外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附和分散性能的影响

通过分析外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、Zeta电位、流动度的影响及其相互关系,研究了萘系高效减水剂和聚羧酸系高效减水剂对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体吸附及分散性能的影响.结果表明:随减水剂添加时间的延迟,水泥颗粒对萘系减水剂和聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量均急剧降低至趋于平缓;减水剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、电位与流动度之间关系的影响不同,随着添加时间的延长,减水剂吸附量降低、电位绝对值减小;萘系高效减水剂最佳掺加时间为加水后10 min左右,此时水泥颗粒对减水剂分子的吸附量偏低,对应的水泥浆体达到最佳的流动度;聚羧酸系高效减水剂与水同掺时吸附量最大,对应水泥浆体的流动度也最大.     

花岗岩石粉对水泥浆体力学性能的影响

以花岗岩石粉(GP)为矿物掺合料,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、综合热分析仪研究了GP对水泥浆体力学性能、物相组成、微观形貌的影响。结果表明：在标准养护条件下,掺加15%(质量分数,下同)GP的水泥浆体28 d抗压强度最高,为37.0 MPa;与未掺加GP的水泥浆体相比,掺加10%GP的水泥浆体56 d线收缩下降了18.3%,掺加20%GP的水泥浆体初凝时间和终凝时间分别缩短了20.7%、18.2%。在水养条件下,掺加20%GP的水泥浆体28 d抗折强度较标准养护条件下提高了48%。GP通过火山灰效应参与水泥浆体水化过程,形成更多的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H),掺加GP可以促进水泥浆体形成Ⅰ型C-S-H,有利于提高水泥浆体力学性能,缩短凝结时间。     

减水剂对水泥浆体横向弛豫时间曲线的影响

研究了初凝前的水泥浆体在质子共振频率23 MHz下的横向弛豫时间(72)分布,主要对纯水泥浆体和掺减水剂的水泥浆体在水化5,30,60,90,120min时的弛豫时间进行了测试和分析.结果表明:测试到的水泥浆体的弛豫时间分布曲线出现了3个T2弛豫峰;第1弛豫峰处于0.01 ms至0.20ms之间,与水泥浆体中的物理结合...     

缓凝剂对掺有萘系高效减水剂硫铝酸盐水泥流动性和强度的影响

为提高萘系高效减水剂(BNS)塑化硫铝酸盐水泥浆体的流动性,并减小该浆体流动性的经时损失、延长其凝结时间,本文采用缓凝剂柠檬酸(CA)和葡萄糖酸钠(SG)分别掺入到该浆体或胶砂试件中,测试水泥浆体流动性和凝结时间,及胶砂试件1d、7d、28 d的抗压强度,并采用Zate电位仪和X-射线衍射仪分别测试分析了浆体的Zate电位和7d时的水化产物.研究表明:随着CA和SG掺量均从0.03％增加到0.15％,水泥浆体30 min时的流动度从80 mm分别增加到230 mm和260 mm,初凝时间分别延长2～ 17 min和5～33 min,终凝时间分别延长6～ 19 min和22～50 min;CA和SG均使胶砂试件的1d、7d及28 d抗压强度有不同程度的降低,且当SG掺量为0.15％时最为明显,1d、7d及28 d抗压强度分别降低了34％、22％及13％.     

三乙醇胺对水泥流变性能和水化的影响

采用标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、流变性能、力学强度、XRD、SEM等手段,研究不同掺量的三乙醇胺对水泥流变性能和水化的影响.掺0.15％ TEA后,水泥10 min和30 min的塑性粘度、屈服应力均降低,增加了水泥浆体的流动性,延长了水泥的凝结时间.掺0.20％ TEA对水泥具有促凝作用,促进了水泥的水化,10 min和30 min的塑性粘度、屈服应力均增大,降低了水泥浆体的流动性.随TEA掺量增加,减少了水泥标准稠度用水量,促进了水化产物AFt的生成,提高了水泥净浆强度.     

