茅坪溪防护大坝混凝土基座固结灌浆

茅坪溪防护大坝为三峡工程的重要组成部分，采用沥青混凝土心墙土石坝，最大坝高104m，坝顶长度1840m，总填筑量1180万m3，沥青混凝土4．85万m3。三峡水库正常蓄水位175m时，档水水头约80m。防护坝的作用是保护茅坪溪流域7．5万kmZ内居民、耕地、房屋和企业设施等。大坝一旦失事，不但茅坪溪流域被淹没，而巨库水会通过茅坪溪泄水建筑物大量下地，影响三峡工程的正常运行，后果十分严重。因此，防护大坝的设计等级与三峡大坝相同，为一等1级建筑物。正固结灌浆设计基座全长230m，高10m，顶宽9．6m，底宽13．0m，分为16个坝块施工。基岩高程…     

茅坪溪防护工程建设进展顺利

茅坪溪防护工程建设进展顺利三峡大坝的组成部分一茅坪溪防护工程建设进展顺利。继泄水建筑物１９９４年９月竣工并投入运行后，紧接着就转人了防护大坝的施工。截至１９９５年底止，防护大坝沥青混凝土心墙基座混凝土浇筑已全部完成。大坝两侧的先填区已按预计进度达到１...     

三峡工程茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土施工机械设备的配置与优化

三峡茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土施工能提前一年完工，施工设备的优化配置和改进起了主要作用，本文较详细地介绍了三峡茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土施工设备的配置和优化情况，供同类工程施工借鉴。     

茅坪溪土石坝工程中水工沥青的应用

茅坪溪防护大坝位于三峡坝区右岸的茅坪溪流域出口，与三峡河床大坝共同担负拦蓄三峡库水的重任。坝体轴线长１８４０ｍ，约占整个三峡工程挡水前缘的４０％，为一座高１０４ｍ的沥青混凝土心墙坝。本文针对我国沥青混凝土心墙土石坝的建设情况、水工沥青研制开发和石油开采炼化技术现状，结合茅坪溪防护工程，阐述了沥青在我国水利工程中的应用及急待解决的问题。     

茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土性能试验研究

茅坪溪防护大坝以高程140m为界,将大坝划分为2个标段实施.第1标段工程施工,采用新疆克拉玛依炼油厂生产的沥青作为茅坪溪大坝心墙沥青混凝土的沥青料源,第2标段工程施工,拟采用中海油气开发利用总公司生产的中海36-1水工沥青作为茅坪溪大坝心墙沥青混凝土的沥青料源,对沥青及沥青混凝土性能进行了研究,并根据第1标段施工情况,进行配合比优化试验,供设计参考.     

三峡工程茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土心墙施工质量管理与控制

三峡茅坪溪防护大坝沥青混凝土施工质量优良，是因为施工中有了一套完整的沥青混凝土质量管理和控制制度，并严格执行的结果。     

三峡茅坪溪防护士石坝基础防渗工程质量控制

茅坪溪防护土石坝是三峡水利枢纽工程的重要组成部分，是国内兴建的第1座沥青混凝土心墙高坝，无论从施工组织还是质量控制，都是一次技术水平的突破。茅坪溪防护土石坝防渗系统的施工质量直接影响大坝的安全，由于采取了合理的质量控制手段，加之各建设方的共同努力和紧密配合，防渗工程施工质量完全达到设计要求。该工程建设为同类型工程质量控制积累了经验。主要就混凝土防渗墙、水泥灌浆两项隐蔽工程施工的质量控制进行了叙述。     

茅坪溪土石坝沥青混凝土心墙补充定额

三峡工程茅坪溪防护大坝采用沥青混凝土心墙防渗。本文系统介绍了心墙的施工工艺和系统配置，并根据施工情况，编制了沥青混凝土施工补充定额。     

三峡茅坪溪粘土心墙土石坝坝体安全分析

介绍了三峡茅坪溪防护工程土石坝粘土心墙方案的应力应变有限元分析研究成果,表明大坝在竣工期或蓄水期心墙均未产生剪切或拉裂破坏,不会引起水力劈裂,心墙是安全的,论证了粘土心墙方案是可行的。     

三峡右岸茅坪溪防护工程泄水建筑物监理工作简述

三峡工程右岸茅坪溪防护工程由防护大坝和泄水建筑物组成。泄水建筑物已通过阶段性验收并已通水运行。该项工程系由长委会三峡右岸监理总站下属的茅坪溪防护工程监理站担任监理工作。监理系采用主动控制为主、被动控制为辅两种手段相结合的动态控制方法，进行全面、全方位、全过程的跟踪监理。在工程质量控制中，始终坚持质量第一，建立了较完整的质量管理制度和控制程序。在施工进度控制中，监理站与施工单位密切配合，结合现场施工     

