改进无线局域网的安全

现有的无线局域网(WLAN)基础设施都是支持IEEE802.11犤1犦或802.11b犤2犦标准的,但这些标准中所定义的加密和认证协议———WEP(WiredEquivalentPrivacy)协议存在着很多的安全漏洞,因此,论文在总结了WEP协议的各种安全漏洞之后,提出了两种弥补漏洞、提高WLAN安全性的方案:一种是在对现有WLAN基础设施改动很小的条件下,提出的临时改进方案,另一种是为了架设新的WLAN基础设施而提出的安全方案。     

基于相对排队延时的无线视频传输研究

无线接入和视频应用的日益普及使无线视频传输成为新的研究热点。随着研究的深入,跨层优化和不平等保护的思想逐渐为大多数研究所采纳。基于IEEE 802.11e协议研究无线视频传输质量的改善方法,提出一种综合考虑视频帧优先级和相对排队延时、适用于优先级数目有限的任何编码算法的视频帧调度算法。仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法具有远高于标准EDCA及其已有改进方案的平均峰值信噪比。     

一种适合MPEG-4传输的IP区分服务网络模型

文章提出了一种改进的适合MPEG-4视频传输区分服务的模型。根据MPEG-4视频流特点和网络的拥塞程度,视频服务器中,采用笔者提出的区分服务标记算法。边缘路由器中,采用笔者提出的区分服务调度算法犤1犦,设计了一种新的区分服务调度器,它动态调节加权服务量,适合在IP区分服务网络中运用,降低实时变比特率突发业务的延时和抖动。实验结果表明,在网络带宽不能保证实时MPEG-4传输所需带宽时,采用该文提出的网络模型,实时传输MPEG-4视频序列,恢复序列的主观效果以及峰值信噪比PSNR都优于传统的尽力而为(Best-effort)方法,并且端对端延时和延时抖动也达到实时传输的要求。     

IEEE 802.11e动态队列分派算法

基于跨层优化和不平等保护的思想,提出一种新的IEEE 802.11e动态队列分派算法。利用AC［1］和AC［0］队列优化视频传输;根据队列状态动态计算队列优先级,并将它与视频帧优先级相匹配;综合考虑视频帧的优先级、不同队列的拥塞状况为视频帧动态分派队列。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效降低视频的传输失真。     

一种基于TCP的实时视频传输延时预测模型*

针对TCP重传易导致延时抖动大、降低流媒体播放质量的问题,提出了使用TCP传输实时视频时,播放质量不受TCP重传影响的必要条件,即视频帧发送延时、播放缓冲区延时与网络往返时间需要满足一定的关系式。建立了视频帧发送延时的预测模型,该模型通过输入视频帧长度、丢包率、网络往返时间、TCP拥塞窗口大小与TCP超时重传时间,预测视频帧的发送延时。NS2模拟结果表明,可以通过发送延时的预测值来判断视频帧是否适合采用TCP传输。     

基于IEEE 802.11无线局域网的视频流接入控制

从理论上分析了基于IEEE802.11b无线局域网的UDP可用带宽,重点分析了视频码流数目N、视频帧率与视频帧的平均帧长度间的关系,给出了分析结果。在此基础上,说明了无线局域网上视频流接入控制机制的必要性。实验结果表明,其结果很好地反映了802.11无线局域网上视频码流传输的实际特性,为实现基于IEEE802.11无线局域网的视频流接入控制提供了依据。     

基于IEEE 802.11bWLAN安全技术研究

随着无线局域网(WLAN)技术的迅速发展,其安全问题日益受到人们的关注.由于传输的特殊性,WLAN始终面临严峻的安全考验.无线网络攻击技术的不断翻新,基于IEE 802.11b的攻击技术会越来越多,复杂性将越来越高.所以与有线网路相比,保护WLAN安全的难度要远大于保护有线网络.文中介绍了基于IEEE 802.11b协议下的WLAN可能面临的非法登录、拒接服务、字典攻击等安全威胁,分析了如何提高WLAN下的几种安全机制及802.11协议下的802.11i安全标准.提出了现有无线设备使用中一些可提高WLAN安全性的解决措施,在一定程度上提高了WLAN的安全性.     

