基于斜角切削理论的立铣切削力预测研究

为了预测立铣加工的切削力,把立铣刀的切削刃离散为一系列无限小的斜角切削单元。对于每个微元斜角切削单元,应用斜角切削理论来建立切屑通过时剪切区的应力、应变、应变率和温度的控制方程。采用数值方法根据控制方程计算出流动应力,并根据斜角切削和铣削之间的力变换关系,把流动应力转化为铣削力。最后,对45钢进行了多组不同切削参数的立铣实验,仿真和实验的对比结果验证了所提出模型的有效性。该方法同样可以用于其他加工方式（如车削和钻削）的建模。     

立铣刀侧铣加工FV520B不锈钢的铣削力模型

基于瞬时刚性铣削力模型建立了立铣刀侧铣FV520B不锈钢的铣削力模型,考虑了立铣刀侧铣时刀具侧刃与工件的接触区域以及参与切削的切削刃数量,通过立铣刀侧铣FV520B不锈钢铣削力测试实验来标定铣削力模型中的铣削力系数。结果显示,侧铣实验获得的铣削力系数更加符合立铣刀在大切深和刀具变形较为明显的工况。对比实验结果与铣削力模型预测值发现,该模型能够较好地预测铣削力。     

基于UG的小直径立铣刀应力场有限元分析

为了提高加工精度,对小直径立铣刀的应力场进行了有限元分析。通过铣削力试验,对不同切削参数下立铣刀的铣削力进行动态采集,利用UG建模模块进行立铣刀实体建模,根据铣削力试验结果给出边界条件,在立铣刀有限元模型上加载载荷,利用UG有限元分析模块获得了立铣刀切削过程中切入、切出的瞬时应力场云图,显示了切削中立铣刀应力场的变化规律。     

基于DEFORM-3D有限元模拟的高速铣削刀具偏心跳动分离与辨识研究

利用DEFORM-3D三维有限元软件模拟高速铣削过程,分析铣削力与切削厚度间的线性关系,建立瞬时铣削力-瞬时切削厚度数学模型.通过一维搜索分离出刀具偏心跳动引起的铣削力并予以再次有限元模拟,完成刀具偏心跳动参数辨识,最终通过平头立铣刀加工AL6061-T6试验验证有限元模拟预测刀偏铣削力模型的正确性,为铣削力学分析与参...     

Cr12MoV切削加工物理仿真与试验研究

利用ABAQUS软件对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢的车削过程进行有限元仿真,模拟了切屑从局部剪切失稳到断裂的过程,预测了刀具与工件的温度,以及已加工表面的残余应力。通过Pro/E软件建立了球头立铣刀的三维CAD模型,在此基础上建立了球头立铣刀铣削加工Cr12MoV冷作模具钢的物理仿真模型,预测了球头立铣刀S形切削刃上的温度分布及切削力。在三轴数控加工中心上进行了球头立铣刀铣削凹圆弧工件的试验,并用KISTLER 9257B测力仪测量了铣削力。仿真得到的铣削力与实验测量得到的铣削力数据误差在15%以内,证明了所建立的铣削仿真模型是正确的。     

数控立铣刀强度数值模拟

针对立铣刀在实际加工过程中的失效问题,提出优化结构和工艺参数,使铣削过程尽可能平稳.通过建立立铣刀数学模型,利用有限元软件模拟加载并分析出了不同切削参数下立铣刀各组成部分的应力、变形大小及分布情况,完成了结构和切削参数的优化设计,最终为选刀和工艺参数的确定提供了依据,同时为立铣刀使用和设计提供了参考.     

基于UG的立铣刀铣削力的有限元分析

为提高加工精度,对立铣刀的应力场进行了有限元分析。通过铣削力试验,对不同切削参数下立铣刀的铣削力进行动态采集,利用UG中的建模模块进行立铣刀实体建模,根据切削力实验结果给出了边界条件,在立铣刀有限元模型上进行加载,利用UG有限元分析模块,获得了立铣刀切削过程中切入、切出的瞬时应力场云图,显示了切削中铣刀片应力场的变化规律。     

基于有限元仿真的高速干式切削立铣刀切削温度研究

基于传热学和金属切削理论,在热源法的基础上,建立了高速干式铣削时立铣刀温度场的数学模型;利用有限元软件ANSYS,分析了立铣刀在不同切削工况下温度场的变化规律,推导出了立铣刀平均切削温度的经验公式,以及切削温度与切削用量的关系。     

