基于成本约束的机械产品装配实现

针对并行设计中的性能需求和成本约束,提出了一类自上而下的并行环境下装配设计的实施模式,发展了该模式下的装配建模方法及装配设计表达方式;讨论了模型对产品设计与装配规划实施的设计准则.针对具体实例,对产品的装配性、装配方案的选择进行了分析及优化,获得了最优的装配实现路径.结果表明,提出的装配模型能够优化装配过程,并有利于缩短工期和降低成本.     

计算机辅助几何可行装配顺序推理及其优化分析

针对装配优先关系分析、几何可行装配顺序推理以及最优几何可行装配顺序选择3个层次的问题,提出了一种系统化的分析方法——几何约束分析方法。该方法从装配体中各个零件之间的约束方向分析出发,可以自动求解出正确和完备的装配优先关系在装配优先关系的约束下,可以计算出所有的几何可行装配顺序规划;并从操作空间大、装配方便角度出发,设计出几何可行装配顺序优选算法,可以从大量的几何可行装配顺序中求解出几何性能最佳的装配顺序规划。应用具体实例分析演示了几何约束分析方法在计算机中的实现过程,并证实了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

基于CATIA V5二次开发的产品自动装配

数字化建模过程中,产品的自动装配可以省去大量手动工作,提高效率。介绍CATIA V5二次开发的方法,利用CAA实现打开CATIA装配体文件,将已有部件插入到装配体中,建立约束关系,实现产品自动装配的功能。提出采用坐标轴系统重合的约束方法,以自动钻铆机床和壁板的自动装配为实例验证。     

面向质量目标的再制造复杂机械产品装配分组优化配置方法

为提高再制造机械装配精度和装配质量稳定性,提出一种面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品装配分组优化配置方法。分析复杂机械再制造装配生产的特点,建立面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品分组优化配置方法总体架构;在质量公差精度分级和极值法尺寸链约束的基础上,结合质量损失-公差函数和装配成本函数,在保证质量和成本最小化的目标下,构建面向再制造质量目标的复杂机械产品装配分组优化约束函数,并给出基于模拟退火遗传算法的模型运算过程,求解出动态规划优化配置方案,规范化标准化装配过程,减少再制造装配过程不确定性,确保再制造产品质量;通过某再制造发动机装配过程实例验证该方法的可行性和有效性,为提高复杂机械产品再制造装配质量提供一种切实可行的解决方案。     

PRO/E CE/TOL在模具设计中的应用

三维设计软件以其卓越功能引领设计领域,PRO/E作为其中一种有着强大的功能。本文运用PRO/E软件对模具总成进行设计及装配,同时运用自带的PRO/E中的CE/TOL(公差分析)模块对所设计的模具零件及零件装配的全过程进行公差分析与综合优化,确定各零件的公差在装配过程中影响关键尺寸公差的约束及其敏感度,通过改变个别零件的关键尺寸的公差约束即公差的优化过程,达到模具装配后的合理间隙,减少发生干涉和精度超标的概率,提高模具精度。     

计算机辅助几何可行装配顺序推理及基优化分析

针对装配优先关系分析,几何可行装配顺序推理以及最优几何可行装配顺序选择3个层次的问题,提出了一种系统化的分析方法-几何约束分析方法,该方法从装配体中各个零件之间的约束方向分析出发,可以自动求解出正确和完备的装配优先关系;在装配优先关系的约束政下,可以计算出所有的几何可行装配顺序规划;并从操作空间大、装配方便角度出发,设计出几何可行装配顺序优选算法;可以从大量的几何可行装配顺序中求解出几何性能最佳的装配顺序规划,应用具体实例分析演示了几何约束方法在计算机中的实现过程,并证实了该方法的实用性有效性。     

洗衣机装配序列遗传优化建模及算法研究

为了研究装配序列遗传优化问题,以某洗衣机装配序列规划为例,讨论了面向装配序列遗传优化的建模方法。结合装配生产线布局、工位装配能力和工件连接关系的实际,给出了可装配性性能指标相关权重的一般性确定原则,建立了面向遗传优化的装配模型,并设计了遗传优化的编码方式和进化算子。为保证个体的有效性,提出了工位约束检验和以连接关系为依据的工件约束检验;为保持种群多样性、避免遗传算法早熟,提出了采用局部搜索策略进行扩展操作的方法。对洗衣机装配序列优化的结果验证了所建模型及所提算法的有效性。     

