廊坊市银河逸景花园节能小区项目简介

结合工程实例,对外墙外保温及新型墙体材料,给水及采暖系统的设备节能、太阳能利用、新型外门窗、新型给排水及采暖管材等节能措施在银河逸景花园项目中的应用情况进行了详细阐述,以达到降低建筑能耗的目的,最终实现建筑节能。     

Evaluation of energy efficient design strategies for different climatic zones: Comparison of thermal performance of buildings in temperate-humid and hot-dry climate

Since the Kyoto protocol signed in December 1997 the majority of governments around the world have committed themselves to reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases. Thus, efficient use of energy and sustainability has become a key issue for the most energy policies. Sustainability and energy saving terms take place in building construction industry too since buildings are one of the most significant energy consumers. It is known that heating energy demand of a building has a great rate in building total energy consumption. In addition to that, the most of the heating energy has been lost from building envelope. TS 825, Heating Energy Conservation Standard for Buildings in Turkey, aims the reducing of heat loss in buildings through the envelope. But within buildings, one of the fastest growing sources of new energy demand is cooling and especially in hot-humid and hot-dry climatic parts of Turkey cooling season is much longer than the heating season. Moreover in hot-dry climate heat storage capacity of the envelope becomes more important issue than heat insulation for energy efficiency of the building. Since the Turkish standard is considering only heating energy conservation by using degree-day concept, Istanbul and Mardin are considered in the same zone, however those are in temperate-humid and hot-dry climatic zones, respectively. In this study energy efficient design strategies for these climatic zones have been explained and thermal performance of two buildings, which are constructed according to the TS 825 in Mardin and Istanbul cities were evaluated to show the importance of thermal mass in hot-dry climates.     

Thermoeconomic optimization of insulation thickness considering condensed vapor in buildings

Developing technology and increasing population makes energy consumption more important. Most of energy is used for space heating in Turkey, consequently, insulation of external walls is too important. In the present work, optimum insulation thickness considering condensed vapor in existing buildings for Kutahya which is one of coldest cities in Turkey has been studied. The optimization is based on the thermoeconomic analysis. Since Kutahya is the most polluted city in Turkey, and the source of this pollution is energy consumption, it has become an obligation to save energy and to reduce its effects. In this study, exergy method with the different reference states which are normally available in a building has been used. The effect of condensed vapor on exergy also has been taken into account. The optimum insulation thickness determined as 0.060, 0.065, 0.075 m with a rate of 74.9%, 76.3% and 78.8% in the energy saving for indoor temperature of 18, 20 and 22 °C, respectively. Therefore, a decreasing in the air pollutants about at same rates has been obtained.     

杭州绿色公共建筑应用可再生能源方案比较

从可再生能源技术特点出发,结合公共建筑用能特征,分析了杭州地区绿色公建中采用太阳能热水、太阳能光伏和土壤源热泵系统三种可再生能源的可行性,为公共建筑可再生能源方案选择提供指导。     

高校学生公寓太阳能与建筑一体化设计与节能分析

通过太阳能空气源热泵辅助热水系统在高校学生公寓热水系统设计中的运用,提出了太阳能与建筑一体化的设计,并对热水系统的节能量和减排量进行了分析。     

Analysis of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for office buildings in different climates in Turkey

A great amount of world energy demand is connected to the built environment. Electricity use in the commercial buildings, accounts for about one-third of the total energy consumption in Turkey and fully air-conditioned office buildings are important commercial electricity end-users since the mid-1990s. In the presented paper, the interactions between different conditions, control strategies and heating/cooling loads in office buildings in the four major climatic zones in Turkey – hot summer and cold winter, mild, hot summer and warm winter, hot and humid summer and warm winter – through building energy simulation program has been evaluated. The simulation results are compared with the values obtained from site measurements done in an office building located in Istanbul. The site-recorded data and simulation results are compared and analyzed. This verified model was used as a means to examine some energy conservation opportunities on annual cooling, heating and total building load at four major cities which were selected as a representative of the four climatic regions in Turkey. The effect of the parameters like the climatic conditions (location), insulation and thermal mass, aspect ratio, color of external surfaces, shading, window systems including window area and glazing system, ventilation rates and different outdoor air control strategies on annual building energy requirements is examined and the results are presented for each city.     

