共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Information and Software Technology》2006,48(9):846-868
Ensuring that organizational IT is in alignment with and provides support for an organization's business strategy is critical to business success. Despite this, business strategy and strategic alignment issues are all but ignored in the requirements engineering research literature. We present B-SCP, a requirements engineering framework for organizational IT that directly addresses an organization's business strategy and the alignment of IT requirements with that strategy. B-SCP integrates the three themes of strategy, context, and process using a requirements engineering notation for each theme. We demonstrate a means of cross-referencing and integrating the notations with each other, enabling explicit traceability between business processes and business strategy. In addition, we show a means of defining requirements problem scope as a Jackson problem diagram by applying a business modeling framework. Our approach is illustrated via application to an exemplar. The case example demonstrates the feasibility of B-SCP, and we present a comparison with other approaches. 相似文献
2.
3.
Tomas Vitvar Adrian Mocan Mick Kerrigan Michal Zaremba Maciej Zaremba Matthew Moran Emilia Cimpian Thomas Haselwanter Dieter Fensel 《Service Oriented Computing and Applications》2007,1(2):129-154
Semantically enabled service-oriented architecture focused on principles of service orientation, semantic modeling, intelligent
and automated integration defines grounds for a cutting-edge technology which enables new means to integration of services,
more adaptive to changes in business requirements which occur over systems’ lifetime. We define the architecture starting
from a global perspective and through Web service modeling ontology as its semantic service model we narrow down to its services,
processes and technology we use for the reference implementation. On a B2B integration scenario we demonstrate several aspects
of the architecture and further describe the evaluation of the implementation according to a community-agreed standard evaluation
methodology for semantic-based systems. 相似文献
4.
5.
Marcelo G. Armentano Analía A. Amandi 《User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction》2012,22(3):281-311
User goals are of major importance for an interface agent because they serve as a context to define what the user’s focus
of attention is at a given moment. The user’s goals should be detected as soon as possible, after observing few user actions,
in order to provide the user with timely assistance. In this article, we describe an approach for modeling and recognizing
user goals from observed sequences of user actions by using Variable Order Markov models combined with an exponential moving
average (EMA) on the prediction probabilities. The validity of our approach has been tested using data collected from real
users in the Unix domain. The results obtained show that an interface agent can achieve near 90% average accuracy and over
58% online accuracy in predicting the most probable user goal after each observed action, in a time linear to the number of
goals being modeled. We also found that the use of an EMA allows a faster convergence in the actual user goal. 相似文献
6.
Two basic requirements from a system’s conceptual model are correctness and comprehensibility. Most modeling methodologies
satisfy only one of these apparently contradicting requirements, usually comprehensibility, leaving aside problems of correctness
and ambiguousness that are associated with expressiveness. Some formal modeling languages do exist, but in these languages
a complete model of a complex system is fairly complicated to understand. Object-process methodology (OPM) is a holistic systems
modeling methodology that combines the two major aspects of a system—structure and behavior—in one model, providing mechanisms
to manage the complexity of the model using refinement-abstraction operations, which divide a complex system into many interconnected
diagrams. Although the basic syntax and semantics of an OPM model are defined, they are incomplete and leave room for incorrect
or ambiguous models. This work advances the formal definition of OPM by providing a graph grammar for creating and checking
OPM diagrams. The grammar provides a validation methodology of the semantic and syntactic correctness of a single object-process
diagram. 相似文献
7.
Goal-driven risk assessment in requirements engineering 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Risk analysis is traditionally considered a critical activity for the whole software system’s lifecycle. Risks are identified
by considering technical aspects (e.g., failures of the system, unavailability of services, etc.) and handled by suitable
countermeasures through a refined design. This, however, introduces the problem of reconsidering system requirements. In this
paper, we propose a goal-oriented approach for analyzing risks during the requirements analysis phase. Risks are analyzed
along with stakeholder interests, and then countermeasures are identified and introduced as part of the system’s requirements.
This work extends the Tropos goal modeling formal framework proposing new concepts, qualitative reasoning techniques, and
methodological procedures. The approach is based on a conceptual framework composed of three main layers: assets, events,
and treatments. We use “loan origination process” case study to illustrate the proposal, and we present and discuss experimental
results obtained from the case study. 相似文献
8.