基于IEEE802.11b WLAN安全技术研究

随着无线局域网（WLAN）技术的迅速发展,其安全问题日益受到人们的关注。由于传输的特殊性,WLAN始终面临严峻的安全考验。无线网络攻击技术的不断翻新,基于IEE802.11b的攻击技术会越来越多,复杂性将越来越高。所以与有线网路相比,保护WLAN安全的难度要远大于保护有线网络。文中介绍了基于IEEE802.11b协议下的WLAN可能面临的非法登录、拒接服务、字典攻击等安全威胁,分析了如何提高WLAN下的几种安全机制及802.11协议下的802.11i安全标准。提出了现有无线设备使用中一些可提高WLAN安全性的解决措施,在一定程度上提高了WLAN的安全性。     

基于Openwrt的802.11r无缝漫游系统的实现

标准的IEEE 802.11协议在设计之初没有考虑用户移动性,所以在用户切换AP时会出现比较大的延时,严重影响一些对网络实时性要求很高的业务开展,而基于IEEE 802.11r协议的无缝漫游可以大大缩短切换延时,非常有利于开展目前热门的实时语音、视屏直播等业务。笔者利用开源的Openwrt系统,让普通的消费级无线路由也可以享受只有企业级无线路由器才可以支持的基于IEEE 802.11r无缝漫游技术,并通过iNetTools软件统计切换延时,结果表明该系统能够满足普通家庭用户对无缝漫游的需求,降低了无缝漫游系统的架设成本。     

蓝牙微微网对WLAN网络同频干扰的建模

由于同在2.4 GHz的ISM频段下工作,IEEE 802.11b局域网和蓝牙微微网不可避免地产生相互干扰,严重影响各自的网络性能。通过对基于CSMA/CA和RTS/CTS机制的IEEE 802.11b协议进行数学分析,剖析了其吞吐量降低与发送不同蓝牙数据包之间的内在关系,建立了一个蓝牙微微网对IEEE 802.11b局域网干扰影响的数学模型。仿真结果表明：该模型能较好地逼近IEEE 802.11b局域网在蓝牙微微网干扰下的吞吐量仿真曲线,在蓝牙DH1、DH3、DH5数据包干扰的情况下,平均相对误差分别为17.86%、10.39%和6.64%。根据该数学模型,提出了一个降低蓝牙微微网干扰的有效方案。该方案能快速、低成本、自适应地调整IEEE 802.11b发送帧长,有效提高其在蓝牙微微网干扰下的吞吐量。     

IP网络上视频区分服务传输研究

文章在笔者建立的区分服务网络模型的基础上,根据视频编码的特点,提出了一种针对视帧传输的新的服务优先等级标识算法,即根据不同视频帧解码时的重要程度和网络的传输状况将不同视频帧的数据包标记为不同等级,赋予不同的质量保证。该策略是针对网络严重拥塞和极低码率视帧编码序列而提出的。实验表明,在网络严重拥塞(实际带宽低于要求带宽70%以下)、有大量数据包丢失时,也可在解码端利用差错掩盖(ErrorConcealment)技术很好地恢复出视频图像,且接收到的IP包的延迟及延迟抖动也很小,完全符合实时传输的要求。     

基于有条件ARQ分层编码的视频传输

分层编码的基本层视频流如果受到损伤,将严重影响重建的视频质量,通常采用ARQ技术对基本层视频流进行保护,但是在信道状况恶劣时,大量的重传会影响系统的实时性。提出一种有条件ARQ分层编码方法,根据解码端错误掩盖后的视频损失量,决定是否需要采用ARQ技术重传受损的基本层视频。仿真结果显示该方案不但可以有效增强BL层视频包的抗差错能力,而且减少重传次数,大大降低由于完全采用ARQ所带来的系统延迟,提高视频传输的实时性。     

