威钢1号ROKOP小方坯连铸的二冷制度分析

针对威钢1号ROKOP铸机的特点，建立了连铸凝固的二维传热数学模型，在模型中，提出了喷嘴的有效喷淋系数和有效比水量的概念。用建立的数模仿真和优化，获得了拉速提高后、二冷区采用五段喷水结构下的二次制度和铸坯表面温度的变化规律。同时通过计算还获得了原有的二次两段喷水结构的铸坯表面温度的变化规律。比较表明，原有的两段结构铸坯在二冷区表温回升大，容易在凝固前沿产生中间裂纹优化后的五段结构基本消除了这一质量问题，并已被生产实践所证明。     

方坯连铸凝固传热数值模拟及二冷动态控制

二冷是影响连铸机生产和铸坯质量的重要因素,针对连铸二冷区的均匀冷却问题,建立了方坯连铸机数学模型,其中包括铸坯凝固传热模型和二冷配水控制模型．采用二维有限元差分法求解凝固传热模型,分析了铸流在二冷区的凝固过程中温度场分布和凝固坯壳厚度,为建立二冷控制模型提供了依据和输入数据．建立了基于中间包钢水连续测温和有效拉速实现二冷动态前馈控制模型。该控制模型成功应用于实际铸机的二冷配水,应用结果表明：二冷动态控制模型具有比传统二冷配水控制模型更好的控制效果,铸坯质量有了明显提高．     

不锈钢板坯连铸凝固特性的研究

分析了 2种不锈钢凝固时的结晶特性 ,模拟计算了连铸过程中不同拉速和不同二冷配水下铸坯温度场的变化 ,并分析了铸坯温度场的变化与铸坯质量的关系 总结出提高铸坯质量的二冷配水原则 ,为制定不同拉速下的二冷配水制度提供了科学依据     

不锈钢板坯连铸温度场及凝固末端位置的研究

采用有限元法计算了不锈钢板坯在连铸时凝固过程中温度场及坯壳的生长随时间的变化，讨论了过热度，拉速及二冷配水量对温度场及凝固末端位置的影响。结果表明，影响铸坯温度场和凝固末端位置的主要因素是拉速和二冷配水，而过热度影响较小。     

大方坯连铸过程中铸坯传热及凝固行为的研究

结晶器和二冷区传热对大方坯产品质量和铸机的生产率有重要影响，本文讨论了包钢引进的全国最大的方坯连铸机在拉坯时结晶器和二冷区传热情况以及坯壳凝固生长，铸坯温度的变化规律。着重讨论了电磁搅拌，过热度和拉速对坯壳凝固和生长规律的影响，指出控制铸坯凝固的主要因素是凝固潜热，影响凝固未端的最主要因素是拉速，而电磁搅拌对其影响区内的传热和坯壳生长和铸坯温度亦有重大影响。     

沟槽内壁结晶器坯壳初期凝固过程模拟研究

以锡液水冷铜板浸渍实验模拟钢连铸过程,研究结晶器内壁划分沟槽对坯壳初期凝固过程的影响,结果表明,沟槽内壁结晶器可改善铸坯传热效果和初期凝固坯壳不均匀程度,减少铸坯表面纵裂纹的产生。     

小方坯连铸二冷配水对凝固与传热的影响

研究小方坯连铸在二次冷却过程中的坯壳凝固情况,建立了传热过程的二维非稳态数学模型,计算出在整个连铸过程中温度变化和温度场分布,并得出在二冷区铸坯凝固速度与换热系数的关系.     

高拉速情况下容易出现的铸坯缺陷

连铸机拉坯速度与铸坯质量有着非常复杂的关系。由于拉速提高，钢水在结晶器中的流动状态更加激烈，传热及凝固过程易于波动，高拉速时容易出现偏角纵裂纹漏钢、铸坯表面纵裂纹。拉速提高，钢水中夹杂物上浮困难，二次冷却区液心长度增长，受各种应力的作用，铸流在此区间的湍流影响范围较大，易于产生内裂和偏析。     

二冷强度对连铸小方坯凝固过程影响规律的数模研究

针对连铸小方坯的中心疏松等质量缺陷,建立了凝固传热数学模型,以研究二冷强度对连铸小方坯凝固过程的影响规律,优化二冷制度,改善铸坯质量.本文基于射钉和测温实验所建立的小方坯凝固传热模型精细度较高,用此模型深入研究二冷喷嘴的数量和喷射范围对小方坯凝固传热的影响;经验证,模拟结果与实测结果误差在1.7％以内.利用该模型定量分析了二冷强度对铸坯温度,凝固坯壳厚度和凝固终点的影响规律.结果表明,随着二冷强度的增大,二冷区内的铸坯表面中心温度降低,而进入空冷区后则逐渐趋于一致.二冷强度每增加10％,足辊段出口处温度平均降低8℃,二冷一段出口处温度平均降低10.75℃,二冷二段出口处温度平均降低10.75℃,二冷三段出口处温度平均降低9.75℃,铸坯凝固终点缩短约0.168m.     