基于约束关系网的膜片离合器装配设计缺陷辨识与最优修正

提出了机械产品装配设计参数与其约束判定函数的关联方法,研究了装配约束关系网中节点的数据结构,给出了装配约束关系网的构建方法,描述了装配约束关系网的禁忌表访问方式,在此基础上提出了基于装配约束关系网的装配设计缺陷的辨识模型与方法。从装配约束关系网中的设计缺陷节点出发,以约束路径的权值之和为目标函数,采用蚁群算法对装配设计缺陷的修正路径进行了优化。以膜片离合器的装配设计为实例进行了装配设计缺陷的辨识与修正,结果表明,提出的装配设计缺陷辨识模型与修正方法不仅能够快速辨识出装配设计缺陷,而且能够有效地提高装配设计缺陷的修正质量和效率。     

基于虚拟现实和仿生算法的装配序列优化

针对自动装配规划和交互式规划都存在不足,将虚拟现实和仿生算法结合起来,提出一种生成优化装配序列的新方法.建立基于几何约束的虚拟装配环境,在该环境中根据经验和知识进行交互式拆卸,定义优先约束表来表达零件间的优先约束关系.应用蚁群算法规划出初始优化的装配顺序,再在虚拟环境下进行仿真、评价和优化,考虑装配位置可达性和工具操作等因素,识别新的优先约束和评价准则,重新规划出更优的装配顺序,不断反复和完善,直到得到满意的最佳装配顺序为止.通过实例验证该方法有效性.     

基于约束解除的装配序列并行化优化

为了提高产品装配的效率，提高装配序列的并行性，提出了基于约束解除和简化配合关联图的装配序列并行优化方法。给出了装配效率的评价指标一并行性评价因子的数学模型。将模糊逻辑用于装配约束的量化过程，通过约束归约方法将无约束条件下可自由运动零件的自身约束与零件间通过点、线、面之间几何约束关系所表达的装配约束进行求交，建立零件间的等价约束评价值即联接度，联接度概念的提出清晰地表达了配合关联图中的薄弱环节；在此基础上，建立装配体的赋权配合关联图，并根据联接度值的大小对零件间的虚联接进行简化，给出了一个基于阈值的追求装配最高并发度的配合关联图分解与重组策略，实现了装配序列并行优化，并通过实例说明了该算法的有效性。     

Assembly process planning and its future in collaborative manufacturing: a review

A good assembly process plan can increase the efficiency and quality, and decrease the cost and time of the whole product manufacturing process, which is important as product and production demand changes rapidly in today’s market. Several approaches using different techniques and methodologies have been developed and reported in the literature for assembly process planning. Automated assembly process planning (AAPP) has been the main focus of the research efforts over the years, with most work concentrated on attempting to automate or to semi-automate the key sequencing process. However, some of these efforts have not been successful in general, and many assembly process plans are still based on traditional methods. The purpose of this paper is to review and outline the methodologies and tools in assembly process planning developed during the past ten years, such as the application of meta-heuristics methods to find the optimal/near optimal assembly plans and assembly line balancing, the evaluation methods for design for assembly (DFA), and collaborative assembly process planning systems. Based on this review the future trends in this area are also identified and discussed.     

Design automation and optimization of assembly sequences for complex mechanical systems

Assembly sequence design for a mechanical system can have significant impact on manufacturing cost and product quality. Traditionally, such a design process is largely based on experience and best practices, often ineffective and non-optimal as the system becomes complex. This paper proposes a new, systematic method for automatic assembly sequence design and optimization. Key elements include assembly modeling, sequence planning, locating scheme optimization, dimensional quality evaluation, and optimization. First, a directed graph and an assembly matrix are employed to describe the assembly relation of a system. Then, the feasible assembly sequences are generated through layered subassembly detection of adjacency matrices, filtered by engineering constraints. To evaluate quickly the assembly quality and compare the influences of different locating point schemes, a linear 3D variation propagation analysis model with deterministic locating principle is introduced. The optimal locating scheme is then selected using a genetic algorithm with the least variation propagation. Finally, the assembly dimensional quality for different sequences is evaluated and the optimal assembly sequences are achieved through genetic algorithms. A case of automotive body side assembly is presented to illustrate the whole methodology.     