《Information and Software Technology》2005,47(5):319-337
Jackson's problem frames is an approach to describing a recurring software problem. It is presumed that some knowledge of the application domain and context has been gathered so that an appropriate problem frame can be determined. However, the identification of aspects of the problem, and its appropriate ‘framing’ is recognised as a difficult task. One way to describe a software problem context is through process modelling. Once contextual information has been elicited, and explicitly described, an understanding of what problems need to be solved should emerge. However, this use of process models to inform requirements is often rather ad hoc; the traceability from business process to software requirement is not always as straightforward as it ought to be. Hence, this paper proposes an approach for deriving and contextualising software requirements through use of the problem frames approach from business process models. We apply the approach on a live industrial e-business project in which we assess the relevance and usefulness of problem frames as a means of describing the requirements context. We found that the software problem did not always match easily with Jackson's five existing frames. Where no frame was identified, however, we found that Jackson's problem diagrams did couch the requirements in their right context, and thus application of the problem frames approach was useful. This implies a need for further work in adapting a problem frames approach to the context of e-business systems. 相似文献
9.
Requirements engineering (RE) research often ignores or presumes a uniform nature of the context in which the system operates.
This assumption is no longer valid in emerging computing paradigms, such as ambient, pervasive and ubiquitous computing, where
it is essential to monitor and adapt to an inherently varying context. Besides influencing the software, context may influence
stakeholders’ goals and their choices to meet them. In this paper, we propose a goal-oriented RE modeling and reasoning framework
for systems operating in varying contexts. We introduce contextual goal models to relate goals and contexts; context analysis to refine contexts and identify ways to verify them; reasoning techniques to derive requirements reflecting the context and
users priorities at runtime; and finally, design time reasoning techniques to derive requirements for a system to be developed
at minimum cost and valid in all considered contexts. We illustrate and evaluate our approach through a case study about a
museum-guide mobile information system. 相似文献
10.
In today’s dynamic business environments, organizations are under pressure to modernize their existing software systems in
order to respond to changing business demands. Service oriented architectures provide a composition framework to create new
business functionalities from autonomous building blocks called services, enabling organizations to quickly adapt to changing
conditions and requirements. Characteristics of services offer the promise of leveraging the value of enterprise systems through
source code reuse. In this respect, existing system components can be used as the foundation of newly created services. However, one problem
to overcome is the lack of business semantics to support the reuse of existing source code. Without sufficient semantic knowledge
about the code in the context of business functionality, it would be impossible to utilize source code components in services
development. In this paper, we present an automated approach to enrich source code components with business semantics. Our
approach is based on the idea that the gap between the two ends of an enterprise system—(1) services as processes and (2)
source code—can be bridged via similarity of data definitions used in both ends. We evaluate our approach in the framework
of a commercial enterprise systems application. Initial results indicate that the proposed approach is useful for annotating
source code components with business specific knowledge. 相似文献
11.
自底向上建模方法中的业务过程由不同组织开发,无法在设计阶段就预见其潜在的所有交互可能.因此,在实际协作中,建立协同业务过程可能与参与组织期望的系统功能和特性不一致.为此,提出一种协同业务过程与需求的建模及一致性验证方法.首先,引入并发操作符,提供一种通过组合参与组织的业务过程构建协同业务过程方法;然后,扩展目标模型,提出需求依赖图来建模参与组织的需求;最后,基于模型检测技术提出协同业务过程与需求一致性检测方法.重点解决了将协同业务过程转换为表达能力相同FSP进程规约和参与组织需求转换为LTL公式这两个问题.通过对典型的协同业务过程集阐述提出方法的有效性,并对方法分析效率进行评价,结果表明:相对已有工作,提出方法能够更加有效地用于协同业务过程与需求的一致性分析. 相似文献
12.
Deriving Goals from a Use-Case Based Requirements Specification 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Annie I. Antón Ryan A. Carter Aldo Dagnino John H. Dempster Devon F. Siege 《Requirements Engineering》2001,6(1):63-73
Use cases and scenarios have emerged as prominent analysis tools during requirements engineering activities due to both their
richness and informality. In some instances, for example when a project’s budget or schedule time is reduced at short notice,
practitioners have been known to adopt a collection of use cases as a suitable substitute for a requirements specification.
Given the challenges inherent in managing large collections of scenarios, this shortcut is cause for concern and deserves
focused attention. We describe our experiences during a goal-driven requirements analysis effort for an electronic commerce
application. In particular, we identify the specific risks incurred, focusing more on the challenges imposed due to traceability,
inconsistent use of terminology, incompleteness and consistency, rather than on traditional software project management risks.
We conclude by discussing the impact of the lessons learned for requirements engineering in the context of building quality
systems during goal and scenario analysis. 相似文献
13.
Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a relatively new domain that is rapidly developing. “The primary reason for developing EA
is to support business by providing the fundamental technology and process structure for an IT strategy” [TOGAF]. EA models
have to model enterprises facets that span from marketing to IT. As a result, EA models tend to become large. Large EA models
create a problem for model management. Concern-based design methods (CBDMs) aim to solve this problem by considering EA models
as a composition of smaller, manageable parts—concerns. There are dozens of different CBDMs that can be used in the context
of EA: from very generic methods to specific methods for business modeling or IT implementations. This variety of methods
can cause two problems for those who develop and use innovative CBDMs in the field of Enterprise Architecture (EA). The first
problem is to choose specific CBDMs that can be used in a given EA methodology: this is a problem for researchers who develop
their own EA methodology. The second problem is to find similar methods (with the same problem domain or with similar frameworks)
in order to make a comparative analysis with these methods: this is a problem of researchers who develop their own CBDMs related
to a specific problem domain in EA (such as business process modeling or aspect oriented programming). We aim to address both
of these problems by means of a definition of generic Requirements for CBDMs based on the system inquiry. We use these requirements
to classify twenty CBDMs in the context of EA. We conclude with a short discussion about trends that we have observed in the
field of concern-based design and modeling. 相似文献
14.
Philipp Liegl Christian Huemer Christian Pichler 《Service Oriented Computing and Applications》2011,5(3):183-202
Electronic data interchange is the domain of exchanging business documents in a structured format. Nowadays, these systems
take more and more advantage of service-oriented solutions. Nevertheless, a rigorous approach to customize the input and output
messages of these services to the context of a business partnership is required. In this paper, we suggest a model-driven
approach to develop the XML Schemas of input and output messages of web services. Since classical data modeling approaches
like regular UML class diagrams are not sufficient for modeling business documents, we base our approach on the UN/CEFACT
Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS), which does not come with a presentation syntax. Thus, we deliver a UML profile
extending class diagrams by CCTS concepts, called UML Profile for Core Components (UPCC). UPCC models are transferred to equivalent
XML Schemas following well-defined naming and design rules. In order to allow for an easy search and retrieval of core component
business document definitions, a registry is needed. The registry has to handle UPCC models—that are exchanged and stored
in XMI—as well as their XML Schema equivalences. In this paper, we extend the ebRIM registry meta-model for the special purpose
of registering core component artifacts and defining their interdependencies. 相似文献
15.
Enver Sangineto Nicola Capuano Matteo Gaeta Alessandro Micarelli 《Universal Access in the Information Society》2008,7(1-2):1-23
This paper presents an approach to automatic course generation and student modeling. The method has been developed during
the European funded projects Diogene and Intraserv, focused on the construction of an adaptive e-learning platform. The aim
of the platform is the automatic generation and personalization of courses, taking into account pedagogical knowledge on the
didactic domain as well as statistic information on both the student’s knowledge degree and learning preferences. Pedagogical
information is described by means of an innovative methodology suitable for effective and efficient course generation and
personalization. Moreover, statistic information can be collected and exploited by the system in order to better describe
the student’s preferences and learning performances. Learning material is chosen by the system matching the student’s learning
preferences with the learning material type, following a pedagogical approach suggested by Felder and Silverman. The paper
discusses how automatic learning material personalization makes it possible to facilitate distance learning access to both
able-bodied and disabled people. Results from the Diogene and Intraserv evaluation are reported and discussed. 相似文献
16.
The context-aware services require to efficiently perceive not only the user requirements but also the context of the environment
to provide customized services to the user. To efficiently develop the context-aware applications a systematic methodology
correctly specifying the relation among dynamically changing contexts is essential. Here the context model simplifying the
manipulation of complex contexts is a key accessor for the specification and analysis of the service. Among various modeling
approaches such as timed automata (Tang and You in Intell Automat Soft Comput 16(4):605–619, 2010), workflow (Rosemann et al. in Understanding context-awareness in business process design, 2010), Petri net (PN) (J?rgensen et al. in Innovat Syst Softw Eng 5(1):13–25, 2009), etc. developed for context-aware system, the PN-based approach has been recognized as one of the most effective one. In
this paper we identify the issues of how the contexts are modeled and what kinds of the requirements needs to be considered
in the context processing. We then discuss various Petri net (PN)-based modeling methodologies concerning the five important
features for context processing: relationships and dependencies, time constraint, resource constraint, usability of modeling
formalisms, and context identification. The study reveals that the approach effectively allowing both the time and resource
constraints in the model while supporting other important properties needs to be developed further for accurately assess the
context-aware systems. Also, the expandability and scalability issue need to be investigated. 相似文献
17.
Collaboration and coordination between organizations are necessary in today’s business environment, and are enabled by inter-organizational
processes. Many approaches for the construction of such processes have been proposed in recent years. However, due to the
lack of standard terminology it is hard to evaluate and select a solution that fits a specific business scenario. The paper
proposes a conceptual model which depicts the nature of interaction between organizations through business processes under
specific business requirements that emphasize the privacy and autonomy of the participating organizations. The model is generic,
and relies on the generic process model (GPM) framework and on Bunge’s ontology. Being generic and theory-based, we propose
to use the model as a basis for comparing and evaluating design and implementation-level approaches for inter-organizational
processes. We demonstrate the evaluation procedure by applying it to three existing approaches.
