不同材料压印接头的拉剪性能和疲劳性能

采用分体式下模压印连接设备分别对SPCC钢和5052铝合金进行压印连接,然后对两种材料的压印接头进行拉剪试验,并在不同载荷水平下进行疲劳试验,研究了它们的拉剪性能和疲劳性能。结果表明:在拉剪载荷下,铝合金压印接头从上、下板接触挤压的颈部发生断裂,钢压印接头在上、下板接触挤压的颈部发生断裂的同时发生剥离失效,压印接头的拉剪强度主要与上板的颈部强度有关;不同材料压印接头的疲劳性能均良好,钢压印接头的宏观裂纹出现在接头的盲孔边缘,垂直于载荷方向延伸,断裂发生在板材的接头处,其在0.75倍最大破坏载荷下的疲劳寿命超过500万次;铝合金压印接头在每种载荷水平下的疲劳寿命均可达200万次。     

3层金属板压印接头静力性能研究

采用压印连接方法实现3层异种金属板料的连接,并通过试验研究板材配置形式对3层板压印接头机械性能的影响。分别对3种配置形式的拉伸-剪切试件和剥离试件进行强度测试。试验结果表明,不同的板料配置形式对接头强度和失效模式有很大影响。在拉伸-剪切试验中,T111试件的接头强度和能量吸收值最大,T12最小。3种配置形式的拉伸-剪切试件分别有上板颈部断裂失效、内锁拉脱失效和混合失效3种失效模式。3种剥离试件的接头强度相差不大,P111的拉伸位移和能量吸收值最大,P12最小,剥离试件的失效形式有上板颈部断裂失效和内锁拉脱失效两种。     

铝合金压印接头微动疲劳机理研究

压印连接是近年来新兴的连接方式,因其具有简单高效、低耗环保等优点,使得在应用连接方面越来越受到重视。疲劳破坏是机械构件失效的主要形式,疲劳过程中的微动磨损是造成零部件失效的主要原因之一。基于以上条件,对铝合金压印接头的疲劳性能进行了试验研究,结果显示疲劳失效部位主要集中在下板靠近压印点处,断口处发现大量微动磨屑,经能谱分析可以确定磨屑成分主要为氧化铝和金属铝;对疲劳失效断口和微动磨损区域进行了扫描电镜分析,发现压印接头的微动磨损部位主要分为两类,并对其进行了定义,一类定义为颈部微动磨损,另一类定义为环点板间微动磨损。分析发现颈部微动磨损所占比例随着外加载荷的大小而变化,且微动磨损是导致压印接头疲劳失效的重要因素。     

5A06铝合金TIG焊搭接接头拉剪性能研究

设计了5A06铝合金钨极氩弧焊(TIG)搭接试验件两类,并通过试验获得了不同厚度和宽度的5A06铝合金TIG焊搭接接头的拉伸和剪切力学性能.试验表明,5A06铝合金TIG焊搭接接头的拉伸和剪切强度随板厚增加而明显降低.其中,2mm厚试验件的拉伸强度和剪切强度分别达到了母材抗拉和剪切强度的67％和73.5％.采用扫描电镜...     

铝-铜合金异质材料复合搭接自冲铆性能研究

通过试验方法研究不同刺穿方向下铝合金和铜合金(简称Al-Cu)组合的自冲铆(SPR)接头的力学性能,并进行材料性能测试。对Cu-Cu的SPR接头进行铆接试验和有限元模拟以分析其可成形性。对不同刺穿方向下Al和Cu组合的SPR接头进行力学性能测试,获得其载荷-位移曲线。结果表明:SPR接头抗拉伸剪切强度高于抗剥离强度;Cu-Cu接头强度最高,Cu-Al次之,Al-Cu最小。拉伸剪切条件下,内锁结构决定接头力学性能,失效模式均为铆钉从下板中被拉出;剥离条件下,内锁结构和板材特性决定接头力学性能,上板强度较小时,铆钉从上板铆孔处脱离;下板强度较小时,铆钉脱离下板;上、下板强度较高且接近时,铆钉脱离下板。     

基于线性疲劳累计损伤橡胶悬置疲劳寿命预测研究

橡胶元件疲劳寿命的有效预测是其设计开发过程中的重要环节。引入橡胶元件线性疲劳累计损伤原理,提出张量形式橡胶疲劳寿命公式,且根据橡胶材料的实际承载工况提出其失效标准。依据橡胶材料的承载变形可简化为单轴拉伸及简单切应变,设计用于承载拉伸载荷的哑铃型橡胶试柱和承载剪切载荷的环形橡胶试柱,并实测疲劳寿命数据,以最小二乘法原理拟合拉伸与剪切的疲劳寿命函数公式。以车用变速箱悬置与发动机后悬置为疲劳寿命预测研究对象,通过分析其承载位移载荷时的应变张量,利用张量形式的疲劳寿命预测公式预测两种悬置在两种典型工况下的疲劳寿命。结果发现,橡胶材料的拉伸疲劳寿命曲线与简单剪切疲劳寿命曲线的变化趋势一致、形状类似、拟合函数幂指数十分接近;张量形式的疲劳寿命预测公式可有效地预测橡胶悬置的疲劳寿命。     