基于尺寸容差的虚拟装配公差优化设计

提出了一种基于虚拟装配尺寸容差的公差优化设计新算法：由定义创建配合信息矩阵,并从矩阵中快速搜寻配合信息、生成装配尺寸链;依据田口品质损失理论,同时采用多元微分法或遗传算法的模拟求解法得到优化的装配公差。     

Assembly sequences merging based on assembly unit partitioning

Assembly sequence planning is a typical of combinatorial optimization problem which is difficult to be tackled when the number of parts of assembly becomes large. To reduce the searching space of assembly sequence planning of complex products, assembly sequences merging based on assembly unit partitioning is suggested. Assembly unit partitioning is presented to decompose the complex products into a group of assembly units containing a reduced number of parts or components, and the assembly design constraints and the assembly process constraints are comprehensively taken into account. The global optimal assembly sequences can be acquired through three steps. Firstly, the assembly units and decision graph of assembly unit are generated utilizing fuzzy analytical hierarchy process approach. Secondly, the optimal or near-optimal subsequences of assembly units can be obtained with current efficient methods of assembly sequence planning. Thirdly, under the assembly interference of assembly relations (geometrical constraints) of the whole products and the assembly precedence concluded by subsequences of assembly units, the assembly sequence merging is implemented to generate the global assembly sequences, and the optimal sequence is obtained through assembly sequences evaluation. The assembly constraints considered at the two previous steps is represented by the evaluation function. The effectiveness of the method is verified by an illustrative example and the results show that the searching space of assembly sequence merging of complex products is reduced remarkably and the optimal assembly sequence of the whole produces is obtained.     

基于模拟退火算法的装配序列生成与优化

分析了一个优良装配序列应满足的装配约束条件,从几何可行和工艺优良两方面对装配序列进行评价;介绍了影响装配序列工艺性能的四大因素及其量化方法。在此基础上,建立了基于模拟退火算法的装配序列优化规划模型,并对算法的性能和速度进行了分析、处理。最后通过齿轮泵的应用实例说明了该优化算法的有效性。     

An integrated method for block assembly sequence planning in shipbuilding

Many efforts in the past have been made to find more efficient methods for assembly sequence planning in machining area. While few researches reported in other area such as block assembly in shipbuilding industry. In general, a ship hull is built with hundreds of different blocks, most of which are complicated in structure and different from each other in assembly planning. Additionally, there may be a large number of feasible assembly sequences for any block. A better sequence can help to reduce the cost and time of the manufacture. Therefore, it is necessary to seek out the optimal sequence from all feasible ones. Currently, the assembly sequences are determined manually by some process engineers. Consequently, it is becoming a time-consuming task and cannot make the assembly plan consistent to improve productivity. In this paper, a methodology-integrated case-based reasoning and constraints-based reasoning is proposed to improve the assembly planning for complicated products. Besides, genetic algorithm is designed to evaluate and select the optimal sequence automatically from the reference ones. The validity of the method is tested using real blocks, and the results show that it can facilitate the optimal assembly sequences generation.     

基于敏感度分析的多工位薄板装配过程测点优化设计

提出了一种多工位薄板装配过程测点优化设计方法。该方法利用薄板装配偏差流传递的状态空间模型确定优化设计的目标函数,采用遗传算法实现测点在多工位间坐标位置的优化设计。装配过程实验表明,该优化方法显著提高了测量数据对夹具定位偏差反应的敏感度,有助于在夹具定位偏差产生的早期发现问题,避免因夹具定位偏差引起的产品质量缺陷。     

MODEL OF OPERATING AND BALANCING ASSEMBLY LINE IN A MASS CUSTOMIZATION ENVIRONMENT

The successful implementation of mass customization lies on reengineering technology andmanagement methods to organize the production. Especially in assembly phase, various product con-figurations, due-time penalties and order-driven strategy challenge the traditional operation and man-agement of assembly lines. The business features and the operation pattern of assembly line based onmass customization are analyzed. And the research emphatically studies various technologic factors toimprove customer satisfaction and their corresponding implement methods in operating assembly line.     

车身复杂曲线匹配优化问题研究

在汽车白车身的过程中，往往会遇到两个具有复杂曲面轮廓的三维零件的匹配校园优化问题，为此提出了一种新的解决三维曲线空间匹配位置优化的优化算法，通过构造适当的优化具有目标函数，提高优化求解的收敛速度，增强该算法的实用性和灵活性。最后讨论了该遗传算法的具体结构和改进的算法。     

面向快速设计的装配工装管理系统的研究

针对某装配总厂工装管理不够规范以及设计效率低等问题，提出了以现有网络资源为信息交互平台，建立装配工装的实物管理、文档管理和过程管理的标准化业务流程。同时将实例推理技术应用于工装的设计过程，提出了设计流程和推理策略，为工装的快速设计提供了有效的手段。该系统基于J2EE技术开发框架，并采用Oracle10g作为数据库服务器。