碳化过程中大水灰比水泥浆体孔结构的变化(英文)

使用特殊的增黏剂与聚羧酸减水剂,制备了掺加石灰石粉、高炉矿渣、硅灰等混合材的普通波特兰水泥浆体和和低热硅酸盐水泥浆体(水粉比为1.0)。这些水泥浆体在20℃的水中养护4年后基本完全水化。这些硬化水泥浆体在5%(质量分数)CO2、相对湿度66%和温度20℃条件下进行碳化,对比研究碳化前后水泥浆体孔结构的变化。结果显示:碳化浆体内孔直径大于10nm的孔体积明显减少;碳化浆体的孔径分布向大孔径范围偏移;掺加混合材的硬化水泥浆体结构明显趋于松散;与不掺加任何混合材的水泥浆体相比,掺加混合材的水泥浆体的孔径更大。     

硫酸盐对萘系减水剂与水泥相容性的影响

通过改变水泥浆体中的硫酸盐含量,以及调整萘系减水剂的掺量,观察水泥浆体的流动性和流动性经时损失的变化,由此确定萘系减水剂的饱和点。同时测定水泥浆体的水化放热,确定水泥浆体中硫酸盐含量对水泥和萘系减水剂相容性的影响。结果表明:减水剂掺量和水泥中硫酸盐的含量共同影响水泥浆体的流动度。掺加适量的硫酸盐可降低水泥的水化热,延缓水泥的水化反应,提高萘系减水剂与水泥的相容性,减少流动性经时损失。当水泥浆体中有适量萘系减水剂存在时,硫酸盐的作用更明显。     

气化渣对硅酸盐水泥强度和微观结构的影响研究

气化渣是近年来兴起的煤化工工业产生的主要固体废弃物.研究了不同掺量的气化渣粉对普通硅酸盐水泥的凝结时间和抗压强度的影响规律,并采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM微观测试手段分析了气化渣在水泥浆体中的作用机理.结果 表明,未反应气化渣在水泥浆体中主要以团聚状态存在,低掺量气化渣(10％)在水泥浆体中能起到成核作用,有利于水泥发生水化反应,提高水泥浆体中水化产物数量,缩短凝结时间,提高水泥浆体抗压强度.气化渣掺量大于30％时,水泥浆体水化产物数量减少,水泥浆体结构松散,凝结时间随气化渣掺量增大显著延长,抗压强度明显降低.     

电阻率法研究减水剂与水泥的作用

测定了掺β-萘磺酸甲醛聚合物减水剂(β-naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate superplasticizer,FDN)和木质素磺酸钙减水剂(lignosulphonate superplasticizer,Ls)水泥浆体的电阻率和流动度,以其第5min的电阻率为初始电阻率,并测定了其凝结时间.研究发现:FDN和LS对浆体电阻率影响不同,可用减水剂的吸附、溶解机理来解释浆体初始电阻率随FDN和LS掺量的变化.掺FDN水泥浆体的初始电阻率-掺量曲线可分为4个区:选择吸附区、有效吸附区、溶解电离区、电离饱和区,各区很好地反映了FDN的吸附与溶解特性.研究还发现掺LS浆体的最大初始电阻率与最大流动度对应的LS掺量相同,因此,电阻率法有望用于测定LS的最佳掺量.     

钙硅比对水化硅酸钙结构、Zeta电势及减水剂吸附性能的影响分析

为探究水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)晶核剂对掺减水剂混凝土的影响,研究了不同钙硅比的水化硅酸钙对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附性能.通过120℃水热反应法制备水化硅酸钙,并采用XRD、SEM和29Si NMR对所制备的Ca/Si为1.0、1.3和1.6的水化硅酸钙样品进行表征;同时通过Zeta电势、总有机碳分析(TOC)和流动性分析探究了由钙硅比的变化对水化硅酸钙的Zeta电势和减水剂吸附性能以及对水泥浆体流动度的影响.试验结果表明,水化硅酸钙的链长和结晶度的优劣主要受到钙硅比的影响,钙硅比增大,链长变短,结晶度变差;水化硅酸钙的Zeta电势随着钙硅比增加而增大;C-S-H在超纯水中的电导率随钙硅比增加而变大;在不同氢氧化钙浓度的溶液中,Ca/Si为1.6的样品较1.0样品能吸附更多的减水剂;并且拥有较好的浆体流动性能.因此,高钙硅比的水化硅酸钙对聚羧酸减水剂拥有较强的吸附能力,并且对含聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体流动性能影响相对较小.     

