含油废水处理的调研和实践

对含油废水的处理工艺现状进行了调研,提出了涡凹气浮法和针动力法的处理技术,取得了显著效果。     

涡凹气浮法在再生浆造纸废水处理中的应用

介绍了用涡凹气浮法处理再生浆造纸废水的工艺原理、技术特点、工艺流程和实践应用，再生浆造纸废水经该工艺处理后，出水水质达到造纸工业废水排放标准GWPB2-1999二级标准。工程实践表明该工艺具有设备集成度高，投资与占地面积少，运行效果稳定等优点，具有较高的推广价值。     

气浮法除藻条件和参数分析

本文着重以美国波士顿市水处理说明了去除藻类溶气气浮法中气泡体积浓度、水温、絮粒形成时间等的影响并根据有关绿藻类和硅藻类的实验研究，阐述了采用气浮法时铝盐和PAC等混凝剂最佳投加量的确定，并对气浮法中其它因素条件和基本参数进行了分析。     

气浮法处理重油气化炭黑污水工业试验

简介了气浮法重油气化炭黑污水处理技术原理、装置及其工业试验情况。通过工业性生产试验证实了气浮法处理重油气化炭黑污水技术是完全可行的，得出的有关工艺技术参数为设计工作提供了依据。     

气浮法实现选煤厂煤泥水闭路循环的试验研究

笔者对气浮法和沉淀法处理煤泥水作循环水的效果进行了比较。从试验所得的数据来看,用气浮法处理煤泥水作循环用水的方法是可行的,气浮法在回收煤泥方面要明显优于沉淀法,特别是当煤泥水浓度较高或较低时,但如果煤泥水要达标排放,则还需进一步处理。     

蒸气浮法工艺

1 引言 蒸气浮法的最初提案始于1990年，具体开始实施研究开发是在其后的1996年。经过可行性研究后进行正常的研究开发是1998年。2000年以后笔者工作变动，从事高分子方面的工作，到2005年后再次从事蒸气浮法的技术开发工作。[第一段]     

含油废水处理的新工艺

采用集油－隔油－粗粒化－气浮法处理含油废水新工艺，油排放浓度为３．９８ｍｇ／Ｌ，去油率达９９％以上，本工艺结构紧凑，占地少，投资省，操作稳定，运行费用低。     

气浮法在热轧废水处理中的应用

介绍了热轧生产的基本概况及生产过程中产生废水的情况,详细介绍了该废水的处理工艺流程及特点,重点介绍了气浮法在热轧废水处理中的作用及沥青渣的回收,以及全套处理设施的经济效益分析。     

粘胶纤维含锌废水的处理方法

介绍了中和沉淀法、络合中各法、离子交换法、高效气浮法四种粘胶纤维含锌废水的处理方法，概述了各种方法的工作原理和工艺过程。这些方法都可有效地减少废水中锌的含量。     

用混凝-气浮法处理炭黑废水

介绍了利用混凝-气浮法处理炭黑废水技术的应用情况,可将处理后废水中的炭黑含量降至70mg/L,达到了国家的排放标准,且不会产生二次污染。     

Quantitative analysis of combined impingement and through air drying of paper

Models were developed and verified to represent the water removal rate data of the two components of combined impingement and through air drying process. Eight physically meaningful parameters were identified, determined, correlated and analyzed. The increasing rate period is extended by impingement water removal. Constant impingement water removal decreases linearly with through flow ratio at a fixed impingement exhaust air flow. Constant through flow water removal is independent of the impingement air. Critical moisture content relates with through flow ratio parabolically. The maximum through flow water removal rate depends on the slope of the paper temperature increase and the extent of the secondary increasing rate period which increases with paper basis weight and drying air temperature, but decreases with through flow ratio and initial moisture content.     

