Ce0.6Zr0.35Pr0.05O2纳米固溶体的制备及性能研究

用共沉淀法制备出Ce0.6Zr0.35Pr0.05O2纳米固溶体,并利用TG-DTA-DTG、XRD、TEM和H2-TPR等方法对样品的物相结构、晶粒大小、还原性及高温热稳定性进行表征.结果表明,Ce0.6Zr0.35Pr0.05O2纳米固溶体为物相结构稳定的立方相固溶体,该粉体的平均粒度为10 nm左右,分散性好,而且与Ce0.6Zr0.4O2相比,在Ce0.6Zr0.35Pr0.05O2中,Pr的存在明显提高了其还原性和高温热稳定性.     

储氧材料Ce0.6Zr0.4-xPrxO2-δ的性能及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列三效催化剂储氧材料Ce0.6Zr0.4-xPrxO2-δ（x=0．05，0．10，0．15）。X射线衍射证实形成的固溶体为萤石型立方相结构；BET比表面积分析表明，随着Pr的掺杂量由x=0．05递增到工=0．15，在650℃焙烧的样品其比表面积由66．5增加到79.9m^2／g，而未掺杂样品Ce0．6Zr0.4O2的比表面积为65．1m^2，g；粒度分布及透射电镜分析发现，制备的固溶体在水相中存在着团聚现象。应用在含有Pt，Rh和Pd的三效催化剂的制备。催化活性测试表明，在铈锆氧化物储氧材料中掺杂少量Pr，可降低三效催化剂对CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度。不论是在富燃区还是在贫燃区，所有掺杂Pr的三效催化剂对各气体的催化转化率均高于未掺杂Pr的三效催化剂。     

陈化体系中醇对Ce0.65Zr0.35O2及其负载的单Pd催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂(CZ)储氧材料, 分别以乙醇-水、丙醇-水、乙二醇-水、丙三醇-水体系对沉淀物进行陈化, 研究了醇的种类对CZ及其负载的单Pd催化剂性能的影响。对CZ进行了扫描电镜(SEM), N₂-吸脱附分析, 对Pd/CZ进行了粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、储氧量 (OSC)和程序升温还原( H₂-TPR)的表征, 并考察了三效催化性能。结果表明, 醇的种类对CZ及Pd/CZ的性能有显著影响。在乙醇-水和丙醇-水陈化体系中制备的CZ分散性高, 颗粒堆积松散, 比表面积和孔径大, 孔容高, 且具有优异的热稳定性, 其中丙醇-水陈化体系中制备的CZ老化后比表面积和孔容分别可达28 m²/g和0.1 mL/g, 具有最高的热稳定性, 其负载的单Pd催化剂在老化后对C₃H₈、CO和NO转化显著优于乙二醇-水和丙三醇-水陈化体系中制备的CZ所制备的催化剂。     

沉淀剂对稀土储氧材料性能的影响

利用不同的沉淀剂制备了一系列储氧材料,并应用BET、XRD、TPR及其储氧量的测定等方法对储氧材料进行了表征.结果表明,不同沉淀剂对样品的性能有重要的影响.在控制其它条件一致的情况下,用分别以氨水和以碳酸铵做沉淀剂可得到高温老化后仍保持高比表面积,储氧性能稳定的储氧材料;用(NH4)2CO3和NH3·H2O做混合沉淀剂所制得的储氧材料,其抗老化性能较差.3种不同沉淀剂所制备的储氧材料均可形成结构为四方晶相的CeO2-ZrO2固溶体,材料的还原性取决于比表面积,但与储氧性能无直接关系.     

La0.65Sr0.35MnO3@LiMn2O4正极材料在聚合物锂电池中的应用

通过以乙酸镧、乙酸锶和乙酸锰制备的锰酸锶镧(La_(0.65)Sr_(0.35)MnO_3)和尖晶石型锰酸锂(LiMn_2O_4)正极材料作为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了质量分数分别为0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的锰酸锶镧表面包覆的LiMn_2O_4正极材料。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、充放电循环测试等对包覆材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征,研究不同包覆比例对材料的微观结构、形貌及在502030型电池中电的化学性能。通过XRD和SEM分析可知,包覆锰酸锶镧对锰酸锂的结构并没有改变,当包覆比例为1.0%时,包覆材料分布均匀。对材料进行电化学性能测试发现,纯相LiMn_2O_4首次放电比容量为94.5mAh/g,循环500周后容量保持率为57.78%;包覆比例为1.0%的LiMn_2O_4首次放电比容量为106.2mAh/g,循环500周后容量保持率为64.22%,首次放电比容量增加了12.4%,容量保持率提高了6.44%。结果表明,经过包覆后材料的电化学性能得到了明显提高。     

