新型混凝土用绿色复合胶凝材料的试验研究

掺入不同比例的粉煤灰、矿粉、天然矿物和活化剂配置C30混凝土(水胶比为0.49),测定了混凝土的坍落度以及7d、28d、60d的抗压强度.通过分析各C30混凝土的性能,确定了复合胶凝材料中粉煤灰的掺量为30%～50%,矿渣的掺量为30%～60%,天然矿物的掺量为5%～10%,活化剂的掺量为5%～10%.     

复合水泥基-水玻璃双液注浆材料胶凝性能及抗压强度试验研究

传统的水泥水玻璃双液注浆材料的优点在于凝胶时间短、早期的抗压强度大,所以在加固软弱地层或堵漏中被广泛的使用。本文在传统材料的基础上,加入了粉煤灰、矿粉等工业废渣,提出一种复合水泥基-水玻璃双液注浆材料,并对新型材料的胶凝性能和28 d抗压强度进行研究,并通过改变水玻璃体积掺量、波美度和矿物掺合料比例来研究浆液凝胶时间及28 d抗压强度的变化规律;当水玻璃体积掺量为25％时,浆液硬化结石体强度最大,使用更大波美度的水玻璃或者配制合适比例的水泥、粉煤灰和矿粉的复合水泥基A液都可以提升双液注浆材料的抗压强度。     

粉煤灰-矿粉掺量对混凝土毛细吸收影响研究

通过毛细吸盐试验,测定在毛细吸收作用下,粉煤灰掺量、矿粉掺量、粉煤灰和矿粉复合掺量对混凝土试件抵抗氯离子侵入性能的影响。试验结果表明,当粉煤灰掺量为胶凝材料总重的30％,矿粉掺量为胶凝材料总重的50％,以及用15％的粉煤灰与矿粉复掺,混凝土抗氯离子毛细传输能力最优。     

等28d抗压强度条件下粉煤灰和矿渣对C50混凝土后期性能的影响

在28 d抗压强度相近的前提下,制备了纯水泥混凝土、大掺量粉煤灰混凝土、大掺量矿渣混凝土,测定了不同混凝土的后期抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性,以及胶凝材料的化学结合水、硬化浆体中的Ca(OH)2含量.结果表明:含大掺量矿物掺合料的混凝土的后期强度和抗氯离子渗透性均明显高于纯水泥混凝土;大掺量矿渣混凝土的后期强度高于同掺量的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土;复合胶凝材料的后期水化程度增长率明显高于纯水泥;复合胶凝材料硬化浆体中后期Ca(OH)2含量明显低于纯水泥硬化浆体.     

温度匹配养护对大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土抗压强度及早期水化性能的影响

大体积混凝土由于胶凝材料水化放热,其内部温升对混凝土强度发展规律有很大影响.采用温度匹配养护和标准养护两种不同的养护方式,研究了单掺40％粉煤灰、单掺50％矿粉以及复掺30％粉煤灰和20％矿粉三种大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土与纯水泥、单掺20％粉煤灰两种普通混凝土在不同温度养护条件下的抗压强度差异,并对胶凝材料水化早期的浆体进行了扫描电镜和化学结合水测试.结果 表明:与纯水泥混凝土相比,温度匹配养护对大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土早期强度发展的促进作用要显著得多,且大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土温度匹配养护方式下的各龄期强度均比标准养护方式下的要高,然而纯水泥混凝土温度匹配养护条件下的后期强度却要低于标准养护条件下的后期强度.温度匹配养护方式下较高的早期水化温度显著加速了大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土的水化反应进程,从而使大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土的早期强度提高.     

不同矿物掺合料配制C30混凝土的性能比较

利用不同的矿物掺舍料等量取代部分水泥来配制C30级混凝土，并对配制的混凝土的工作性能和力学性能进行分析，同时对矿物掺合料混凝土与基准混凝土SEM对比分析发现，利用新型矿物掺合料(利用粉煤灰，矿渣与天然矿粉及活化剂相掺配制而成)在配制混凝土时，新型矿物掺合料配制的混凝土与掺两种矿物及三种矿物的掺合料配制的混凝土性能比较，性能相当，并优于基准混凝土。说明我们利用文中所述四种矿物来配制C30级混凝土具有工业可行性，并可以节约生产成本。     

活性掺合料对混凝土抗碳化性能影响的研究

研究了强度等级(C30和C45)、龄期(28 d和120 d)、矿物掺和料(矿粉和粉煤灰)质量掺量对掺有脂肪族高效减水剂(SAF)的混凝土抗碳化性能的影响,并建立了C30/C45混凝土在28 d/120 d龄期的碳化深度与矿粉/粉煤灰掺量比例之间的回归模型。结果表明:水胶比的降低、养护龄期的延长都能提高水泥石的密实度,从而提高抗压强度和抗碳化性能;混凝土抗碳化性能随矿粉掺量的上升、粉煤灰掺量的下降而提高;当矿粉掺量占胶凝材料质量的37.5%时,C30混凝土的抗碳化性能最佳;当矿粉掺量占胶凝材料质量的31.9%时,C45混凝土的抗碳化性能最佳;当龄期增加时,粉煤灰掺量比例越大则碳化深度的下降幅度越大;矿粉和粉煤灰掺量的相对比例变化时,对低强度混凝土的影响程度要大于高强度混凝土。     

矿物掺合料的复合效应及对混凝土性能的影响

选用硅灰、粉煤灰、矿渣粉及偏高岭土等活性矿物掺合料,控制活性掺合料的总掺量为胶凝材料的40%等量取代水泥,采取单掺、双掺、三掺的方式配制混凝土,通过对比各组混凝土试样的力学性能、抗腐蚀性能及微观结构,探讨活性矿物掺合料的复合效应以及对混凝土性能的影响.     

掺粉煤灰和矿粉对混凝土开裂性能的影响

选用粉煤灰、矿粉作为掺合料以单掺和复掺的形式掺入到硅酸盐水泥混凝土中,检测其坍落度和3d、28d抗压强度以及早期抗开裂性能。研究结果表明:矿粉、粉煤灰均会降低混凝土3d强度,矿粉可以提高混凝土28d强度,粉煤灰掺量过大会降低混凝土28d强度。随着矿粉掺量的增加,混凝土坍落度随之降低,粉煤灰刚加入时会使混凝土坍落度降低,但是随着掺量的升高,坍落度会逐渐增大;开裂方面:单掺时,粉煤灰与矿粉都在掺量为37%时,抗开裂效果最佳,其中粉煤灰效果最好,复掺时,随着矿粉相对掺量的变大,裂缝的面积和数目都在增大。     

矿物掺合料对桥面板蒸养混凝土强度和抗渗性的影响

为获得性能优异的C55预制桥面板蒸养混凝土的配合比,研究了单掺粉煤灰10％～30％、单掺矿粉10％～30％及复掺粉煤灰与矿粉20％～35％对蒸养混凝土抗压强度和抗氯离子渗透性的影响,并采用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了复掺粉煤灰与矿粉对胶凝材料浆体微结构的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰降低了蒸养混凝土的脱模强度,矿粉提高了蒸养...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。