An enhanced algorithm for improving real-time video transmission for tele-training education

Tele-training in surgical education has not been effectively implemented. There is a stringent need for a high transmission rate, reliability, throughput, and reduced distortion for high-quality video transmission in the real-time network. This work aims to propose a system that improves video quality during real-time surgical tele-training. The proposed approach aims to minimise the video frame’s total distortion, ensuring better flow rate allocation and enhancing the video frames’ reliability. The proposed system consists of a proposed algorithm for Enhancing Video Quality, Distorting Minimization, Bandwidth efficiency, and Reliability Maximization called (EVQDMBRM) algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduces the video frame’s total distortion. In addition, it enhances the video quality in a real-time network by dynamically allocating the flow rate at the video source and maximizing the transmission reliability of the video frames. The result shows that the proposed EVQDMBRM algorithm improves the video quality with the minimized total distortion. Therefore, it improves the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) average by 51.13 dB against 47.28 dB in the existing systems. Furthermore, it reduces the video frames processing time average by 58.2 milliseconds (ms) against 76.1, and the end-to-end delay average by 114.57 ms against 133.58 ms comparing to the traditional methods. The proposed system concentrates on minimizing video distortion and improving the surgical video transmission quality by using an EVQDMBRM algorithm. It provides the mechanism to allocate the video rate at the source dynamically. Besides that, it minimizes the packet loss ratio and probing status, which estimates the available bandwidth.

     

Region-based rate control and bit allocation for wireless video transmission

In this paper, we propose a joint source-channel region-based rate control algorithm for real-time video transmissions over wireless systems. During the video transmission, the channel throughput available to the video encoder in the wireless systems is inherently variable, due to the retransmission of the error packets using the automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control. The variable data rate of the wireless system is characterized by the packet-level Gilbert two-state Markov Model, the parameters of which are extracted from the statistical properties of the channel information obtained from the wireless channel simulator. The proposed algorithm adopts a fast but effective block-based segmentation method to extract the regions of interest. Unlike traditional bit allocation methods used in the region/content-based rate control, the algorithm exploits the most effective criteria "coding qualities" as quantitative factors to directly control bit allocation among different regions so as to achieve better visual quality in the regions of interest. The computational complexity of the algorithm is low making it suitable for real-time applications. Compared with the MPEG-4 rate control algorithm, our algorithm can effectively enhance the perceptual quality for the regions of interest and significantly reduce the number of frame skipping; thereby, improve the smoothness of the video.     

A network coding based hybrid ARQ algorithm for wireless video broadcast

This paper proposes a network coding (NC) based hybrid ARQ (HARQ) algorithm for video broad- cast over wireless networks. The sender applies NC technique to combine the lost packets of different terminals, so that multiple terminals can recover their lost packets via per transmission from the sender. The proposed algorithm combines the advantage of FEC scheme and NC based ARQ scheme so as to maximize not only wireless throughput but also video quality for broadcast communication. Simulation results show tha...     

Wireless multimedia delivery over 802.11e with cross-layer optimization techniques

The use of wireless networks has spread further than simple data transfer to delay sensitive and loss tolerant multimedia applications. Over the past few years, wireless multimedia transmission across Wireless Local area Networks (WLANs) has gained a lot of attention because of the introduction of technologies such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, 3G, and WiMAX. The IEEE 802.11 WLAN has become a dominating technology due to its low cost and ease of implementation. But, transmitting video over WLANs in real time remains a challenge because it imposes strong demands on video codec, the underlying network, and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. This paper presents a cross-layer mapping algorithm to improve the quality of transmission of H.264 (a recently-developed video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group) video stream over IEEE 802.11e-based wireless networks. The major goals of H.264 standard were on improving the rate distortion and the enhanced compression performance. Our proposed cross-layer design involves the mapping of H.264 video slices (packets) to appropriate access categories of IEEE 802.11e according to their information significance. We evaluate the performance of our proposed cross-layer design and the results obtained demonstrate its effectiveness in exploiting characteristics of the MAC and application layers to improve the video transmission quality.     