EnergyPlus在日光温室热环境模拟中的应用验证与分析

为了寻求将现有商用能耗分析软件应用于日光温室热环境的设计、优化、建造和日常运营管理的方法,基于EnergyPlus软件,建立了日光温室模型,通过现场实验测试对所建立的模型进行了验证,并利用建立的模型对日光温室热环境进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明:提出的数值方法和建立的日光温室模型是正确可靠的,可以用于日光温室热环境的模拟分析;温室北墙夜间单位面积的供热量是东、西墙与地面总和的1.1~1.2倍,增强日光温室北墙体的蓄热和保温能力是提升日光温室调控自身热环境能力和水平最重要的途径。该研究结果可为日光温室的优化设计与热工性能分析提供参考。     

The environmental impact of optimum insulation thickness for external walls of buildings

The city of Denizli is in the 3rd climatic region in Turkey and there is a heating requirement for a period of approximately five months. During this period, thermal insulation of buildings is very important in minimizing the energy usage and reducing emission. In this study, environmental impact of optimum insulation thickness in external walls has been investigated for the case of Denizli, Turkey. In the calculations, coal was used as the fuel source and the expanded polystyrene as the insulation material. The results proved that when the optimum insulation thickness was used, energy consumption was decreased by 46.6% and the emissions of CO₂ and SO₂ were reduced by 41.53%.     

绿色生态建筑中可应用的太阳能技术(1)

绿色生态建筑中需要采用绿色可再生能源。太阳能是贮量最大的绿色能源之一。因此 ,太阳能的应用在绿色生态建筑中具有重要地位。从我国太阳能资源及我国太阳能应用技术现状等方面入手 ,着重介绍了现阶段绿色生态建筑中可采用的太阳能技术 ,并对不同的应用形式做了必要的分析     

集中集热-分户贮热太阳能热水系统在住宅建筑中的运用

集中式太阳能热水系统工程在住宅类建筑使用过程中出现了一系列问题,例如:住宅建筑入住率低时,太阳能热水系统运行费用较高;太阳能热水收费标准争议较大;太阳能热水系统分户计量困难;集中贮热水箱对结构承重要求较高等。根据集中式太阳能在住宅类建筑应用过程中出现的问题,推出了集中集热-分户贮热太阳能热水系统。根据近几年的实际工程的追踪调查,本系统基本能够满足用户需求。     

基于数字技术的夏热冬冷地区既有宿舍节能减排改造——以重庆大学B区三舍节能改造为例

建筑节能作为我国节能减排中的重点项目,对于现存建筑的节能改造设计则成为建筑节能中不可或缺的一部分。与单纯的绿色建筑设计不同的是,就现存建筑的改造是在受到既有的结构限制和功能要求下进行的;此外,宿舍这一类型建筑已经成为各高校建筑组成中的一个主体部分,直接关系到学生和相关工作人员的生活起居质量。因此,本设计旨在通过改造设计实现对建筑的二次设计,并充分利用现有的被动式设计策略,与相关主动式绿色建筑设计策略相结合,以数字分析技术为辅助手段进行建筑节能设计,实现对建筑内部热环境、风环境等相关物理环境的改善,最终为宿舍等相关类型建筑的节能改造做出指导。     

建设工程招投标阶段造价控制探讨

招投标是建立公开、公平、公正和诚实信用的市场秩序的有效手段,也是开展资源节约型经济活动,实现资源配置,提高资产投资效益的重要途径。本文即通过分析建设工程招投标的特点及招投标阶段对工程造价的影响,提出在招投标阶段涩制工程造价应采取的措施,从而达到有效控制工程造价的目的。     

Energy savings in Danish residential building stock

A large potential for energy savings exists in the Danish residential building stock due to the fact that 75% of the buildings were constructed before 1979 when the first important demands for energy performance of building were introduced. It is also a fact that many buildings in Denmark face comprehensive renovations in the coming years and in connection with this renovation process energy-saving measures can be implemented relatively inexpensive and cost effective. This opportunity should be used to insure the buildings in the future as far as energy consumption is concerned. This paper gives a short account of the technical energy-saving possibilities that are present in existing dwellings and presents a financial methodology used for assessing energy-saving measures. In order to estimate the total savings potential detailed calculations have been performed in a case with two typical buildings representing the residential building stock and based on these calculations an assessment of the energy-saving potential is performed. A profitable savings potential of energy used for space heating of about 80% is identified over 45 years (until 2050) within the residential building stock if the energy performances are upgraded when buildings are renovated.     