铝合金铣削力和温度场的试验研究

应用测力仪和红外热像仪对铝合金切削过程中的切削力和温度信号进行了测试,建立了硬质合金立铣刀切削铝合金的铣削力经验模型,可以有效地指导生产,合理选择切削工艺参数。研究发现,铣削温度随切削参数变化趋势与铣削力同步。切屑的长度、圆弧半径、厚度分别受切削深度、切削速度以及每齿进给量影响而使切屑呈现不同形态。立铣刀在切削铝合金时除切削作用外,还伴随较为严重的塑性变形。另外,分析了切削参数对表面质量的影响。     

钛合金型面侧壁铣削力建模与仿真

钛合金型面件侧壁的铣削一般采用整体硬质合金立铣刀进行加工,因切削力的影响,加工过程较难控制且会产生零件变形,对铣削力进行建模和预测是控制加工变形的有效措施。通过圆柱螺旋立铣刀微元切削力矢量求和及合成,建立了整体立铣刀侧面铣削过程中的瞬态切削力预测模型;采用不同进给速度条件下的铣削力辨识试验,并对平均切削力试验数据进行数值线性拟合,获得了钛合金侧面铣削试验圆柱螺旋立铣刀的剪切力和犁耕力系数。计算了不同切削参数下的四刃整体硬质合金立铣刀的瞬时切削力,并结合钛合金侧面铣削试验验证了所建立的仿真模型的有效性。这为钛合金结构件侧面铣削加工工艺参数的制定和优化选择提供了理论指导依据。     

基于斜角切削理论的钛合金螺旋铣孔切削力建模

通过分析螺旋铣孔的加工原理和计算加工过程中的运动向量,结合侧刃和底刃对切削力的影响,建立了螺旋铣孔过程的切削力解析模型。提出了基于斜角切削的切削力系数辨识方法,并根据斜角切削过程几何关系推导出摩擦角、剪切角、剪切应力的约束方程。开展切削力系数辨识试验和钛合金螺旋铣孔试验对仿真值进行验证,结果表明,切削力的仿真值与试验值误差较小,平均误差为9.55%,从而验证了斜角切削系数辨识方法的有效性和切削力模型的正确性。     

不等距立铣刀切削力模型的建立及试验分析

在特定铣削条件下,建立了多齿不等距铣刀的切削力模型,并通过正交试验验证所建的切削力模型;通过分析不同的切削参数对切削力系数的影响,综合确定了在小切削宽度铣削过程中合理选用切削参数的基本原则。     

难加工材料型腔圆角数控铣削的切削力预测

在难加工材料型腔的数控铣削过程中,圆角区域的加工阶段,径向切削深度和真实进给量的变化很大程度上影响切削力,造成扎刀、撞刀、振动等很多的问题, 影响工件的加工准确度和刀具的寿命,甚至使得加工无法顺利进行.文中建立端铣刀和圆角轮廓几何关系的数学模型,提出普遍适用于矩形与梯形型腔圆角的切削力预测方法.最后,对型腔圆角切削力的变化规律预测方法进行验证.     

Modeling of cutting force under the tool flank wear effect in end milling Ti6Al4V with solid carbide tool

This paper presented a study of the relationship between cutting force and tool flank wear of solid carbide tool during the wet end milling Ti6Al4V. The modeling of 3D cutting force in end milling considering tool flank wear was discussed, which showed that for the given cutting conditions, tool geometries, and workpiece material, cutting force under the tool flank wear effect can be predicted easily and conveniently. In addition, the experimental work of end milling Ti6Al4V with solid carbide tool was developed to investigate the relationship between cutting force and tool flank wear, and comparison between experimental results and predicted results was discussed. The results showed that the proposed mathematical model can help to predict 3D cutting force under the tool flank wear effect with high accuracy.     

Method for recognizing wave dynamics damage in high-speed milling cutter

Under the influence of a high-speed, interrupted-cutting impact load, a great difference is existed among the internal load propagation of a milling cutter. Furthermore, the cutter damage caused by partial particle severe vibration has restricted the improvement of a high-speed milling energy efficiency; thus, the essence of wave dynamics damage in milling cutter remains has yet to be revealed. In this paper, through the relation between the systematic whole vibration and the particle motion, the dynamic response of milling cutter’s particle to cutting force load can be solved by the particle motion differential equation which is constructed with a one-dimensional string dynamic system. A combination of Newton’s second law and the constitutive equation of milling cutter material establishes the wave dynamics equation of milling cutter components. An approach for solving the wave front position and wave velocity of milling cutter’s stress wave is proposed, and the propagation path of transient cutting force to the milling cutter is communicated. The attenuation model of stress wave reflection is established to provide a method for revealing the stress wave transmission and distribution in milling cutter. The constitutive relation of milling cutter components under the impact load is obtained by split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment. A force connection method is adopted to make the trans-scale correlation analysis between continuum medium mechanics and molecular dynamics, thereby revealing the wave dynamics damage characteristics of a high-speed milling cutter. The results show that the potential damage position and types of milling cutter can be distinguished by the above method.     

