织物组织结构对织物热湿舒适性能的影响

以148 dtex纯Coolmax为经纱,146 dtex麻赛尔/棉混纺纱为纬纱,设计开发了花型、3/1斜纹、五枚经面缎纹和八枚加强缎纹4种不同织物组织结构的吸湿导湿织物,并对不同织物的厚度、面密度、保暖性、热阻、湿阻、水分蒸发率、芯吸高度、吸水性进行测试,分析织物组织结构对织物热湿舒适性的影响,得出3/1斜纹和五枚缎纹织物的热湿舒适性能较优。     

涤纶低弹丝纬编针织产品性能的研究

对编织的八种Coolnise涤纶低弹丝纬编针织面料的热湿舒适性、顶破强力、耐磨性和透气性进行了测试,分析了纱线种类和织物结构对热湿舒适性和物理机械性能的影响。     

消防服用多层织物的热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物的热防护性能,对单层织物的热防护性能及十种多层组合织物的热防护性能分别进行了研究分析,得出以下结论:就单层纤维成分相同的阻燃面料而言,热防护系数(TPP)值与织物的厚度、面密度具有显著的正相关性;多层组合织物中,外层及防水透湿层为覆聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜的阻燃帆布、隔热层为芳纶1313针刺毡、舒适层为芳纶-阻燃黏胶的8#样品的防护性能最好,就阻燃防护性能方面而言,是最适合用于消防员灭火消防服的面料。     

防紫外线凉爽纤维的研究

用紫外线遮蔽剂与聚合物常规切片熔融共混纺制成改性纤维，再织成织物，着重研究了织物的紫外线遮蔽性、遮热性和穿着舒适性。结果表明：研究的织物不仅紫外线遮蔽率在９０％以上，而且有优良的遮热性和穿着舒适性。     

基于热膜接触的针织物动态热湿传递测试技术

采用TPU薄膜来模拟人体皮肤,通过自主搭建的水槽、传感器等装置,研究了针织物的动态热湿传递性能差异。试验得出:织物与模拟皮肤接触时,不同纤维种类的织物热湿传递结果不同,显示出的热湿传递曲线有区别,从曲线中可以看出不同纤维针织物的瞬间导热和导湿情况以及最终的稳定情况。验证了基于热膜接触的织物动态热湿传递测试技术的可行性,认为经过一定的技术改进,该技术可以在一定程度上反映针织物不同的舒适性和接触冷暖感。     

多功能聚醌的研制

研制的多功能聚酯及其纤维，其织物除做服装布料外，还是最好的装饰织面料，该种织物同时具有阻燃性，抗起毛、起球性和对阳离子染料易染性等多种功能，所以该多功能聚酯织物特点颇多、长丝织物具有真丝持感，短纤维具有纯毛质感，透气性好，色彩艳丽，色谱广，色牢度高，阻燃性能好。     

Tencel织物的服用性能研究

测试了Tencel纯纺和混纺织物的舒适性、悬垂性、折皱回复性、起拱变形性、耐磨性和起毛起球性等服用性能指标，同时与粘胶纤维织物、棉织物进行比较，表明Tencel织物优于其它织物，具有优良的服用性能。     

吸湿速干舒适性纤维及织物

介绍了织物舒适性的一般原理、舒适性纤维生产技术 ,说明了舒适性纤维及织物的制作技术及吸水 -扩散 -速干原理。建议在纤维制造阶段进行物理改性 ,制造高吸水纤维 ,在聚合物合成阶段采用共聚等方法 ,解决纤维吸水排汗的问题     

改善单组分热固化胶粘剂流淌性的研究

单组分热固化胶粘剂在固化升温过程中因黏度下降而易出现流淌现象,造成胶接区域缺胶,从而增加了施工难度、降低了粘接可靠性。高分子尼龙织物的网孔易于存胶,可有效改善胶粘剂的流淌性;采用尼龙织物和金属丝网控制铝合金胶接件中的胶层厚度,并对上述胶接件在不同温度时的拉伸剪切强度进行了对比试验。研究结果表明:对同种单组分热固化胶粘剂而言,含尼龙织物胶接件的胶接强度并未下降,并且解决了胶粘剂在固化升温过程中因黏度降低而易流淌的问题,而且尼龙织物可较方便地控制胶层厚度。     