公共类居住建筑采暖节能设计探讨

结合《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》(JGJ26-95)与《公共建筑节能设计标准》(GB50189-2005)两部设计标准的部分条文,探讨集体宿舍、招待所、旅馆、托幼等类型的公共类居住建筑的节能设计。指出了两部标准在适用范围、窗墙比、传热系数、采暖制式等多方面的规定有所不同,结合实际工程分析了该类建筑热工设计执行哪部标准更为合适。并对该类建筑在供暖方式、采暖制式、散热器采用等方面谈了个人设计体会。     

Setback and setup temperature analysis for a classic double-corridor classroom building

The use of heating setback and cooling setup strategies is commonly considered an attractive means of energy conservation in buildings. In this study, the effect of heating setback and cooling setup strategies on energy consumption of a classic double-corridor classroom building was investigated. The motivation for this research stems from the authors’ field studies of K-12 school buildings. They observed that the night setback capabilities of existing programmable thermostats were not enabled or were not being fully utilized. Furthermore, schools with whole-building automated controls were not programmed to achieve their maximum potential energy savings from the use of heating setback and cooling setup strategies during unoccupied periods. To make simpler and encourage this application, it was believed that single seasonal temperature setpoints were needed for common K-12 classroom buildings. This study determined optimum and recommended temperatures for various U.S. climate regions and building construction types. EnergyPlus was used to perform the building energy simulations. It was found that daily optimum setback and setup temperatures existed and were affected by building structure and outdoor temperature, but not significantly by building orientation or window area.     

太阳能采暖房间动态热负荷计算方法研究

提出一种便于工程设计应用的太阳能采暖房间热负荷动态计算方法。通过z传递函数分析墙体动态传热过程,根据编程计算所得的墙体传热量逐时结果,获得太阳能采暖房间热负荷系数。通过对不同朝向墙体以及不同墙体结构的计算后发现：墙体热容量越大,热负荷系数的曰变化幅度越小;同一结构,但不同朝向墙体的热负荷系数存在较大差别。     

西藏地区太阳能采暖建筑热工性能优化研究

西藏地区太阳能资源非常丰富且冬季温度低,该地区非常适合大面积推广太阳能采暖系统,以达到节能减排的目的。但是由于实际大部分太阳能采暖工程,忽略了建筑围护对太阳能主动式采暖系统初投资与运行费用的影响,造成了太阳能主动式采暖系统初投资过高、太阳能保证率低。为了分析建筑热工性能对太阳能主动式采暖系统的影响,笔者利用数值模拟方法,将建筑热工性能与主动式太阳能采暖系统作为一个整体进行计算分析,利用初投资费用最低与全寿命周期总费用最低两个目标函数,对主动式太阳能采暖建筑热工性能的保温性能进行优化。结果表明,提高建筑围护结构热工性能,不仅可以降低太阳能采暖建筑的采暖运行费用,而且可降低整个系统的初投资。     

重庆市绿色建筑发展动态与实践方案

文章从重庆市绿色建筑的发展动态出发,以重庆某绿色建筑示范工程为例,研究分析可再生能源（包括太阳能、自然光、土壤源）和雨水收集利用系统在该建筑中应用的可行性,并对以上技术和资源在该建筑中应用的设计思路、设计方案做了详细介绍和分析;本文的分析研究成果及设计思路将对在重庆地区新建建筑及既有建筑节能改造中应用以上技术具有一定的示范作用。     

建筑组团方式对高密高层居住建筑立面太阳能热利用影响分析

随着城市化进程的发展,高密高层住宅已经成为现阶段居住建筑主导.因此,建筑立面安装分体式太阳能热水系统已成为大势所趋,但此系统应用受到建筑布局与建筑间距的影响.在现有居住建筑常见组团方式及相关规划设计标准的基础上,选择上海市常见的高层住宅形式,利用日照分析软件建立模型,模拟分析全年建筑遮挡关系对建筑立面分体式太阳能热水系...     

Energy conservation in 29 historic school buildings in Palermo

In the rehabilitation programme of 29 old school buildings in Palermo energy conservation measures were included.

By means of simulation models, several options were examined, ranging from solar active systems to properly designed heating systems.

The study showed, because of the characteristics of the buildings, their occupation pattern and the mild climate, that the most cost-effective option was a properly controlled heating system.

Italian energy conservation building regulations were shown to be scarcely suitable to the cases examined, and a certain resistance to technological innovation was found in some designers, especially the older ones.