Influence of time addition of superplasticizers on the rheological properties of fresh cement pastes

It is well known that the fluidity and the fluidity loss of fresh cement pastes are affected by the kind and the time of addition of organic admixtures. The influence of the time addition of two chemical admixtures, namely, melamine formaldehyde sulfonate (MFS) and naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate (NFS), on the rheological properties of ordinary Portland and sulfate-resisting cement pastes through the first 120 min of hydration was investigated. The admixture addition was delayed by 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Shear stress and apparent viscosity of the cement pastes were determined at different shear rates (3-146 s⁻¹) and hydration times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The concentration of Ca²⁺ and the combined water content of the cement pastes were determined after 120 min. Yield stress and plastic viscosity values were also determined by using the Bingham model. The results show that an increase in the addition time of the admixture reduces the shear stress, the yield stress, and the plastic viscosity of the cement pastes at the early ages (15 min) as well as at later early ages (120 min). The optimum delaying time of admixture addition is found to be 10-15 min. This time does not depend on the cement and superplasticizer type.     

Effect of delaying addition of some concrete admixtures on the rheological properties of cement pastes

The effect of delayed addition of two concrete admixtures, namely melamine formaldehyde sulfonate (MFS) and naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate (NFS), on the rheological and adsorption properties of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sulfate-resisting cement (SRC) and silica fume-ordinary Portland cement (SF-OPC) pastes was investigated. The admixture addition was delayed by 1, 3, 6, 10 and 13 min after the addition of mixing water. The shear stress, as well as the apparent viscosity of these cement pastes, was determined at different shear rates. Total organic carbon (TOC), Ca²⁺ concentration and conductivity of the filtrate and the combined water content of the precipitated cement pastes were determined. The results show that delaying the admixtures addition increases the cement pastes workability than that of simultaneous addition.     

硅微粉对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

运用水化热测定仪、流变仪、以及Dinger-Funk紧密堆积等方法,研究了硅微粉掺入水泥中对复合浆体的流变性能的影响,比较了不同硅微粉掺量对复合浆体的早期水化放热、紧密堆积程度、屈服应力和塑性粘度的作用.结果显示:硅微粉取代水泥后,降低浆体水化热放热量,提高了体系紧密堆积程度;Bingham流体仍适用于硅微粉-水泥复合浆体,取代5%、10%、15%水泥的复合浆体,屈服应力和塑性粘度在0、60 min时都小于纯水泥浆体,并且取代10%水泥的复合浆体,其屈服应力和塑性粘度在0、60 min时都最小,流变性能最好.     

Effect of some water‐soluble melamine formaldehyde‐free polycondensates on the rheological properties of cement pastes

Water‐soluble melamine formaldehyde‐free polycondensate products were prepared. The chemical structure of these polymers was confirmed with different spectroscopic techniques. The effects of these polymers on the rheological properties of the cement pastes were investigated. The rheological parameters (shear stress, yield stress, and plastic viscosity) were calculated with the Bingham model. The minislump of superplasticized cement pastes at different interval times (5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) was determined. The results showed that the new superplasticizers increased the fluidity and minislump of the cement pastes and reduced the minislump loss of the cement pastes not only at early ages (30 min) but also at later early ages (120 min). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2212–2218, 2005     

