations and computational Lagrangian-Eulerian advection remap-volume of fluid (CLEAR-VOF) method was developed to simulate wave and flow problems. The Navier-Stokes equations were discretized with a three-step finite element method that has a third-order accuracy. In the CLEAR-VOF method, the VOF function F was calculated in the Lagrangian manner and allowed the complicated free surface to be accurately captured. The propagation of regular waves and solitary waves over a flat bottom, and shoaling and breaking of solitary waves on two different slopes were simulated with this model, and the numerical results agreed with experimental data and theoretical solutions. A benchmark test of dam-collapse flow was also simulated with an unstructured mesh, and the capability of the present model for wave and flow simulations with unstructured meshes, was verified. The results show that the model is effective for numerical simulation of wave and flow problems with both structured and unstructured meshes.