Fundamental characteristics of combined impingement and through air drying of paper

An experimental facility was developed to determine fundamental characteristics of combined impingement and through air drying of paper. Removal of impingement boundary layer humidity by through flow makes both components of the combined process nonadiabatic, complicating the analysis. Water removal rate curves for both the impingement exhaust and the through flow exhaust are strikingly different from pure impingement and pure through drying rate curves, with the through flow water removal rate curve having at times a unique, secondary increasing rate period. Total drying rate is enhanced substantially by removal of a small fraction of the drying air as through flow exhaust.     

Print base decorative paper with high-dimensional stability by chemical fiber modification: An experimental and analytical approach

The main structural component of wood fibers is cellulose, which, being highly hydrophilic, interacts with water. Cellulose-based paper has, therefore, the same affinity with water. However, for most products such as decorative paper, this is more of a disadvantage, where water uptake both as liquid and from humid air not only weakens the paper by breaking hydrogen bonds but also alters its dimension and stability over time. The dimensional stability (ability of the paper to retain the size as its moisture content changes) is a critical parameter when the paper is submitted to printing, copying, and converting operations. Humidity can cause sheet wrinkling or warping, thus compromising the processability and the results achievable. The modification of fibers with chemical additives can be a way to improve the performance of paper against water and water vapor uptake. For this reason, several tests of horizontal diffusion of solvents were carried out to evaluate the change in uptake of as-is paper and of papers modified by several different chemical treatments. Solvent uptake tests were performed to assess the interaction of chemically treated and untreated papers with water, dichloromethane, and ethanol. Diffusion mechanisms of the solvents flow within the fiber networks and their movement through the porous solids were analyzed. The chemical treatments of the fiber with silane, siloxane, and polyelectrolyte multilayer were found to considerably influence both solvent contact angles and absorption times of the papers, thus affecting the rate of solvent (more interestingly, of the water) diffusion into the fiber wall. By comparing all the treated and untreated samples, the contact angles with the solvents decreased by performing siloxane, oligo-siloxane, and silane treatments. More specifically, the diffusivity rates of water decreased because of the disappearance of a fraction of the hydrophilic sites and the onset of higher crystallinity regions on the paper sheets.     

纸浆造纸废水的综合治理

对纸浆造纸废水的综合治理措施进行了介绍.通过综合治理,造纸白水实现循环利用;纸浆造纸废水处理后出水水质达到<造纸工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 3544-2001)及国家环境保护局环发[2003]152号关于修订<造纸工业水污染物排放标准>的公告要求.该综合治理实践,为其他同类废水的处理,提供了有益的借鉴.     

Effect of operating parameters on the drying performance of multicylinder paper machine dryer section

The drying performance of multicylinder dryer section in a paper machine was investigated under various operating parameters: Inlet paper solid content (48–50%), inlet paper temperature (45–50°C), supply air temperature (100–90°C), and exhaust air humidity (75–85?g H₂O/kg dry air). The variation in environmental conditions was also considered. In this study, an improved static model was utilized to study the influence of these operating parameters on paper drying. The model was constructed using sequential modeling approach based on the drying techniques of multicylinder dryer section of a paper machine. The calculated paper solid content leaving each paper drying module and energy use is in agreement with the measured results. The simulation results showed that higher paper solid content and temperature entering the dryer section, lower supply air temperature, and higher exhaust air humidity were favorable for drying performance within the studied range of these parameters.     