蚁群多目标优化在连铸二冷配水中的应用

通过连铸板坯凝固传热模型,求解铸坯表面温度分布,根据冶金准则及设备约束条件设计连铸二冷优化多目标函数,按照分目标的重要程度确定其所占的权重.通过对二冷段的水量分别离散化生成蚁群算法的节点及路径,以目标函数最小化为准则,对二冷各段水量进行优化.优化后的二冷区铸坯表面最大的冷却速率由152 C/m降至72 C/m,表面最大...     

Formation mechanism of internal cracks in continuously cast slab

In order to make clear the formation mechanism of centerline cracks in continuously cast slabs, the form, distribution and other characteristics of the cracks were analyzed. The final solidification point, surface temperature of the slabs and strain in solidifying shell were investigated. The results were that: (1) Five relatively low temperature zones exist on slab surface below the three water spraying nozzles and near the two edges, respectively, which corresponds to the places of centerline cracks and triangle-zone cracks. (2) Centerline cracks and triangle-zone cracks occur because of weak secondary cooling, uneven cooling along slab width, and large variation of roll gap. (3) After minimizing the variation of roll gap and applying the new secondary cooling pattern, the occurring frequency of centerline and triangle-zone cracks minimizes to zero.     

Mathematical model of heat transfer for bloom continuous casting

A mathematical model for heat transfer during solidification in continuous casting of automobile steel, was established on researching under the influence of the solidifying process of bloom quality of CCM in the EAF steelmaking shop, at Shijiazhuang Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Several steel grades were chosen to research, such as, 40Cr and 42CrMo. According to the results of the high temperature mechanical property tests of blooms, the respective temperature curves for controlling the solidification of different steels were acquired, and a simulating software was developed. The model was verified using two methods, which were bloom pinshooting and surface strand temperature measuring experiments. The model provided references for research on the solidifying process and optimization of a secondary cooling system for automobile steel. Moreover, it was already applied to real production. The calculated temperature distribution and solidification trend of blooms had offered a reliable theory for optimizing the solidifying process of blooms, increasing withdrawal speed, and improving bloom quality. Meanwhile, a new secondary cooling system was designed to optimize a secondary cooling water distribution, including choice and arrangements of nozzles, calculation of cooling water quantity, and so on. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Heat-transfer model on the improvement of continuous casting slab temperature

A heat transfer model on the solidification process has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in No.3 steel works of Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation, and the temperature field in the solidifying slab was calculated which was verified by the measured slab surface temperature. The influences of the main operating factors including casting speed, spray cooling patterns, superheat of melt and slab size on the solidification process were analyzed and the means of enhancing the slab temperature was brought forward. Raising the casting speed to 1.3 m/min, controlling the flowrate of secondary cooling water and improving the cooling pattern at the lower segments of secondary cooling zone could improve the slab temperature effectively. And the increasing the superheat is adverse to the production of high temperature slab.     

Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The"generalized constructal optimization"based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting.     

宽板坯凝固前沿轻压下率模型的研究

结合连铸坯凝固规律及轻压下技术改善铸坯中心偏析的冶金原理,建立宽板坯轻压下率理论模型。根据某厂连铸宽板坯实际生产条件,以传热模型计算的铸坯凝固温度数据作为轻压下率模型计算条件,分析拉速、浇注温度、坯壳凝固收缩特性对铸坯轻压下率的影响规律。结果表明,在相同的拉速和浇注温度条件下,铸坯轻压下率沿拉坯方向的分布总体呈减小趋势;拉速较高时的起始轻压下率小于拉速较低时对应的起始轻压下率;拉速与平均轻压下率呈线性递减关系：拉速每升高0.1m/min,平均轻压下率减小0.015mm/m;浇注温度越低,轻压下区起始轻压下率的值越高;浇注温度对平均轻压下率的影响较小,浇注温度每升高10℃,平均轻压下率仅减小0.002 5mm/m;铸坯外部凝固坯壳的收缩对整个轻压下区平均轻压下率的贡献量为20.4%～22.3%。     

薄板坯在二冷区传热现象的研究

研究了薄板坯连铸二冷区不同的工艺参数对传热现象的影响.计算中采用二维传热模型对温度分布进行计算.计算了不同拉速、不同水量下铸坯的温度分布和坯壳生长.分析了不同工艺对铸坯温度和坯壳生长的影响.得到了不同工艺下,铸坯温度分布规律和坯壳生长规律:拉速的变化对铸坯温度分布和坯壳生长有很明显的影响;而水量变化20%对铸坯温度分布和坯壳生长没有明显的影响.     

优化二冷制度实现宽板坯角部复热的研究

根据国内某厂宽板坯连铸工艺条件,利用二维非稳态传热模型及喷嘴冷却特性,分析不同因素对铸坯角部复热的影响规律。结果表明,铸坯断面宽度为1800 mm时,喷嘴间距选为450 mm,铸坯宽面表面温差小,有利于实现铸坯的角部复热;喷嘴间距一定,随二冷区比水量的减小及铸坯宽面外侧两喷嘴冷却水量的降低,铸坯角部复热效果更好;较小的角部凝固坯壳厚度有利于减小内部高温钢液蓄含的热量向铸坯角部传递的阻力,改善角部复热效果。