输气管道工程管件壁厚设计方法探讨

管件壁厚设计在标准中有多种方法,国内管件制造商普遍采用的数学分析法相对保守,计算得出的壁厚偏厚,不仅浪费资源、增加成本、增大现场焊接难度,还增加了高压大口径管件的生产难度,可能导致管件性能和质量无法达到设计要求。因此,应考虑提升管件壁厚设计方法,降低管件壁厚,以保证管件乃至工程建设的综合质量。以强度爆破试验为基础的验证试验法是国外管件制造商广泛采用的管件设计方法,几项对比研究均表明在相同设计条件下,验证试验法比数学分析法确定的壁厚更薄,证实了验证试验法在安全和经济方面的优越性。建议从设计标准层面补充验证试验法,为输气管道工程管件设计提供标准依据,并开展更多管件验证试验研究,推广验证试验法的应用。     

黄连中提取黄连素

对从黄连中提取黄连素的三种方法,即硫酸法、石灰水法、乙醇法进行了试验研究,通过对比,确定“乙醇提取法”是较理想的方法。     

均匀设计法在EPDM配方试验中的应用

介绍了均匀设计法在EPDM配方试验中的应用,均匀设计法的橡胶配方试验过程是：方案设计→试验测试→试验数据回归分析→预测和优选配方→验证试验。对EPDM胶料撕裂强度,扯断伸长率和拉伸强度的试验和三元二次回归方程分析表明,均匀设计法可大大减少橡胶配方试验次数且试验效果好;EPDM胶料最优配方的硫黄,白炭黑和芳烃油用量分别为0．3,26和10份。     

基于正交设计及RSM的碳酸锰矿反浮选试验

针对云南某难选碳酸锰矿,进行了多元素分析、XRD表征和锰物相分析,确立了反浮选的选矿方法.为了优化浮选条件,通过正交试验及响应曲面法设计试验进行模拟,结果表明:通过响应曲面法优化碳酸锰矿反浮选得出的最优的条件为:十八胺用量474.78 g/t、淀粉用量为131.33 g/t、pH值=9,在该条件下,可获得的锰精矿回收率为80.1648%、品位为20.059%,并通过浮选试验进行验证,验证结果同响应曲面法预测结果基本吻合.通过选取优化后的条件进行浮选试验,浮选锰精矿回收率79.96%、精矿品位为20.07%,得到了较好的浮选指标,与响应曲面法预测结果较接近,取得了较合理的试验结果.     

钾钙肥中氧化钾的溶出规律研究

目的是研究钾钙肥中有效氧化钾的溶出规律,分别采用单因素法、正交试验法和均匀设计法来进行试验,克服了单因素试验法不易考察不同因素间交互作用的缺点,得到更加全面准确的试验结论:提取液酸度是影响钾钙肥中氧化钾溶出的首要因素,振荡时间次之,两因素间的交互作用不明显,振荡温度影响可以忽略,酸度越大,振荡时间越长,氧化钾的溶出量越多。     

化学试验设计及优化方法的发展与应用

为提高试验过程的效率,降低试验成本,需要对试验方法进行优化设计。针对常用的化学试验设计优化方法,包括正交试验设计、均匀试验设计、响应面法、蚁群算法等方法,分析了各种方法的优点及存在的问题。     

响应曲面法优化高强硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成的研究

硅酸盐水泥熟料的矿物组成对水泥力学性能有重要影响,传统方法通过正交试验法优化水泥熟料矿物组成,试验量大,且难以获得水泥熟料矿物组成最佳点。利用响应曲面法(RSM)优化硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成,基于Box-Behnken试验设计方法,揭示了石灰饱和系数(KH)、铝率(IM)、硅率(SM)与水化28 d抗压强度之间的关系,并以此建立二次模型,获得其最佳值。研究结果表明,KH、IM和SM最佳值分别为0.94、1.7和2.2,并发现采用该率值设计的水泥熟料,所制备的水泥硬化浆体孔隙率最低,因此,响应曲面法是优化硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成以提高水泥力学性能的有效方法,并有望改善水泥的耐久性。     

“双掺”高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的试验研究

采用正交试验设计方法对高性能混凝土的氯离子扩散系数进行NEL法试验,研究了不同试验因素对高性能混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响,分析了每个因素水平对高性能混凝土氯离子扩散系数的作用及各个水平之间的差异。结果表明,对高性能混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响因素依次为标养时间、复合超细粉掺量、水胶比。     

响应面法优化野生蛤蒌多糖提取工艺

采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS法)测定野生蛤蒌中多糖的含量及采用响应面设计法(RSM)优化野生蛤蒌多糖的提取条件。超声波辅助提取野生蛤蒌多糖,利用单因素试验和响应面法相结合的方法,确定最佳条件。通过试验,最佳测试波长为510 nm、显色剂用量为1.5 m L、显色时间5 min、HCl溶液的用量为0.15 m L,水解时间为20 min;在单因素试验基础上,结合响应面法优化确定提取野生蛤蒌多糖的最佳工艺条件如下:超声功率160 W,超声时间15 min,超声温度60℃,料液比1∶16。此条件下蛤蒌的提取率为12.20%。     

基于非接触式技术的工业点胶机计量测定装置研究

采用高精度的非接触式激光法设计了可对点胶机进行现场计量的检测装置;按照GB/T 26799—2011标准,采用非接触式激光法和传统法对点胶机的重复性、移动速度准确度等进行了对比试验,并用传递比较试验法验证了非接触式激光法的计量规范性。研究结果表明:非接触式激光法测得点胶机的重复性、移动速度准确度均优于传统法,传递比较试验中测得的有效行程和速率均满足工业点胶机的计量规范要求。     

SOME THEORETICAL INSIGHTS INTO RECENT CONTROL DESIGN ALGORITHMS

Internal Model Control (IMC) design procedure is known to offer valuable advantages over classical control methods, especially for robust controller design. The Perfect Controller is defined using the well-known classical PID algorithm and its equivalence to IMC. After the definition of the Perfect Controller the IMC filter tuning parameter, which is used to maintain robustness, is obtained as a result of reparametrization of the classical PID control algorithm and factorization of the model. Through factorization, invertible part of the model is used directly in defining the perfect controller and the noninvertibility effects of the model are lumped into the new IMC tuning parameter. Closed loop IMC controller design is obtained with appropriate plant parameter uncertainty representation. Theoretical foundation for the transition from classical PID design to IMC design is analyzed using simple common chemical process models.     

