地铁头车底架结构耐撞性的优化研究

基于地铁碰撞事故的严重性,利用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对地铁头车车体碰撞过程进行了数值仿真,并根据计算结果对车体底架进行了优化。结果表明,优化后防爬器先于车体底架发生变形,保护了车体结构,头车耐撞性较之前有了显著的提高。     

CRH3型动车组中间车车体结构强度分析

在充分了解分析CRH3铝合金中间车车体结构和材料力学性能的基础上,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立车体有限元模型,参照相应规范,对车体在垂直载荷、纵向压缩、拉伸、气动及合成载荷工况作用下的强度和刚度进行校核,并为铝合金车体结构的改进和优化设计提供依据.得出结论:车体强度、刚度满足要求.此外还对铝合金设计中应注意的问题提出了有价值的建议.     

薄壁管结构的耐撞性研究

通过非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对异截面同厚度和同截面异厚度的薄壁结构进行了数值分析,研究了其截面形状、壁厚、诱导槽等对撞击性能的影响,得出了薄壁管结构的吸能特征。分析表明:(1)锯齿管与圆形管具有相近的吸能效果,可以作为一种新型的薄壁管吸能元件;(2)横截面形状对薄壁管的比吸能有很大的影响,圆形管比吸能效果最好;(3)薄壁管的吸能随厚度增加而提高,但撞击力峰值与撞击力均值也会随之增加,达到4mm时吸能不再提高;(4)预变形结构能够使薄壁管的比吸能减少极小的情况下大幅降低撞击力峰值与撞击力均值,能有效地避免对乘客带来二次伤害,极大地提高了机车的耐碰撞性能。     

货车后部吸能装置的设计及全宽碰撞仿真

根据载货汽车后部不具有阻挡和缓冲吸能等缺点,现设计一种车载式可拆装货车后下部防钻撞保护装置。该装置具有机械剪切型的吸能方式,主要用于高速公路上货车被迫停驶时,防止后部车辆(尤其是轿车)发生追尾钻撞事故。利用PRO/E和ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对其进行了实体建模和仿真。仿真结果表明:该吸能装置可以分解一次性碰撞的巨大能量,逐渐减小碰撞力并吸收其能量,避免轿车追尾钻入货车下部。并在此基础上,针对全宽碰撞仿真计算结果及薄壁构件吸能特性,提出了一些改进措施。     

基于耐撞性的汽车多腔结构吸能盒轻量化设计

为了在保证耐撞性的前提下实现汽车吸能盒的轻量化,通过有限元碰撞仿真对比确定了符合要求的吸能盒结构,并采用基于近似模型的优化方法获得了性能最优的多腔结构吸能盒设计方案.首先建立了多种截面形状吸能盒的有限元模型,使用有限元软件进行了碰撞仿真分析.通过对单腔结构吸能盒与不同截面的多腔结构吸能盒的碰撞性能进行评价与决策,确定了符合要求的吸能盒截面形状.其次对此截面吸能盒的内外壁厚进行试验设计,拟合了碰撞性能参数的响应面模型,建立了以吸能盒内外壁厚作为设计变量,以比吸能最大作为目标函数的数学优化模型,并进行了优化设计.结果表明,采用该方法得到的最优方案能够在保证碰撞安全性的基础上实现多腔结构吸能盒的轻量化设计.     

某SUV小偏置碰撞仿真及车体结构优化

为了评估某SUV正面小偏置碰撞结构安全性能,根据美国公路安全保险协会(IIHS)相关评价体系的要求,采用LS-DYNA软件进行碰撞仿真分析。根据正面小偏置碰撞中壁障与车辆的接触主要在纵梁之外,碰撞的载荷通过轮胎和shotgun向后传递到A柱、门槛,造成驾驶舱严重变形的特点,并结合仿真结果中车身变形的情况,提出在车架前端增加结构导向件、shotgun区域增加结构吸能和增加驾驶舱区域刚度等车体结构优化策略。仿真结果表明,车体结构评级由"poor"升至"acceptable",满足设计要求。     

CRH3型动车组中间车车体结构强度分析

在充分了解分析CRH3铝合金中间车车体结构和材料力学性能的基础上,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立车体有限元模型,参照相应规范,对车体在垂直载荷、纵向压缩、拉伸、气动及合成载荷工况作用下的强度和刚度进行校核,并为铝合金车体结构的改进和优化设计提供依据。得出结论：车体强度、刚度满足要求。此外还对铝合金设计中应注意的问题提出了有价值的建议。     

CRH3型动车组中间车车体结构强度分析

在充分了解分析CRH3铝合金中间车车体结构和材料力学性能的基础上,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立车体有限元模型,参照相应规范,对车体在垂直载荷、纵向压缩、拉伸、气动及合成载荷工况作用下的强度和刚度进行校核,并为铝合金车体结构的改进和优化设计提供依据。得出结论：车体强度、刚度满足要求。此外还对铝合金设计中应注意的问题提出了有价值的建议。     

用于众泰2008汽车的螺纹剪切式碰撞吸能装置的设计计算

笔者结合前期研究成果,初步确定了吸能装置的结构型式与尺寸参数,应用VPG软件建立了吸收装置的计算分析模型,运用LS-DYNA软件获得了计算结果.通过分析和改进后,吸能装置具有了良好的碰撞力学特性,在碰撞过程中,能够确保汽车的减加速度平均值小于40 g,加速度峰值约为42 g,波动值小于10 g,实际吸能长度小于设计吸能...     

轻型货车正面碰撞吸能结构的设计与分析

轻型货车发生正面碰撞时,保险杠与车架是主要的变形吸能结构。为防止正面碰撞时保险杠失效导致车架过度变形,基于某轻型货车车架前端缓冲空间进行吸能结构设计,通过VPG和LS-DYNA软件的联合动态仿真,对比不同截面形状吸能结构的效率,得出高效的车架前端吸能结构。当某轻型货车发生正面碰撞时,吸能结构大量吸收冲击能量,缓解了传递给车架与车身的巨大加速度,起到了保护乘员和车辆本身的作用。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.