A 3D Predictive Cutting-Force Model for End Milling of Parts Having Sculptured Surfaces

A comprehensive, 3D mathematical model of desired/optimal cutting force for end milling of freeform surfaces is proposed in this paper. A closed-form predictive model is developed, based on a perceptive cutting approach, resulting in a cutting force model having a comprehensive set of essential cutting parameters. In particular, the normal rake angle, usually missing in most existing models of the same sort, is included in the developed model. The model also permits quantitative analyses of the effect of any parameters on the cutting performance of the tool, providing a guideline to improving the tool performance. Since the axial depth of cut varies with time when milling sculptured surface parts, an innovative axial depth of cut estimation scheme is proposed for the generation of 3D cutting forces. This estimation scheme improves on the practicality of most existing predictive cutting-force models for milling, in which the major attention has been focused on planar milling surface generation. In addition, the proposed model takes the rake surface on the flute of mills as an osculating plane to yield 3D cutting force expressions in only two steps. This approach greatly reduces the time-consuming mathematical work normally required for obtaining the cutting-force expressions. A series of milling simulations for machining freeform parts under specific cutting conditions have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed cutting-force model. The simulation results demonstrate the accurate estimating capability of the proposed method for axial depth of cut estimation. The cutting force responses from the simulation exhibit the same trends as can be obtained using the empirical mechanic’s model referenced in the literature. Finally, from the simulation results it is also shown that designing a tool with a combination of different helix angles, having cutting force signatures similar to those of the single helix angle counterparts, is particularly advantageous.     

Development and experimental validation of a mechanistic model of cutting forces in micro- ball end milling of full slots

In the present work, a mechanistic model of cutting forces is developed with a novel approach to arrive at the cutting edge geometry as well as the cutting mechanics. The geometry of cutting elements derived and verified using a virtual tool generated in CAD environment is considered. The cutting and edge force coefficients at every discrete point on the cutting edge of micro-ball end mill are established in a novel way from the basic metal cutting principles and fundamental properties of materials, considering edge radius and material strengthening effects. Further, measured edge radius is used in the model. Full slot micro-ball end milling experiments are conducted on a high-precision high-speed machining center using a 0.4 mm diameter tungsten carbide tool and cutting forces are measured using a high-sensitive piezo-electric dynamometer. It is established that the predicted as well as experimental cutting forces are higher at very low uncut chip thickness in comparison with the cutting edge radius in micro-ball end milling also. Amplitudes of cutting forces and instantaneous values with incremental rotation of the tool are compared with predicted values over two revolutions for validation of proposed model.     

Multidisciplinary design optimization of a milling cutter for high-speed milling of stainless steel

The milling cutter’s fracture strength is more important than its chemical stability and thermal conductivity in high-speed milling. The multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) method is employed to optimize the fracture-resistant performance of a milling cutter in this work. An experimental study on high-speed milling of the martensitic stainless steel 0Cr13Ni4Mo is conducted. The cutting forces and cutting temperature in the milling process are measured to provide initial data for the structural optimization of the milling cutter. The mathematical models of cutting force and cutting temperature are studied. Considering that the induced stress in the milling cutter is generated by thermomechanical coupling, the thermoelastic–plastic governing equation in the milling process is introduced in this work. The sensitivity of the structural parameters to the maximum equivalent stress of the milling cutter is calculated, and the structural parameters that have the greatest effects on the maximum equivalent stress are determined as design variables for the cutters’ optimization. The MDO procedure for the cutter’s optimization consists of updating of solid model, finite element analysis of thermomechanical coupling, postprocessing, and optimization algorithm. The MDO results show that the optimized milling cutter has a better fracture-resistant performance than the initial one. The maximum deformation, overall equivalent stress, and deformation are decreased.     

大悬伸状态加工水室封头重型铣削振动分析

针对大悬伸状态下加工水室封头产生的重型铣削振动,以重型铣削水室封头现场加工实验为基础,分析重型铣削振动产生的原因,并根据现场实验对工件已加工表面形貌进行对比分析。建立重型铣削刀具偏心跳动模型、刀具与主轴系统的轻微变形模型和进给系统刚度的模型,分析其对重型铣削瞬时切削厚度的影响,同时建立重型铣削力数学模型和铣削轨迹模型。分析重型铣削系统振动影响因素及规律,振动模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。该工作为进一步研究重型铣削振动特性提供依据。