新型假捻变形纱针织物的仿棉性能评价

就新型假捻变形纱针织物的光泽、基本力学性能、悬垂性和热湿舒适性进行了较为全面的研究,并通过与棉织物进行对比分析,对新型假捻变形纱织物的仿棉效果作出了评价.试验结果表明:新型假捻变形纱织物与棉织物相比,正反射光强和漫反射光强较大,对比光泽度较大,具有较高的光泽度值;从基本力学性能测试结果上看,新型假捻变形纱织物的弯曲刚度、弯曲滞后量、剪切刚度、剪切滞后量、压缩比功小于棉织物,而其压缩功回复率大于棉织物,说明新型假捻变形纱织物的柔软性、成形性和弹性回复能力较棉织物好,但蓬松性不及棉织物;新型假捻变形纱织物的保暖性和透湿性能低于棉织物,透气导湿性能好于棉织物,两种织物的接触冷暖感相近.     

高性能三水醋酸钠-尿素-膨胀石墨混合相变材料的制备及其在电地暖中的应用性能

采用尿素调节三水醋酸钠的相变温度到合适范围再添加膨胀石墨来降低过冷度,研制了高性能的三水醋酸钠-尿素-膨胀石墨混合相变材料,并对其在电地暖中的应用性能进行了研究。结果表明,当尿素质量分数为36.5%、膨胀石墨添加量为4%(质量)时,所得混合相变材料的熔化焓高达209.1 J/g,熔点在31.98℃,过冷度仅为2.04℃,热导率为2.349 W/(m·K),热可靠性良好;将用该混合相变材料制成的相变板安装在实验房的电地暖中时,实验房的热舒适度随着相变材料层厚度的增加而增加,但也带来加热时间和用电量的增加;当相变材料层厚度为10 mm时,电加热温度适宜设置在45℃;在热舒适度相当的条件下,有相变板的实验房与无相变板的参比房相比具有用电量小及电费低的优势。     

Developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using melt‐electrospinning

Electrospun polypropylene fiber webs and laminates were developed using melt‐electrospinning, to explore an alternative way of manufacturing protective clothing materials for agricultural workers. Electrospun polypropylene webs were fabricated in two levels of thickness. To examine the effect of lamination on the protection/thermal comfort properties, the webs were laminated on nonwoven fabric substrates. Barrier performance was evaluated for the electrospun webs and laminates, using two pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity. Effects of web thickness and lamination on air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Penetration testing shows that electrospun polypropylene webs provide excellent barrier performance against the high surface tension challenge liquid, whereas the laminated fabrics of electrospun polypropylene webs exhibited performance of 90–100% for challenge liquids with varying surface tension. Air permeability of electrospun polypropylene webs decreased by ～20% because of the lamination and web thickness, but was still higher than most of the materials currently in use for protective clothing. Water vapor transmission of electrospun polypropylene webs reduced by up to 12% from the lamination and web thickness as well, but was still in a range comparable to woven work clothing fabrics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3430–3437, 2006     

Electromechanical Behavior of PZT-Brass Unimorphs

We have examined the static and dynamic electromechanical responses of PZT-brass (piezoelectric-nonpiezoelectric) plate unimorphs of various brass/PZT thickness ratios. The study was performed both experimentally and theoretically. The static measurements showed that, given a PZT layer thickness, there exists a brass/PZT thickness ratio that gives the unimorph the highest static displacement under an applied field. The effects of geometric shape and external loading on the displacement of the unimorphs were also examined. The dynamic measurements showed that, given a PZT layer thickness, the bending-mode resonance frequencies increase with an increasing brass/PZT thickness ratio. These results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions that were obtained with the plate geometry.     

Static and dynamic behavior of single‐edge notched glass fabric composites

This article describes the results of a series of tests conducted to support the development of a semiempirical model, for predicting the mechanical degradation of a satin weave glass fabric composite, with through‐thickness damage in the form of a crack‐like edge‐centered notch. Test specimens were subjected to loading in both static three‐point bending and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) tests. The effect of both notch length and displacement rate, on the static and that of notch length on the dynamic behavior of the materials tested, was evaluated and compared with respective predictions, as derived from the application of the residual property model. A satisfactory agreement between the experimental results and theoretical predictions was observed in all cases. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe the failure topographical characteristics of the DMTA specimens that were off‐plane loaded. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:177–183, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