-3 ℃养护下考虑矿物掺合料影响的水泥水化程度计算模型

针对多年冻土地区工程施工时混凝土养护的问题,采用10%、20%、30%的矿粉和粉煤灰替代量等量替代水泥,测试了-3 ℃恒温养护条件下0.38水胶比水泥浆体在各个龄期的水泥水化热,计算了水泥水化程度;分析了龄期及矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响规律,建立了综合考虑龄期和矿物掺合料替代量的水泥水化程度计算模型.结果表明:-3 ℃恒温养护下,矿物掺合料等量替代水泥,水泥浆体的水化程度会降低,粉煤灰降低水化程度的值要比矿粉高;在相同矿物掺合料替代量下,随着龄期的增长,矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响逐渐减弱;同一龄期时,随着矿物掺合料的增加,矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响逐渐增强;利用建立的模型计算了分别掺入15%矿粉和粉煤灰的水泥水化程度,与实测值相比,计算值偏离值较少,预测精度较高.     

Effect of some superplasticizers on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of blended cement pastes

Blended cement pastes made of Portland cement and fine sand (known in Egypt as El-Karnak cement) were made using a water–cement ratio of 0.25 by weight. Three pastes containing admixture (water-soluble condensates) were also prepared using a water–cement ratio of 0.25 and condensate (superplasticizer) content of 0.25% by the weight of cement; the superplasticizers used are Na-phenol sulfonate formaldehyde, Na-polystyrene sulfonate, and Na-ß-naphthol sulfonate formaldehyde condensates. All pastes were cured for various time intervals within the range of 0.02–90 days. Compressive strength tests, hydration kinetics, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, and surface properties were studied and related as much as possible to the pore structure of the hardened pastes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Rheological properties of cement pastes admixed with some alkanolamines

The influence of addition of some alkanolamines, namely, monoethanolamine (MEA), triethanolamine (TEA) and polytriethanolamine (PTEA) on the rheological properties of the fresh pastes made of sulfate resisting cement (SRC) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was investigated. Different cement pastes made with and without these alkanolamines were prepared at a water/cement (w/c) ratio of 0.40. The shear rate-shear stress relationship was established by a co-axial cylindrical Rheotest. It was found that the rheological properties of the various cement pastes were affected by (i) the type and amount of alkanolamine, (ii) the type of cement and (iii) the applied shear rate. The alkanolamines were found to possess a significant retarding effect on the hydration of SRC in the order: TEA>PTEA>MEA.     

Fire resistance of fired clay bricks-fly ash composite cement pastes

This work aims to study the effect of substitution of fly ash for homra on the hydration properties of composite cement pastes. The composite cements are composed of constant proportion of OPC (80%) with variable amounts of fly ash and homra. The addition of fly ash accelerates the initial and final sitting time, whereas the free lime and combined water contents decrease with fly ash content. The fly ash acts as nucleation sites which may accelerate the rate of formation of hydration products which fill some of the pores of the cement pastes. The fire resistance of composite cement pastes was evaluated after firing at 250, 450, 600, 800 °C with rate of firing 5 °C/min with soaking time for 2 h. The physico-mechanical properties such as bulk density and compressive strength were determined at each firing temperature. Moreover, the phase composition, free lime and microstructure for some selected samples were investigated. It can be concluded that the pozzolanic cement with 20 wt% fly ash can be used as fire resisting cement.     

Effect of Different Types of Concrete Polymer Admixtures on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Pastes

Four concrete admixtures were used to modify the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the hardened portland cement pastes. These admixtures include a plasticizer, a superplasticizer, a retarder, and a plasticizer retarder. The effect of the addition of each admixture on the physicomechanical properties of the hardened cement pastes was studied. The results of differential thermal analysis, hydration kinetics, bulk density, and mineralogical constitutions were discussed and related as much as possible to the developed compressive strength of the hardened pastes.     

Rheological properties of cement mixes: V. The effects of time on viscometric properties of mixes containing superplasticizers; Conclusions

The effects of sulfonated naphthalene- and melamine-formaline condensates upon the rheologic properties of cement pastes and slurries have been investigated. Coaxial cylindrical viscometer measurements were made, recording shear stress-shear rate relationships and defining yield stress and plastic viscosity. The changes of these functions with time were investigated, and were related to admixture type and concentration, cement type, and volume concentration of cement. The mechanisms of action of the superplasticizers are discussed.