基于吸附剂/木浆纤维纸耦合材料的空气净化

随着人们对室内环境质量的要求越来越高,空气净化技术已成为日益重要的研究课题。提出了一种以木浆纤维纸为基材,通过浸渍的方法将吸附剂耦合于其表面的新型空气净化材料制备技术,并对其性能进行了测试和分析。首先,制备了具有不同上胶量的木浆纤维纸并测试了它们的苯吸附性能。结果显示,浸渍硅胶三次的木浆纤维纸为最优的材料,其具有较高的吸附量及良好的稳定性。此外,在相对压力低于0.5时,苯的静态吸附试验数据和动态吸附试验数据可以分别用Freundlich模型和LDF模型较好地拟合,它们的相关系数平方R²分别不小于0.97和0.94。在吸附CO₂方面,使用硅胶作为黏合剂,将13X分子筛粉末涂覆于纤维纸表面,得到的复合纤维纸材料在15 kPa和100 kPa下的CO₂吸附量分别可达到1.17 mmol/g和1.92 mmol/g。可见,使用本材料可有效地对气体进行捕集处理,为制作空气过滤网提供思路和参考。     

Enhancing water resistance of paper by graft copolymerization reaction

The chemical graft copolymerization reactions were used to enhance water resistance of paper by reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) monomer onto cellulosic paper sheet in the presence of comonomer (styrene or acrylic acid or itaconic acid) 1 : 1 molar ratio in dimethyl formamide using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator under nitrogen atmosphere at 70°C. The infrared spectroscopy confirms that graft copolymerization reaction occurs onto the paper samples. Water absorption test was carried out following the Normal Protocol 7/81 (water absorption by complete immersion) to evaluate the protective effect of the graft treatment onto the paper sheet. It was found that the three graft copolymerization systems reduced the water absorption of the investigated paper and the reduction of water absorption is directly proportional to the grafting %. The wettability of the grafted and ungrafted paper sheet samples were investigated using the wicking time method which exhibits the decreasing of paper sheet wettability using the AN/S comonomers in the graft copolymerization reaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

制浆造纸工业用消泡剂的开发及应用进展

制浆造纸工业生产过程中不可避免会产生泡沫,泡沫控制不当会严重影响制浆造纸工艺条件的执行以及设备的正常运转,导致产品产量和质量降低,而控制泡沫最直接有效的措施是添加合适的消泡剂.该文介绍了制浆造纸工业生产中泡沫的产生和稳定机理,泡沫对制浆造纸工业生产过程和产品质量的影响,并针对制浆造纸生产中制浆、抄纸、涂布和脱墨等工段泡沫特性和消泡要求,综述了制浆造纸用消泡剂的发展历程、各工段消泡剂种类和性质,介绍了消泡剂的研制开发和实际应用成本及使用效果等,并对制浆造纸用消泡剂的发展进行了展望.     

Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid-modified starch-based flame retardant in improving the flame retardancy of insulating paper

In order to improve the flame-retardant performance of insulating paper and reduce the fire risk, hydroxyethyl diphosphate and dicyandiamide were used to modify starch to prepare a new starch-based flame retardant (SHPD). The combustion, mechanical, and electrical properties of SHPD treated flame-retardant insulating paper were investigated. The results showed that when the impregnation concentration of SHPD was 25.0%, the limiting oxygen index of the insulating paper was increased from 18.3% to 38.3% and reached the level of UL-94 V-0. The tensile index and burst index of the flame-retardant insulating papers were only 10.17% and 12.5% lower than that of the control insulating paper. The ring crush strength and alternating current breakdown strength in air of the flame-retardant insulating papers were 63.3% and 1.8% higher than that of the control insulating paper. The SHPD flame retardant has a good application prospect in insulating paper.     

用封端型水性聚氨酯固化剂提高滤纸耐水性的研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇-400(PPG-400)为原料,丙酮为溶剂,亚硫酸氢钠为封端剂,借助外乳化法,合成了一种封端型水性聚氨酯固化剂。将这种固化剂与一定比例的淀粉糊化液混合后,对汽车工业用滤纸进行耐水性能整理。实验结果表明,在一定温度下封端型水性聚氨酯固化剂解封出异氰酸酯基与吸附在滤纸上的淀粉及滤纸自身的羟基反应生成氨基甲酸酯,能够有效地提高滤纸的耐水性;同时也赋予滤纸良好的硬挺度、强度、透气性。合成成本低廉、方法简单。