Cooperative effect of surface alloying and laser texturing on tribological performance of lubricated surfaces

The cooperative effect of laser surface texturing (LST) and double glow plasma surface alloying on tribological performance of lubricated sliding contacts was investigated. A Nd:YAG laser was used to generate microdimples on steel surfaces. Dimples with the diameter of 150 μm and the depth of 30–35 μm distributed circumferentially on the disc surface. The alloying element Cr was sputtered to the laser texturing steel surface by double glow plasma technique. A deep diffusion layer with a thickness of 30 μm and a high hardness of HV900 was formed in this alloy. Tribological experiments of three types of samples (smooth, texturing and texturing + alloying) were conducted with a ring-on-disc tribometer to simulate the face seal. It is found that, in comparison with smooth steel surfaces, the laser texturing samples significantly reduce the friction coefficient. Moreover, the lower wear rate of the sample treated with the two surface techniques is observed.     

表面纳米化中碳钢磨合磨损性能研究

为研究表面纳米化中碳钢在润滑条件下的磨合性能,用环-盘摩擦磨损试验机进行磨合磨损试验.分析在不同载荷下摩擦系数和摩擦振动信号多重分形谱参数的变化,通过磨损表面形貌探讨表面纳米化影响中碳钢磨损行为的原因.结果表明:在低、中负荷作用下,表面纳米化处理的中碳钢摩擦系数和振动信号多重分形谱参数较未处理的有所降低,其较高的表面活性可更好地吸附润滑油以形成油膜.因此,在低、中负荷条件下,表面纳米化可提高中碳钢磨合磨损性能.     

中碳结构钢表面P-C法改性层的耐热性

为了提高中碳结构钢的耐热性,应用Ｐ－Ｃ法进行复合表面涂覆,获得了Ｃｒ－Ｓｉ－Ａｌ复合表面改性层,研究了涂覆温度及时间对涂层表面成分的影响,确定了最佳的涂覆工艺参数,用电子探针及能谱测定了涂层的表面成分,用Ｘ射线测定了涂层中的相结构,将涂覆后的试样在空气介质中进行高温氧化试验,结果表明,由Ｐ－Ｃ法涂覆形成的表面改性层在这是质中具有优良的抗高温氧化性能。     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique.Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation ero-sion equipment.The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm.The layer had a dense micro-structure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser al-loying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel.The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its met-allurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

Thermodynamic analysis of carbon migration in W1-1.0C steel in plasma surface chromizing

W 1-1.0C steel was chromized at 1173 K with double glow plasma surface alloying process, and the distribution of Fe, Cr, and C contents in the chromized layer was measured using glow discharge spectrum analysis （GDA）. The behavior and mechanism of carbon migration during the formation of chromized layer were studied through thermodynamic analysis and calculation. The gradient of carbon chemical potential was regarded as the driving force of carbon migration. An equation was derived to describe the carbon content varying with the chromium content within the carbon-rich region. The calculated results from the equation approximated closely to the experimental ones.     

Bacteria adherence properties of nitrogen-doped TiO2 coatings by plasma surface alloying technique

In order to obtain a high-performance surface on 316L stainless steel (S. S) that can meet the requirements in medical material field environment, nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2-xNx) was synthesized by oxidative annealing the resulted TiNx coatings in air. Titanium nitride coatings on 316L S. S were obtained by plasma surface alloying technique. The as-prepared coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical emission spectrometer (GDOES), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The bacteria adherence property of the TiO2-xNx coatings on S. S on the oral bacteria Streptococcus Mutans was investigated and compared with that of S. S by fluorescence microscopy. The mechanism of the bacteria adherence was discussed. The results show that the TiO2-xNx coatings are composed of anatase crystalline structure. SEM measurement indicates a rough surface morphology with three-dimensional homogenous protuberances after annealing treatment. Because of the photocatalysis and positive adhesion free energy, the TiO2-xNx coatings inhibit the bacteria adherence.     