冶勒水电站防渗墙混凝土多余部分的拆除爆破

结合三峡茅坪溪土石坝防渗墙爆破的成功经验并经技术论证后，冶勒水电站决定采用控制爆破技术对防渗墙设计线以外部分进行爆破拆除。爆破的各项指标以三峡茅坪溪的指标为依据，并较其更为严格，最大单响药量严格要求小于1．5kg。经过试验确定各项参数，实际爆破时，防渗墙拆除至2530m高程后保留半孔率达到100％，表面无松散的混凝土骨料与胶结物分离现象，孔壁上无肉眼可见的裂纹，由此证明此次爆破拆除施工是成功的。     

《长江水利委员会实施取水许可制度细则》的制订简介

在全国实施取水许可制度是加强水资源统一管理的重要措施，也是我国用水管理制度上的重大改革。为切实履行水利部赋予长江水利委员会的取水许可管理职责，推进取水许可制度的实施。长江水利委员会制订了《长江水利委员会实施取水许可细则》，主要内容包括：长江水利委员会实施取水许可的管辖权限；申请取水许可的程序规定；取水许可的条件和期限；核减或限制取水量，吊销取水许可证的规定情况等。为在长委管辖权限范围内取水的用水户提供了规范的、可操作的具体规定。对管理中易产生不同理解的方面作出了明确的解释，可供其它流域机构或地方水行政主管部门制订细则时参考。     

DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF STREAM FISHES IN RELATION TO BARRIERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONITORING STREAM RECOVERY AFTER BARRIER REMOVAL

Dams are ubiquitous in coastal regions and have altered stream habitats and the distribution and abundance of stream fishes in those habitats by disrupting hydrology, temperature regime and habitat connectivity. Dam removal is a common restoration tool, but often the response of the fish assemblage is not monitored rigorously. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine, USA), has been the focus of a restoration effort that includes the removal of two low‐head dams. In this study, we quantified fish assemblage metrics along a longitudinal gradient in Sedgeunkedunk Stream and also in a nearby reference stream. By establishing pre‐removal baseline conditions and associated variability and the conditions and variability immediately following removal, we can characterize future changes in the system associated with dam removal. Over 2 years prior to dam removal, species richness and abundance in Sedgeunkedunk Stream were highest downstream of the lowest dam, lowest immediately upstream of that dam and intermediate farther upstream; patterns were similar in the reference stream. Although seasonal and annual variation in metrics within each site was substantial, the overall upstream‐to‐downstream pattern along the stream gradient was remarkably consistent prior to dam removal. Immediately after dam removal, we saw significant decreases in richness and abundance downstream of the former dam site and a corresponding increase in fish abundance upstream of the former dam site. No such changes occurred in reference sites. Our results show that by quantifying baseline conditions in a small stream before restoration, the effects of stream restoration efforts on fish assemblages can be monitored successfully. These data set the stage for the long‐term assessment of Sedgeunkedunk Stream and provide a simple methodology for assessment in other restoration projects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山地河流生境快速评价模型与应用

从河流生境结构和功能出发，选用河流生境多样性指数、河道湿润率、生境单元质量指数，采用专家打分法确定权重系数，建立了山地河流生境快速评价指标体系及定量评价模型。选取三峡库区腹心区域的典型山地河流东河进行河流生境质量定量评价。结果表明河流生境质量从库尾以上河段起逐步下降，在引水坝以下河段降至最低，其后呈逐渐回复的态势。坝下河流生境主要受到河流减水影响；坝上河段河流生境主要受泥沙淤积影响。评价结果能较直观地反映水电工程影响下山地河流生境状况，以及导致河流生境质量衰退的原因。     

Dynamic response of stream temperatures to boundary and inflow perturbation due to reservoir operations

Dams and reservoir operations modify natural stream behaviour and affect the downstream characteristics such as mean temperatures and diurnal temperature amplitudes. Managing phase effects due to reservoir operation and the associated amplification of daily maximum temperatures in the downstream reaches remains a challenge. An analytical approach derived from a one‐dimensional heat advection and dispersion equation with surface heating in the form of equilibrium temperature was developed to examine the potential for restoration of natural stream temperatures. The analytical model was validated with observed temperature data collected in the Clackamas River, Oregon, and was used to highlight key downstream temperature behaviour characteristics. Mean stream temperatures below the dam are relatively stable and upon deviating from natural stream mean temperatures, return asymptotically to their natural state. In contrast, the amplitudes of daily temperature variation are highly sensitive to the phase differences induced by the dam and could nearly double in natural amplitude within the first 24 h. The analysis showed that restoring average stream temperatures to natural levels through structural and operational modifications at the dam may not be sufficient as phase‐induced temperatures maximums would continue to persist. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

