基于生物质单宁的低甲醛释放量酚醛泡沫制备与性能

利用生物质单宁取代部分苯酚,定量尿素作为甲醛捕捉剂,制备了单宁改性可发泡酚醛树脂,然后以硫酸与对甲苯磺酸混合酸作为固化剂,正戊烷为发泡剂,制备了单宁改性酚醛泡沫。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对树脂结构进行了表征,依据GB/T 30694–2014检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量的影响,使用电子万能试验机和极限氧指数(LOI)仪检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,改性酚醛泡沫pH为6;当加入的单宁用量为苯酚质量的3%时,改性酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量最低为1.1875 mg/L,达到了人造板E1标准,泡沫压缩强度为0.2166 MPa,冲击强度为2.81 kJ/m~2,粉化率低至2.01%,LOI达到37%,其综合性能最好。相对于纯酚醛泡沫,单宁改性酚醛泡沫的力学性能有所提升,脆性明显改善,阻燃性能显著提高。     

聚氨酯预聚体增韧酚醛泡沫保温板的性能

研究了聚氨酯改性剂改性酚醛泡沫,测试了改性酚醛泡沫的性能,采用热重、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析改性酚醛泡沫的微观结构,最终得到一种保温效果好、力学性能优异的新型酚醛泡沫。改性后酚醛泡沫具有如下特点:保温效果好,导热系数为0.030 W/(m·K);硬度大,表观密度可达40~60 kg/m3;韧性好,弯曲强度达2.1MPa,压缩强度提高16.5%,可达0.134 MPa。     

氧化石墨改性酚醛泡沫材料的制备及其表征

采用原位聚合法制备了氧化石墨改性酚醛树脂,并以其为主要原料制备酚醛泡沫材料。通过红外光谱仪、万能试验机、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对改性酚醛泡沫材料的力学性能、热稳定性以及微观结构进行表征。结果表明,与未改性的酚醛泡沫塑料相比,添加1.0%氧化石墨改性酚醛泡沫材料泡孔尺寸更加均匀,压缩强度比未改性的酚醛泡沫塑料提高65.0%,表面粉化率显著降低,氧化石墨对酚醛泡沫材料的强度、韧性及热稳定性均有显著的提高。     

酚化腐植酸改性酚醛泡沫材料的制备与性能分析

以特定工艺制备酚化改性腐植酸(PHA),选择并优化工艺参数从而制成PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料。采用傅里叶红外分析、热失重分析、氮吸附和冲击强度测试等方法对PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,当PHA含量为40%(质量分数,下同)时,PHA改性酚醛泡沫     

短玻璃纤维、K_2Ti_6O_(13)晶须改性酚醛泡沫的性能研究

分别利用K2Ti6O13晶须、短玻璃纤维对酚醛泡沫(PF)进行改性,并制备了不同短玻璃纤维含量的酚醛泡沫,考察了不同改性方法对酚醛泡沫的表观形貌、力学性能和保温性能的影响。表观形貌结果表明,添加4%K2Ti6O13晶须可以显著改变酚醛泡沫的表观形貌,使得泡孔更规则、均匀。力学性能测试表明,短玻璃纤维含量在8%以内,压缩强度和弯曲强度都随着短玻璃纤维含量的增加而增大;短玻璃纤维和短玻璃纤维/4%K2Ti6O13晶须可以显著提高酚醛泡沫的压缩强度和弯曲强度,压缩强度和弯曲强度最高分别提高了126%和208%;加入短玻璃纤维稍稍提高了酚醛泡沫的导热系数,降低了酚醛泡沫的保温性能;加入相同量的短玻璃纤维,短玻璃纤维/4%K2Ti6O13晶须改性的酚醛泡沫相比于短玻璃纤维改性酚醛泡沫具有更高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和保温性能。     