综合性设计性实验在生物化学实验教学中的实施与效果

综合性实验和设计性实验的是高校深化实验教学改革,提高实验教学质量,改革实验教学模式,适应人才培养需要的重要措施。其目的是培养学生的综合设计能力,提高学生的学习主动性和创造性,激发学生的认知能力、组织能力和开拓创新的意识。本文根据辽宁石油化工大学生物化学课程组在生物化学实验教学中综合性、设计性实验的具体开展,总结了在生物化学实验教学中综合性、设计性实验的实施方法和实际效果。     

折流杆换热器的计算机辅助概念设计方法

通过对单程折流杆换热器的计算机自动布管方法进行研究,建立了布管设计的一些基本概念,并且给出了充分利用壳程结构特点进行自动布管的算法以及进行结构合理性检查的表达式。利用此结果,可采用计算机高级语言编程技术,建立单程折流杆换热器自动布管以及工艺、机械设计的软件,便于进一步的壳程结构概念设计与方案选择和评价。     

Approximate design of fully thermally coupled distillation columns

An approximate design procedure for fully thermally coupled distillation columns (FTCDCs) is proposed and applied to example ternary systems. The procedure gives a fast solution of structural and operation design for a preliminary study of the FTCDC. The structural information resolves the design difficulty, caused from the interlinking streams of the column, which is encountered when a conventional design procedure is implemented. The design outcome explains that how the thermodynamic efficiency of the FTCDC is higher than that of a conventional two-column system and how the system of a separate prefractionator is different from a dividing wall structure. From the design result of three example systems with three different feed compositions, the useful performance of the proposed scheme is proved. In addition, the structural design of the FTCDC gives better understanding of the system and leads to high efficiency design of the column.     

Design of a fully thermally coupled distillation column for hexane process using a semi-rigorous model

An industrial scale hexane process is designed for the implementation of a fully thermally coupled distillation column (FTCDC). A semi-rigorous material balance and Peng-Robinson equilibrium relation are utilized in the structural design. The operational design is conducted with a commercial design program, the HYSYS. The design outcome of the structural design indicates it to be comparable with the practical system of a conventional two-column arrangement in field operation, which shows the effectiveness of the design procedure implemented here. The procedure is good for the system of many components found from actual field applications. In addition, an investigation of the energy requirement of the FTCDC and a conventional system shows that an energy saving of 34.1% is available with the FTCDC.     

16.9-26 8PR农业无内胎轮胎的产品设计

介绍了16.9-26 8PR农业无内胎轮胎的产品设计。其结构为轮胎外直径1424 mm,轮胎断面宽414 mm,行驶面宽度398 mm,胎圈着合直径663 mm,花纹深度80 mm,花纹块占整个行驶面面积的17.45%。前支撑角为13°,后支撑角为16°。施工设计上胎面采用了三方五块压出,胎体帘布采用4层1260D/2V1线及2层1260D/2V2线,机鼓采用直径为835 mm的半芯轮式,硫化采用胶囊式硫化罐硫化。成品轮胎室内试验结果表明,轮胎充气后外缘尺寸、物理性能、断面尺寸均达到设计及相关标准要求。     

液氨铁路罐车装卸设计中的安全防护

通过对液氨性质的分析，讨论了罐车设计和工作参数的确定过程，提出了液氨罐车装卸设计中的安全问题。     

新建分子筛脱蜡装置的设计及生产标定

介绍了洛阳石油化工工程公司承担设计的中国石油抚顺石化分公司新建 12× 10 4t/a分子筛脱蜡装置的设计概况、主要技术特点及运行情况。根据装置运行初期标定数据与设计数据的对比 ,对有关原料、产品、物料平衡及能耗等进行了分析。结果表明 ,装置生产能力、产品质量和能耗指标均能达到或优于设计值。装置的设计还推进了Molex工艺国产化设计的发展。     

都江堰拉法基水泥厂的设计

设计是工程建设的灵魂。引入先进的设计理念，建设花园式现代化工厂，力求先进的生产技术与美观的工厂形象相结合。介绍都江堰拉法基水泥厂的项目特点和设计方案。     

Multi-dimensional design process management by extended product modeling for concurrent process engineering

Conventional product and process models have focused on static features. That means product models are mainly based on structural decomposition of products, and process models are also often described by activity decomposition such as work breakdown structure. From the view of design process management, it is difficult to describe dynamic features of design processes appropriately through conventional methodologies. In this paper, a multidimensional approach for design process management was explored to manifest characteristics of design processes for chemical plant design. Parallelized design process for concurrent process engineering should be managed by twodimensional design activity flows. The process management makes it possible to guide progress of design processes in a helix structure by horizontal and vertical activity control simultaneously. They stand for teleological and causal relation between design activities, respectively. That can be achieved based on an extended product model, which represents various design perspectives explicitly from a conventional design activity model. The extended product model is composed of product data, design activities, and activity drivers. Dynamic features of the extended product model are expressed by an activity chain model. These concepts will support the realization of concurrent process engineering for chemical plant design in the sense that they provide design process management strategies.