运行条件对不锈钢点焊疲劳性能影响及开裂分析

以不锈钢车体底架电阻点焊接头为对象,研究了温度（-40℃、室温和70 ℃）、应力比（0.1、0.5）以及3.5%NaCl腐蚀介质对接头疲劳寿命的影响;借助电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术、扫描电镜（SEM）、仪表球压痕系统(IBIS)和拉伸剪切试验,对晶粒取向、残余应力分布、疲劳断口形貌和力学性能进行分析。结果表明：低温条件下材料强度的提高可获得更好的疲劳性能,70 ℃条件下塑性性能的改善可使高周疲劳性能更优;应力比为0.1时的疲劳性能优于应力比为0.5时的疲劳性能;腐蚀介质和拉应力促使应力腐蚀开裂和裂纹尖端的阳极区快速溶解,加速裂纹的萌生和扩展,显著缩短了点焊接头的疲劳寿命;疲劳裂纹在界面应力集中尖角处形核,沿熔核软化区长大,逐渐向表面扩张,直至断裂失效。     

钢铝压-胶复合连接接头力学行为与失效机理研究

在钢铝压印连接界面之间加入胶粘剂,能有效提高接头性能,但接头的力学行为与失效机理非常复杂.以双相高强钢板DP590和铝合金板6061-T6为连接材料,对钢铝压-胶复合连接接头的力学行为和失效机理进行了有限元模拟和试验研究.基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,采用GTN(Gurson tvergaard needleman)模型+内聚力(Cohesive zone)模型的混合失效模型,模拟了压-胶复合连接接头的成形和失效行为.通过压印连接、胶接以及压-胶复合连接接头的搭接剪切试验,对比分析了以上3种接头的失效模式和力学行为.结合压-胶复合连接接头的胶粘剂分布规律和胶层失效过程,揭示了压-胶复合连接接头的失效机理.     

钛合金薄板自冲铆接工艺及失效行为研究

基于自冲铆接(SPR)技术,从降低板材硬度和提高铆钉硬度两个角度,实现了对TA1钛合金薄板的有效连接,并制备了TH(降低板材硬度)和TR(提高铆钉硬度)两组钛合金自冲铆接头。通过力学试验研究了两组接头的静力学和疲劳性能,并且基于三参数经验公式采用S-N曲线拟合法绘制出接头S-N曲线。最后,从宏观角度分析两组接头的失效行为,并利用高真空扫描电镜(SEM)进行TR接头的微观断口分析。结果表明:从自冲铆接技术优势和工程实际角度考虑,TR接头的铆接方式比TH接头更具实际操作意义。TH接头的静失效载荷和能量吸收性能均优于TR接头;且两组接头的静力学失效形式均为铆钉断裂。而TR接头疲劳性能更优,且两组接头均出现了下板断裂和铆钉断裂的多种疲劳失效形式。此外,依据SEM观测结果推断出因下板断裂而失效的TR接头,其疲劳裂纹源于铆钉脚应力集中点,且首先沿板宽方向扩展,后沿板厚方向延伸,直至接头完全断裂失效。而因铆钉断裂而失效的TR接头,其断口呈现出典型的疲劳脆性断裂特征。     

SPFC440钢/5052铝自冲铆接头与胶铆复合接头腐蚀性能对比

为研究SPFC440钢与5052铝合金自冲铆接头的腐蚀性能,分别制备了自冲铆接和胶铆复合两种接头。通过对不同腐蚀时长下的两种接头试样进行疲劳性能测试,分析了粘胶剂对铆接接头腐蚀疲劳性能的影响,并对疲劳断口、裂纹扩展进行SEM和EDS检测。结果表明：粘胶剂的存在不仅提高了接头强度,还保护了金属界面,减小了电偶腐蚀的影响;随着腐蚀时间的增长,复合接头的最大静载荷值不断减小,自冲铆接接头最大静载荷先增大后减小;复合接头的拉伸失效模式与自冲铆接接头的失效形式相似;自冲铆接接头的疲劳裂纹主要集中在下板料的铆钉周围,复合接头主要为下基板的断裂;铆钉与下板相互接触区域以及两板间接触面出现了严重微动磨损。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.