硅烷偶联剂改性酚醛泡沫塑料的制备和性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂KH–560作为增韧剂,制备了KH–560改性酚醛泡沫塑料,研究了KH–560含量对酚醛泡沫塑料性能的影响。结果表明,添加KH–560制备的改性酚醛泡沫塑料的性能得到明显提高,当KH–560质量分数(相对于参加反应苯酚的质量)为7%时,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的压缩强度、冲击强度和阻燃性均达到最大值,同纯酚醛泡沫塑料相比,分别提高了37%,68%和3.8%。当KH–560质量分数为5%时,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的粉化率最小,为1.6%。热失重分析结果表明,改性酚醛泡沫的热稳定性仅稍有降低,500℃时的质量保持率较纯酚醛泡沫塑料提高1%~3%,仍然保持优良的热稳定性。     

酚化腐植酸改性酚醛泡沫材料的制备与性能的分析

以特定工艺制备酚化改性腐植酸（PHA）,选择并优化工艺参数从而制成PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料。采用傅里叶红外分析、热失重分析、氮吸附和冲击强度测试等方法对PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,当PHA质量分数为40 %时, PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料的冲击强度为5.7 kJ/m2,压缩强度为0.33 MPa,极限氧指数为47 %,热导率为0.038 W/（m·K）,在400 ℃时的质量保留率为79.1 %。其各项性能良好,可以替代部分苯酚制备PHA改性酚醛泡沫材料。     

双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料性能研究

针对酚醛泡沫塑料脆性大和强度低的缺点,采用双氰胺作为改性剂,对酚醛树脂及其泡沫塑料进行了改性研究,并将改性前后两种泡沫塑料的性能进行了对比。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对酚醛树脂进行了结构表征,通过粉化率、冲击强度和压缩强度测试分析了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的脆性和力学性能,通过热失重分析了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的热稳定性,并采用极限氧指数仪测定了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃性能。结果显示,当加入的双氰胺用量为苯酚质量的3%时,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的综合性能最好,其压缩强度达到0.046 MPa,冲击强度达到3.36 k J/m2,粉化率低至2.13%,极限氧指数达到38.5%。相对于纯酚醛泡沫塑料,双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料的力学性能有所提升,脆性明显改善。在热稳定性方面,纯酚醛泡沫塑料在340℃时已明显失重,而3%双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料在370℃后才开始快速失重,热稳定性更好。随着双氰胺用量的增加,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的极限氧指数增大,阻燃性能有所提高。     

建筑保温材料用酚醛泡沫的改性与性能

在苯酚、甲醛的聚合体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维,通过正己烷发泡剂的方法制备了硼改性和碳纤维复合的酚醛泡沫材料。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、微控电子万能试验仪、冲击试验机、热失重分析仪等对酚醛泡沫的结构特性、力学性能和抗氧化性能进行表征与分析。研究结果表明,当表面活性剂吐温80的用量为4%~6%,发泡剂正己烷的用量为5%左右时,酚醛泡沫具有均一的孔结构和较高的表观密度;在反应体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维可改善酚醛泡沫材料的性能,添加7.2%含量的硼使得酚醛树脂具有最高的抗氧化性能,添加30%含量的碳纤维增强了酚醛泡沫材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度,其值分别达到132 MPa和52 k J/m2。     

液体NBR增韧酚醛泡沫研究

研究了液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)对酚醛泡沫的增韧效果.通过红外光谱、万能试验机、热重分析仪等测试手段对改性后酚醛泡沫特征官能团的存在、力学性能、耐热性能分别进行表征分析.实验结果表明:共聚物存在LN-BR与PF(酚醛树脂) 的结构单元;当改性剂用量为0.6份(占树脂总质量)时,泡沫塑料的压缩强度由原来的0.105 MPa提高到0.336 MPa,证明LNBR对PF泡沫有显著的增韧作用;泡沫在802 ℃时失重44%,说明泡沫经改性后具有良好的耐热性能且未影响其热稳定性.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.