纳米Ce0.8Zr0.2O2固溶体的溶剂热制备与催化性能研究

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料用溶剂热的方法在甲酸中120℃加热24h制得了纳米Ce0.8Zr0.2O2固溶体材料,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、Raman光谱、扫描电镜（SEM）和投射电镜（TEM）对其进行了表征。在乙酸和正丁醇制备乙酸丁酯的反应中考察了其催化活性。XRD和Raman光谱显示出所制备的样品形成了具有氧化铈立方结构的均一固溶体。TEM结果表明所合成的Ce0.8Zr0.2O2的粒径〈100nm。在酯化反应中,Ce0.8Zr0.2O2固溶体具有较高的催化活性,且容易和反应液分离。反复实用10次后,其催化活性基本上保持不变。     

水热法制备Ce(Zr)O2纳米复合粉体

采用水热合成法制得了Ce／Zr的比例为1的Ce(Zr)O2复合氧化物粉体。系统研究了矿化剂浓度、水热处理条件(温度、时间)对产物粒度、比表面和物相的影响。研究显示：在酸性介质中,产物团聚程度轻,颗粒较均匀;在碱性介质中,颗粒极细,但团聚程度重;提高水热处理温度和延长处理时间都使产物粒度增大．比表面积降低。XRD及TEM显示样品灼烧处理前后均为立方相或接近立方相。     

铁氧体Ba(Zn0.65CO0.35)2Fe16O27/环氧树脂复合材料板吸波性能与优化

首先采用化学共沉和高温助熔工艺制备铁氧体Ba(Zn0.65CO0.35)2 Fe16O27粉体,用手糊工艺制备铁氧体/M-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板,再用波导法测定复合材料的电磁参数.研究表明当铁氧体Ba(Zn0.65CO0.35)2 Fe16O(27)含量不变时,复合材料板的吸波性能随板厚度的增加而提升,且试样反射...     

W掺入对Ti0.8Zr0.2Ce0.2O2.4/Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2催化脱硝性能的优化

以Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂(ATS)为载体、Ti_0.8Zr_0.2Ce_0.2O_2.4(TZC)为催化活性组分, 采用挤出成型法制备系列整体式TZC/ATS及W掺入催化剂样品。研究了W掺入对催化剂TZC/ATS 的氨气选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)脱除NO活性及抗K₂O、CaO等毒性的影响, 比较了Ti_0.8Zr_0.2Ce_0.2W_0.08O_2.64/ATS(TZCW_0.4/ATS)催化剂与V₂O₅(WO₃)/TiO₂催化剂的抗K₂O、CaO等中毒性能, 并采用N₂-BET、XRD、SEM和NH₃-TPD等技术手段分别表征了催化剂的比表面积、固相结构、微观形貌及表面酸性。结果表明, 当活性组分中Ti/Zr/Ce/W元素摩尔比为4:1:1:0.4时, TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂NH₃-SCR脱除NO的效率最高、稳定性最好。W掺入显著增强了催化剂的抗K₂O及CaO毒性能力, 且TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂抗K₂O及CaO的中毒能力明显强于V₂O₅(WO₃)/TiO₂催化剂。分析表明, W掺入提高了TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂的比表面积, 增加了催化剂的表面酸量, 从而优化了催化剂的脱硝性能。     

掺杂Sn对低铈型复合氧化物纳米储氧材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了低铈型Ce-Zr-Sn复合氧化物纳米储氧材料,采用X射线衍射、储氧量、比表面积等研究手段对其进行了分析和表征,结果表明,低铈型Ce（0.35）Zr（0.55-x）SnxLa（0.1）O（1.95）（x=0-0.12）复合氧化物纳米储氧材料具有高的比表面积和储氧量,且物相单一,只含有稳定的立方结构的固溶体晶相。少量Sn的掺入有利于低铈型铈锆固溶体储氧材料热稳定性能和低温储氧性能的提高。当Sn含量（摩尔分数）为0.06时,样品的低温储氧量和比表面积最高,抗老化性能最佳,经1000℃高温老化5h后,储氧量和比表面积仍可达298.1μmo1/g和48.95m~2/g。     