铁基材料激光表面合金化研究进展

综述了铁基材料表面激光合金化的研究进展，着重介绍了激光表面合金的主要工艺方法、合金化层的组成、成分分布、组织结构和性能，并指出了激光合金化存在的问题和发展方向。     

Surface Metallurgy of Nickle Base Superalloy

The Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique, the Xu-Tee Process, is a new method to produce high quality alloying layer on the surface of less expensive materials. By using thes technique, the surface alloying layer similar to superalloy Inconel 625 has been obtained on the surface of three kinds of melallic materials (low carbon steel, industrial pure iron, stainless steel Cr18Ni9). The results of the composition and microstructure analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Uffrachon (XRD) show that the alloying layer consistS of y matrix and several precipitates (Laves intermetallic phase and carbide etc.). The electrochemical corrosion results show that the surface alloying layer formed on the surface of stainless steel and industrial pure iron have better corrosion resistance than that of nickel base alloy inconel 625 and stainless steel Cr18Ni9 in 3.5%NaCl solution. The exper iments indicate that it is an effective way to obtain the gradient surface alloying layer on the surfaces of steels by using Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique.     

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By the electrochemical method in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaC1 solution, the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results show that the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of the single alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds of alloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaC1 solution have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloying of low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique to enhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.     

Oxidation behavior of niobized TiA1 by plasma surface alloying

Plasma surface alloying of element Nb in TiM-based alloys and the oxidation behavior were studied. The composition and microstructure of the surface alloyed layers were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results indicate that the diffusion layers are formed on the TiAl substrate during the plasma niobizing process. The result from oxidation resistance investigation shows that plasma niobizing greatly improves the oxidation resistance of TiAl compared with the untreated TiAI. The role of element Nb for improving the oxida-tion resistance is considered to be achieved by strengthening the activity of Al, which is induced by the plasma niobizing process.     

Oxidation behavior of niobized TiAl by plasma surface alloying

Plasma surface alloying of element Nb in TiAl-based alloys and the oxidation behavior were studied. The composition and microstructure of the surface alloyed layers were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX）,and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The experimental results indicate that the diffusion layers are formed on the TiAl substrate during the plasma niobizing process. The result from oxidation resistance investigation shows that plasma niobizing greatly improves the oxidation resistance of TiAl compared with the untreated TiAl. The role of element Nb for improving the oxidation resistance is considered to be achieved by strengthening the activity of Al,which is induced by the plasma niobizing process.     

Improving corrosion resistance of Q235 steel by Ni-Cr alloyed layer

Ni-Cr alloyed layer was formed on surface of Q235 steel by double glow plasma surface metallurgy to improve the corrosion resistance of substrate. The composition and microstructure of alloyed layer was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer. The results showed working pressure had a great effect on structure of Ni-Cr alloyed layer, and the dense and smooth alloyed layer was prepared at 50 Pa working pressure. Compared with substrate, Ni-Cr alloyed layer exhibited higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density and larger charge transfer resistance, which indicated that Ni-Cr alloyed layer significantly modified the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel.     

奥氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗锆合金层的抗酸腐蚀性研究

为提高0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在特殊应用环境的耐酸腐蚀性能,采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在不锈钢基体表面渗锆,对渗锆合金层的相结构进行检测分析,将奥氏体不锈钢基体试样和表面渗锆试样分别在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液、0.5mol/L HNO3溶液、0.5 mol/L HCl溶液进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在H2SO4溶液、HNO3溶液、HCl溶液中,不锈钢基材的相对腐蚀速度分别是渗锆合金层的2.18倍、9.73倍、24.43倍;不锈钢基体表面腐蚀较为严重,而渗锆合金层表面仅出现轻微的局部腐蚀坑。奥氏体不锈钢表面渗锆后,渗锆合金层中合金元素呈梯度分布,且腐蚀时在表面形成了一层致密的氧化锆钝化膜,因而其抗酸腐蚀性能相对基体大幅提升,在HCl溶液比在H2SO4溶液和HNO3溶液中耐蚀效果更明显。     

钢在离子渗金属过程中碳迁移的数值模拟

为了探讨离子渗金属过程中碳迁移的定量规律,通过对离子渗金属过程中扩散过程的分析,给出了合金渗层和脱碳层深度以及合金元素和碳元素分布的有限差分解法,并根据一组实验参数进行了数值计算和实验验证.结果表明,渗层深度和合金元素分布以及脱碳层深度和碳元素分布的计算值与实验结果吻合较好,渗层深度的误差在5%以内,总脱碳层深度的误差在10%以内.     