石膏基相变储能构件的数值模拟分析

以石蜡为相变储能材料,石膏为基础材料,制备不同配比的石膏基-石蜡相变储能构件并利用现有热工测试方法进行了热工性能测试。将测试数据代入经验证过的相变模型模拟了北京地区被动式建筑中相变构件的应用效果,并对结果进行了优化处理。结果表明：随着石蜡含量的增大,相变构件的热导率随之减小;制备的四种配比中PCM质量分数为33%的相变构件在北京地区被动式建筑中应用效果最好,在过渡季中较传统建筑可节能10%;增大构件的热导率与提高墙体表面对流传热系数均可提高室内舒适度与节能效果,且对流传热系数的影响程度更大。     

Topcoat thickness measurement of thermal barrier coating using grating laser acoustic spectrum method

The thickness of top coating is a crucial factor to characterize the performance of thermal barrier coating. Aiming at the difficulty of thickness measurement with conventional ultrasonic method, a noncontact method based on grating laser ultrasonic acoustic spectrum is proposed. Firstly, the dispersion curve of surface acoustic waves in thermal barrier coating was obtained. The numerical simulation of the established three-layer media model based on finite element method was then performed. Experiments with thermal barrier coating specimens in different thicknesses of top coating were conducted. The theoretical results and simulative results were corrected by ultrasound attenuation theory to fit experimental results. It is found that experimental results show great agreement with the theoretical curve and numerical simulation results after correction, which illustrates the usefulness and potential of the proposed method when applied to the thickness measurement of top coating in service.     

NiFe2O4/Ag惰性阳极的熔盐腐蚀性能

以Fe2O3,NiO和Ag粉为主要原料,采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4/Ag惰性阳极.采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究,并测量了样品抗热震性、抗折强度、在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀以及电解腐蚀速率,对其腐蚀过程作了初步探讨.结果表明:惰性阳极由NiO,NiFe2O4尖晶石和Ag三相组成.随着金属Ag含量的增多,惰性阳极样品在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀速率增加,由于抗热震性和抗折强度有了大幅提高,电解腐蚀速率降低.静态热腐蚀和电解腐蚀呈现出物理化学溶解过程,而且由于金属银对晶界的强化作用,电解腐蚀由晶粒开始.     

Graphene nanoplatelets composite membranes for thermal comfort enhancement in performance textiles

The advent of 2D nanostructured materials as advanced fillers for polymer matrix composites has opened the doors to a plethora of new industrial applications requiring both electric and thermal management. Unique properties, in fact, can arise from accurate selection and processing of 2D fillers and their matrix. Here, we report an innovative family of nanocomposite membranes based on polyurethane (PU) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), designed to improve thermal comfort in functional textiles. GNP particles were thoroughly characterized (through Raman, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution TEM, scanning electron microscope), and showed high crystallinity (I_D/I_G = 0.127), low thickness (D50 < 6–8 layers), and high lateral dimensions (D50 ≈ 3 μm). When GNPs were loaded (up to 10% wt/wt) into the PU matrix, their homogeneous dispersion resulted in an increase of the in-plane thermal conductivity of composite membranes up to 471%. The thermal dissipation of membranes, alone or coupled with cotton fabric, was further evaluated by means of an ad hoc system designed to simulate a human forearm. The results obtained provide a new strategy for the preparation of membranes suitable for technical textiles, with improved thermal comfort.     

多层热套式压力容器的热-应力耦合分析

针对石油化工行业中热套式压力容器壁厚增加和温差应力增大问题,提出了基于有限元热-应力耦合分析的方法.建立热套式压力容器筒体结构模型,采用序贯热-应力耦合解法,先进行热分析求解,然后将求解得到的热分析结果当作体载荷施加到结构上进行静力分析,得出热套式压力容器的径向应力、应变和环向应力、应变.     

An Experimental Study of the Static Torque Capacity of the Adhesively-Bonded Tubular Single Lap Joint

With the wide application of fiber-reinforced composite materials in aircraft, space structures and robot arms, the design and manufacture of composite joints have become a very important research area because they are often the weakest areas in composite structures. In this study, the effects of the adhesive thickness and tensile thermal residual stress on the torque capacity of tubular single lap joints were studied. The torque capacities of the adhesive joints were experimentally determined and found to be inversely proportional to the adhesive thickness. In order to match the experimental results to the theoretical analyses, the elastic-perfectly plastic material properties of the adhesive were used in the closed form solution. Also, the tensile thermal residual stresses of the joints were calculated by the finite element method and it was found that the thermal residual stresses could play an important role in the torque capacity when the adhesive thickness was large.