3D打印钛合金骨架浸渗PE–UHMW复合材料制备及性能

通过选择性激光熔融技术(SLM)打印出Ti-6Al-4V (TC4)呈层间错位排列的钻石分子微结构金属骨架,将超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)粉末和氧化石墨烯(GO)粉末通过热压浸渗的方法填充在骨架内部的孔隙当中,制备出不同孔隙率的金属骨架复合材料。然后在摩擦磨损试验机上研究了在干摩擦条件下,复合材料的磨损机制和骨架孔隙率对其摩擦学性能的影响,并且采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析等方法对磨损表面进行了表征分析。结果表明,与纯PE–UHMW相比,金属骨架和GO的引入可以形成转移膜,捕获磨屑,骨架可以优先承担大部分载荷,改善材料的摩擦系数和磨损率;复合材料的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;当孔隙率达到56%时,复合材料摩擦磨损性能最优。     

纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

分别以玻璃纤维(GF)与碳纤维(CF)作为增强体制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维增强复合材料。研究了GF/PPS和CF/PPS复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以及不同体积分数的纤维增强体、不同载荷与滑动速度对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:GF与CF的引入有效地提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;随纤维体积分数的增加复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐增加,随载荷的增加复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低,但磨损率增大。     

木塑复合材料耐磨性的研究

采用模压成型的方法制备了木塑复合材料,研究了不同稻壳粉用量、滑行距离及加载载荷对木塑复合材料磨损率的影响,并对复合材料的磨损形貌和磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明:随着稻壳粉用量的增加,复合材料的磨损率呈先减小后增大的趋势,当稻壳粉用量为50份时,木塑复合材料的磨损率最小;随着滑行距离的增大,复合材料的磨损率逐渐减小;增大加载载荷,磨损率逐渐增大。木塑复合材料的磨擦机理主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

PE–UHMW抗弹复合材料及其在防护领域中的应用

根据超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)抗弹复合材料中PE–UHMW增强体宏观结构形式的不同,概述了以纤维织物、纤维UD材料、高度取向薄膜材料为主体结构的3种PE–UHMW抗弹复合材料研究与应用现状,展望了其国内外发展趋势。     

纤维增强铝硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷复合材料的摩擦学特性研究

在UMT-2微观磨损试验机（USA）上研究了SiC纤维增强铝硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷复合材料的摩擦学特性,且对摩擦表面进行了SEM观察和分析。研究结果表明：随着SiC纤维含量的增加,摩擦系数逐渐降低,但变化幅度较小。而当纤维含量（体积）低于25％时,复合材料的磨损量明显降低,而显微硬度却有较大提高;超过25％时,继续增加纤维的含量会导致复合材料耐磨性下降。SiC纤维增强铝硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷复合材料的摩擦系数随着载荷的增大显现先增大后减小的趋势,并且在载荷140N时达到最大值,而磨损量随着载荷的增大而增加。复合材料的主要磨损失效形式为磨粒磨损。     

热拉伸过程中PE–UHMW/PE–HD共混纤维的晶体结构演变

将超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)与高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)按照质量比为6︰4进行共混熔融纺丝,并对初生丝进行高倍热拉伸制得PE–UHMW/PE–HD共混纤维。利用广角X射线衍射、差示扫描量热、声速取向试验等方法研究了PE–UHMW/PE–HD共混纤维在热拉伸过程中的晶体结构演变过程。研究显示,随着热拉伸过程的进行,纤维的分子链沿纤维的轴向取向度逐渐增加,熔融峰温度逐渐升高,结晶度逐渐增加;沿径向的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,而沿轴向的晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,即形成了更细长的晶粒;晶体的取向度逐渐增加。当拉伸倍数由1增大至6时,上述现象变化显著,当拉伸倍数由9增至15时,上述现象变化缓慢。与PE–HD共混后的纤维结晶度、晶体取向度和分子链取向度更高,晶粒更加细长。     

混杂纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料摩擦学性能研究

以丁腈橡胶改性酚醛树脂为基体,芳纶/玻纤/钢/铜纤维混杂制备摩擦材料,在干摩擦条件下通过摩擦磨损试验机测试其摩擦学性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM)对摩擦材料的表面磨损形貌进行观察分析,研究不同混杂纤维成分对摩擦材料性能的影响。结果表明,滑动速率增大,材料的摩擦系数、磨损率均减小;实验载荷增大,材料的摩擦系数、磨损率呈现波动状态,未见明显变化趋势。摩擦过程中,含有四种混杂纤维的材料磨损形式为犁沟和塑性变形;未含有芳纶/玻纤混杂纤维的材料磨损形式主要为疲劳磨损;未含有钢/铜混杂纤维的材料磨损形式主要为黏着磨损。由此可见,添加混杂纤维可以有效提高材料的摩擦系数,降低磨损率,并且明显改善材料的摩擦学性能。     

高抗冲高模量聚碳酸酯复合材料的制备

以α–磷酸锆(α–Zr P)为刚性研磨介质,超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)为抗冲改性剂,聚碳酸酯(PC)作为基体材料,通过母粒法(两步熔融共混法)制备了高抗冲高模量复合材料。研究了PE–UHMW添加量及几种无机填料对复合材料力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,当PE–UHMW含量为8份、α–Zr P含量为2份时,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量达到最大值。α–Zr P的加入还使复合材料的其它力学性能得到了一定程度改善。经扫描电子显微镜分析表明,α–Zr P的加入起到了助分散的作用,促进了PE–UHMW在基体树脂中的均匀分散,所以冲击性能得到进一步提高。     

芳纶浆粕增强丁腈橡胶复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用开炼机制备了丁腈橡胶(NBR)/芳纶浆粕(PPTA-pulp)复合材料。研究了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,纤维含量、摩擦时间以及载荷对NBR/PPTA-pulp复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析了磨损机理。结果表明,芳纶浆粕的加入能够很好地改善复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,在相同条件下,当纤维质量分数为20%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳;在干摩擦条件下,随着摩擦时间延长,复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨耗量增大;随着载荷增加,摩擦系数和磨耗量增大;水润滑条件下,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨耗量较干摩擦大幅度降低且比较稳定,时间和载荷对其影响很小;干摩擦时,复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;水润滑时,主要为轻微磨粒磨损。     

纤维含量对新型摩擦材料的性能影响

通过改变增强体纤维含量(10wt%~30wt%)研究其对新型摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。通过定速摩擦性能试验机测试不同纤维含量材料的摩擦磨损性能;采用扫描电子显微镜观察试样磨后的微观形貌,进而分析其摩擦过程。结果表明:随混杂纤维含量的增加,各温度阶段的摩擦系数逐渐减小,磨损率总体呈现先降低后增大的趋势,纤维含量为10%~15%摩擦材料具有较高且稳定的摩擦系数和低磨损率。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。