茅坪与新滩滑坡体变形机理类比研究

 为了研究清江茅坪典型滑坡体稳定性,基于失稳前长江新滩滑坡实测曲线进行了滑坡体变形分析。清江隔河岩水库库岸茅坪滑坡体约有2350×104m3, 是由十分复杂的物质构成的典型滑坡体,而水库蓄水直接影响了滑坡体的稳定性;后部白岩底部采煤造成陡壁崩塌,又对滑坡体产生了巨大加载效应。通过监测茅坪滑坡体变形过程,类比长江新滩滑坡体在破坏前几个阶段的变形特征,为预测茅坪滑坡体破坏提供了有价值的参考。     

滑坡动力系统的混沌效应分析

介绍了滑坡监测位移时间序列相空间重构技术,并研究了适合于计算滑坡位移时间序列Lyapunov指数的算法.通过清江库岸茅坪滑坡的实测位移数据,计算出该滑坡系统的混沌特征量Lyapunov指数λ1＞0,因此表明该滑坡动力系统具有混沌效应.     

Low-head dam removal increases functional diversity of stream fish assemblages

Despite the growing number of dam removals, few have been studied to understand their impacts on stream fish communities. An even smaller proportion of dam removal studies focus on the impacts of low-head dam removals, although they are the most common type of dam. Instead, the majority of removal studies focus on the impacts of larger dams. In this study, two previously impounded Illinois Rivers were monitored to assess the impacts of low-head dam removal on the functional assemblage of stream fishes. Study sites were sampled each fall from 2012–2015 (pre-dam removal) and 2018–2020 (post-dam removal) in three locations: the tailrace, impoundment, and river channel. Fishes were aggregated into habitat and reproductive guilds, relating community changes to habitat, environmental metrics, and stream quality. Prior to removal, the slackwater guild was the most prevalent habitat guild throughout both rivers, while nest builders and benthic spawners were the most abundant reproductive guilds. During the two years following removal, fish assemblage throughout both rivers shifted to a more evenly distributed representation of habitat and reproductive guilds, while restoration of lotic habitat conditions increased, as surface water temperatures decreased and QHEI, IBI, and dissolved oxygen increased. This shift in environmental metrics and increase in overall stream quality increased, particularly in the formerly impounded reaches, indicate diminished habitat homogeneity, and a shift towards natural habitat diversity. This habitat diversification likely led to the restoration of a range of potential niches, thereby increasing the array of guild types inhabiting these rivers, while simultaneously preventing single-guild dominance.     

Hardfill坝结构安全性分析

Hardfill坝是一种新坝型（该坝型在日本被称为CSG坝），其基本剖面为对称梯形，上游设混凝土防渗面板。从结构稳定的角度看，采用对称梯形剖面的Hardfill坝是一种安全稳定性较高的坝型。本文运用三维有限元数值模拟方法，对Hardfill坝的面板和坝体结构进行分析。研究结果表明，Hardfill坝的安全性，与面板坝和重力坝相比有很大的提高，是一种高安全性的坝型。     

LONG‐TERM TAXON‐SPECIFIC RESPONSES OF MACROINVERTEBRATES TO DAM REMOVAL IN A MID‐SIZED SWEDISH STREAM

Dam removal to restore ecologically impaired rivers is becoming increasingly common. Although the target often is to facilitate fish migration, dam removal has also been assumed to benefit other types of organisms. Because few studies thus far deal with effects of dam removal on stream macroinvertebrates and because results have been equivocal, we investigated both short‐ and longer‐term dam‐removal effects on downstream macroinvertebrate communities. We did this in a before‐and‐after study of the removal of a dam located in a south Swedish stream. We sampled the benthic fauna 6 months before dam removal and both 6 months and 3.5 years after the dam was removed. We compared species composition, taxonomic richness, total densities and densities of macroinvertebrate groups before and after dam removal and between downstream and reference sites. We found that dam removal reduced some macroinvertebrate taxa at the downstream site, but we found no effect on community composition. Although this corroborates results from previous short‐term studies, we also found a reduction of taxonomic richness and that some dam‐removal effects persisted or even increased over time. The most likely explanation for the suppression of benthic macroinvertebrate richness following dam removal is a significantly increased sediment transport from the former reservoir and a subsequent loss of preferred substrates. Our results indicate that adverse dam‐removal effects may be long lasting but taxon specific. We therefore call for longer‐term studies on a variety of organisms to better understand how dam removal may influence downstream macroinvertebrate communities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.