不锈钢表面处理方法的进展

概括介绍了不锈钢表面处理的现状及目前国内外的发展动态,分析了现有不锈钢表面处理技术的优点和缺点,指出着色不锈钢有广阔的发展前景,提出了激光表面处理技术,离子注入技术将成为现代不锈钢表面处理的发展方向。     

Effects of C,N-codoped on the corrosion resistance of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films prepared by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process

C,N-codoped TiO 2 films have been deposited onto stainless steel substrates using plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process.Composition analysis shows that the films shield the substrates entirely.The TiO 2 films are anatase in structure as characterized by X-ray diffraction.The electrochemical measurements show that the equilibrium corrosion potential positively shifts from-0.275 eV for bare stainless steel to-0.267 eV for C,N-codoped TiO 2 coated stainless steel,and the corrosion current density decreases from 1.3×10-5 A/cm2 to 4.1×10-6 A/cm2.The corrosion resistance obtained by electrochemistry noise also reveals that the C,N-codoped TiO 2 films provide good protection for stainless steel against corrosion in stimulated body fluid.The above results indicate that C,N-codoped TiO 2 films deposited by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process are effective in protecting stainless steel from corrosion.     

316L不锈钢等离子渗钛-热氧化制备TiO2膜及性能

为了提高316L不锈钢的表面性能,以满足其在医用环境下服役的要求,利用等离子表面合金化和真空热氧化复合处理技术,在316L不锈钢表面制备TiO₂薄膜。借助金相显微、辉光放电发射谱（GDOED）、x-射线光电子谱（XPS）和x-射线衍射（XRD）分析薄膜的组织结构,以蒸馏水为对象进行光诱导超亲水性试验,用球-盘磨损试验对比测试薄膜与基体的摩擦学性能。结果表明：薄膜均匀致密,Ti、O元素沿层深呈梯度分布,具有锐钛矿型TiO₂结构; 薄膜具有较高的亲水性,可见光照射下,30 min内接触角降为8.5°; 在7.6 N负荷下,薄膜与Al₂O₃陶瓷球对磨时的摩擦系数为0.30~0.40,磨损率仅为1.14×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1,复合处理后薄膜耐磨减摩性能指标明显优于不锈钢基材.     

碳纤维增强摩擦材料的摩擦表面层

利用D-MS摩擦磨损试验机研究了碳纤维增强摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对其表面结构和微区成分进行了观察和测定,对热重分析试验的结果和摩擦磨损性能试验的结果进行了分析。结果表明:碳纤维摩擦材料在100～300℃内随温度升高摩擦磨损性能无明显降低,摩擦因数有所提高。碳纤维摩擦材料摩擦表面可分为富铁层、热力疏松层、变形强化层三层。摩擦表面工作层对材料表面获得稳定的摩擦磨损性能起重要作用。碳纤维的高导热性对材料的摩擦表面层结构有重要影响,它有利于减少热影响表面层深度,在本试验条件下,摩擦热影响表面层的深度约为0.55mm。     

工艺参数对45钢激光表面强化组织与性能的影响

通过改变激光功率和扫描速度等参数,研究其对45钢激光表面强化组织与性能的影响。实验结果表明,单道扫描时,当保持扫描速度v为15mm/s时,增加激光功率P,可增加硬化层的深度,最大深度可达1.5mm以上。另外,P/v比值越大,硬化层深度越大;而当P/v比值保持不变时,硬化层深度随着激光功率的增加而增加,其中激光功率从1.2kW到1.8kW时,硬化层深度值增加较快;当激光功率大于1.8kW后,深度值的增长随功率增加变缓;而且硬化层的硬度都达到700HV以上,远高于基体的硬度。在激光多道搭接扫描时,激光能量的再次输入会导致靠近搭接区的前一道硬化层产生回火软化,其硬度接近基体的硬度。     

含硼合金化高锰钢鄂板的应用研究

研究了合金化高锰钢鄂板材料的组织、力学性能,分析了其耐磨性,结果表明含硼合金化高锰钢鄂板.寿命较原来的普通高锰钢提高了2.3倍;合金元素B,Cr,RE改善了高锰钢的组织和性能,是颚式破碎机鄂板寿命提高的主要原因;合金化高锰钢的韧脆转变温度为-20℃.