Self-propagating high temperature synthesis and magnetic properties of Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 powders

Ni-Zn ferrite powders were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. X-ray diffraction, TEM and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure and magnetic properties of the combustion products. The effect of the combustion temperature (T _c), the major parameter of the SHS process, on particle size, phase composition and magnetic properties of the products was also studied. The results showed that particle size grew with the increasing combustion temperature. The maximum saturation magnetization,M _s, increased with combustion temperature indicating the growth of grain size and high degree of ferritization, while residual magnetization,M _r, and coercive force,H _c, decreased. Compared with other methods, Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄ ferrite powders with improved magnetic properties can be obtained by SHS at 1000°C.     

Electrical transport in Gd2.6Ca0.4Mg0.25Zr0.65Ga4.1O12 crystalsMg0.25Zr0.65Ga4.1O12 crystals

The dc electrical conductivity of Gd_2.6Ca_0.4Mg_0.25Zr_0.65Ga_4.1O₁₂ garnet crystals was measured in the temperature range from 300 to 650 K in air. Thermally stimulated polarization currents were recorded in the range from 300 to 600 K. The activation energy for conductivity (10^-16 to 10^-17 S/cm at 295 K) and trap parameters were determined. Phenomenological analysis of the experimental results was performed. O^- centers are assumed to be responsible for charge transport. The conduction mechanism can be understood in terms of the hopping of small-radius polarons. Heterovalent cation substitutions are likely to stabilize electrically active defects.     

Strengthening of alumina by cerium-zirconate (Ce2Zr2O7)

Composite powders of Al₂O₃ and 0 to 30 vol% Ce₂Zr₂O₇ are prepared by a hybrid sol-gel method using Al₂O₃ powders and a sol formed from Zr-alkoxide and cerium nitrate. All the Zr from the sol goes to form the cerium zirconate phase when the powders are calcined in N₂. Pressureless sintering in air at 1500°C yields composites with high density (98%). Maximum values of fracture toughness and strength, 6.5 MPa and 620 MPa respectively, (e.g. 3.5 MPa and 350 MPa for pure Al₂O₃) are obtained in 10 vol% Ce₂Zr₂O₇ composite sintered in air. The dominant mechanism for enhancement in K _IC is believed to be crack bridging. Crack bridging activity in the 10 vol% composite is found to be maximum and extends upto 190 m from the crack tip.     

微波均相合成Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2粉体及其烧结性

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和ZrOCl2.8H2O为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,利用微波均相法制备Ce0.75Zr0.25O2粉体,采用热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜表征制备的粉体,对制备的粉体压制成型并烧结,用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结体的微观结构。结果表明,合成Ce0.75Zr0.25O2前驱体时加入2倍于Ce3+物质的量的H2O2可以减小固溶体颗粒粒度,降低固溶温度30℃;所制备的固溶体粉体具有良好的烧结性,在1 550℃得到烧结体的相对密度达99.57%。     

Structural and dielectric properties of Pb0.91(La,K)0.09(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.9775O3 ceramics

Potassium-modified polycrystalline samples of PLZT, Pb_0.91(La_{1 – z/3}K_z)_0.09(Zr_0.65Ti_0.35)_0.9775O₃ [z = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7], were prepared using sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of these compounds show that they can be formed in single phase at 800 °C. Pellets prepared from the above powders were sintered at 1100 °C. Detailed studies of the dielectric constant () and loss tangent (tan ) of the compounds at different frequencies (400 Hz to 10 kHz) at room temperature (RT) and temperature (RT to 350 °C) suggest that the compounds undergo ferroelectric phase transition of diffuse-type on increasing K-concentration. Analysis of diffuseness of these compounds gives a value close to 2, which indicates the presence of higher degree of disorder in PLZT substituted by K. The dielectric constant () is found to increase initially and then to decrease with increasing K concentration.