Delay Constraint Error Control Protocol for Real-Time Video Communication

Real-time video communication over wireless channels is subject to information loss since wireless links are error-prone and susceptible to noise. Popular wireless link-layer protocols, such as retransmission (ARQ) based 802.11 and hybrid ARQ methods provide some level of reliability while largely ignoring the latency issue which is critical for real-time applications. Therefore, they suffer from low throughput (under high-error rates) and large waiting-times leading to serious degradation of video playback quality. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for video communication which captures the behavior of real-time video traffic at the wireless link-layer while taking into consideration both reliability and latency conditions. Using this framework, we introduce a delay constraint packet embedded error control (DC-PEEC) protocol for wireless link-layer. DC-PEEC ensures reliable and rapid delivery of video packets by employing various channel codes to minimize fluctuations in throughput and provide timely arrival of video. In addition to theoretically analyzing DC-PEEC, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed by simulating real-time video communication over “real” channel traces collected on 802.11b WLANs using H.264/AVC JM14.0 video codec. The experimental results demonstrate performance gains of 5–10 dB for different real-time video scenarios.      

基于GM(1,1)模型的自适应链路层ARQ控制策略

提出了一种用于无线实时流媒体传输的自适应链路层ARQ控制策略,用以提高接收方的播放质量。该策略采用跨层设计的方法,基于GM（1,1）模型预测当前的网络状态,考虑GOP可解码帧数的特性,自适应地调整ARQ参数Nmax;另一方面,在应用层采用自适应FEC策略,在视频源数据和冗余数据之间动态分配网络带宽。数学分析和仿真验证均表明,该策略能使接收方获得最大的可播放帧率,有效地提高了流媒体传输的可靠性和实时性。     

A framework of cross-layer design for multiple video streams in wireless mesh networks

In this paper, a novel cross-layer design framework for multiple realtime video traffics in CDMA wireless mesh networks is proposed. First, the performances of application, physical, MAC, and network layers are modeled by some classical models under reasonable assumptions. Then, we present a framework in which source coding, power control, ARQ control, and delay partitioning functionalities at different layers can be jointly optimized. Our objective is to maximize the video quality under strict end-to-end delay constraints through adjusting source coding rate, end-to-end delay distribution, and each node’s transmit power. This optimization problem is proved to be a nonlinear but log-convex one. Finally, we propose a centralized solution based on the classical convex programming method, as well as a partially distributed solution based on the Lagrangian dual decomposition technique. The both solutions are proved to converge to the global optimum of the above problem.     

Multicast-Unicast Data Delivery Method in Wireless IPv6 Networks

Multicast IPv6 is an efficient way of transmitting data simultaneously to a group of IPv6 users. It has the advantage of reducing the required bandwidth of IPv6 data delivery compared to unicast transmission. The data rate of multicast transmission over WLAN is confined by the user with the lowest rate in the multicast group, which is called the fixed base rate problem. This paper proposes a delivery method that incorporates both multicast and unicast transmissions to solve the fixed base rate problem. The proposed method divides the IPv6 network into two levels: multicast mode for the upper level of the network [IPv6 server to Access Point (AP)], and unicast mode for the lower level (AP to mobile nodes). To maintain the end-to-end multicast transmission, the AP is responsible for converting multicast packets to unicast packets. Such a combination enables the proposed method to inherit the advantages of both multicast and unicast transmissions. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated in a test-bed environment that considers the transmission of real-time video application. The proposed multicast-unicast is able to improve the throughput and video quality experienced by the end user, with low packet loss and transmission delay.