Johny Ghattas is currently a PhD student in the Management Information Systems department in the University of Haifa in Israel. He has an M.Sc. in Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Valladolid in Spain, and an MBA from the Edinburgh Business College. In his professional life, Johny specializes in business process management, requirement engineering, and enterprise architecture design and implementation. His current research deals with the establishment of a business process learning framework. Pnina Soffer is a lecturer in the Management Information Systems department in the University of Haifa in Israel. She received her Ph.D. from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology in 2002. In her Ph.D. thesis she developed a requirement-driven approach to the alignment of enterprise processes and an ERP system. Pnina also has industrial experience as a production engineer and as an ERP consultant. Her current research areas are formal methods for business process modeling, conceptual modeling, and requirements engineering. 相似文献
Pnina SofferEmail: |
Johny Ghattas is currently a PhD student in the Management Information Systems department in the University of Haifa in Israel. He has an M.Sc. in Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Valladolid in Spain, and an MBA from the Edinburgh Business College. In his professional life, Johny specializes in business process management, requirement engineering, and enterprise architecture design and implementation. His current research deals with the establishment of a business process learning framework. Pnina Soffer is a lecturer in the Management Information Systems department in the University of Haifa in Israel. She received her Ph.D. from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology in 2002. In her Ph.D. thesis she developed a requirement-driven approach to the alignment of enterprise processes and an ERP system. Pnina also has industrial experience as a production engineer and as an ERP consultant. Her current research areas are formal methods for business process modeling, conceptual modeling, and requirements engineering. 相似文献
18.
M. A. Serhani A. Jaffar Piers Campbell Y. Atif 《Information Systems and E-Business Management》2011,9(4):497-517
Managing multilingual documents is a time consuming, error prone and expensive task, particularly when dealing with dynamic
documents such as web contents. A broad spectrum of organizations such as corporations, NGO’s and Governments are committed
to offer such documents in a number of languages where the content is further localized to suit specific cultural settings.
In this paper, we propose a business model supported by a web services-enabled framework, which facilitate all aspects related
to multilingual web contents management, from negotiating translation-request quotations through production of final localized
output as well as its verification, and delivery. This service is based on a collaborative internet-based translation framework,
referred to in this paper as Translation Management System (TMS). Our approach uses XLIFF, a Web service standard developed
by OASIS, in order to interoperate enterprise translation services and related Web applications. We present and implement
a translation business model centered around standardized processes, which we validate through a case study in the context
of a Web translation project. We also propose a QoS monitoring model to satisfy the quality-related requirements of a translation
job. Finally, we evaluate the usability of our streamlined Web translation services through users’ perception in terms of
flexibility, ease of use, and quality of translation. The results revealed interesting performance tradeoffs relative to translation
workflows and content-translation accuracy as well as flexibility, and diversity of TMS provided services. 相似文献
19.
A. A. Ambartsumyan 《Automation and Remote Control》2011,72(8):1718-1734
We describe a methodology of discrete event modeling for a class of distributed objects and their required behavior (specifications)
for the design of real time automation systems. In our methodology, we use the structured discrete event system (SDES2) model:
on the first stage, it is used to analyze the functionality and coherence of the object and its specification; on the second,
we propose for SDES2 a basic synthesis method that works for the models of object and supervisor based on Petri nets (both
modeling and controlling). At the same time, we propose to synthesize the supervisor as a Petri net embedded in SDES2 with
a feedback circuit in order to restrict the object’s operation according to specification requirements. We propose an interaction
mechanism for the modeling and controlling Petri nets with the object and the external environment. In essence, the interaction
mechanism is an object control scheme based on the constructed net. This mechanism analyzes the current state of the object
and computes the controls that should be passed on to the object’s actuators. Computations are done with a cyclic procedure
looping over the matrix representation of the net. 相似文献
20.
A UML-Based Approach to System Testing 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
System testing is concerned with testing an entire system based on its specifications. In the context of object-oriented, UML development, this means that system test requirements are derived from UML analysis artifacts such as use cases, their corresponding sequence and collaboration diagrams, class diagrams, and possibly Object Constraint Language (OCL) expressions across all these artifacts. Our goal here is to support the derivation of functional system test requirements, which will be transformed into test cases, test oracles, and test drivers once we have detailed design information. In this paper, we describe a methodology in a practical way and illustrate it with an example. In this context, we address testability and automation issues, as the ultimate goal is to fully support system testing activities with high-capability tools. 相似文献