基于前景理论的空战目标威胁评估

空战目标威胁评估是目标分配与火力分配的基础。针对目标威胁评估研究存在确定指标权重时未考虑指标间的相关性,采用单一灰色关联分析（GRA）方法和逼近理想点（TOPSIS）方法不能准确反映目标威胁大小,以及未考虑飞行员决策时面临损失和收益时的不同态度等问题,在综合GRA和TOPSIS的基础上,提出一种基于前景GRA-TOPSIS的空战目标威胁评估模型。提出灰色关联深度的概念,结合极大熵确定指标权重;利用指标之间的灰色关联度变权方法对指标权重进行修正,避免指标之间的相关性影响;利用GRA方法分析目标指标序列的曲线形状相似性,结合TOPSIS方法分析位置的相似性,基于前景理论,将飞行员面临收益以损失的态度融合到目标威胁评估中,得到能够体现飞行员特质的目标威胁评估结果。通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性以及合理性。     

考虑不确定性的机枪作战效能综合评估方法

针对现有机枪设计方案评估体系不完备以及评估指标存在不确定性的问题,提出一种考虑不确定性的机枪作战效能综合评估方法。从机枪战术技术要求出发,建立基于区间数的机枪作战效能综合评估指标体系,根据评估指标的不确定性表达形式,结合熵权法和层次分析法确定指标组合权重;采用基于区间数的灰色关联分析与逼近理想解排序算法对不同机枪设计方案进行综合评估,提出一种基于欧氏距离的灰色关联度来表征各评估方案与理想方案的相对接近程度,以解决存在不确定性情况下各方案区分度不高的问题。机枪作战效能评估实例表明,该方法的评估结果与专家评估结果一致,且该方法充分考虑了评估方案间的关联程度和差距,得到的评估结果可信度更高,验证了综合评估指标体系的合理性和评估方法的有效性。     

基于改进CRITIC-LRA和灰色逼近理想解排序法的空战威胁评估

针对当前空战威胁评估过程中采用主观赋权法确定指标权重时具有主观性、忽视指标间内在关联关系的问题,提出一种基于改进CRITIC-线性回归分析(LRA)确定指标权重的计算方法。根据CRITIC法的缺陷,引入基尼系数和肯德尔系数实现对CRITIC法的改进并确定指标初始权重;利用1阶LRA计算评估指标关联关系,通过削减指标权重降低指标关联性,实现对指标权重的修正,降低指标关联对评估造成的影响;为了克服逼近理想解排序法中采用欧式距离作为距离测度的缺点,采用指标间加权灰色关联度代替欧氏距离,计算相对贴近度,实现目标威胁排序。威胁评估算例表明,所提方法能够充分体现目标威胁区分度和对目标进行威胁排序,评估结果科学有效。     

目标威胁评估的动态突变排序法

针对目标威胁评估过程难以与目标动态态势相结合以及已有评估方法大多需要确定各指标权重而过多依赖专家经验的问题,将时间序列赋权与突变理论相结合,提出了目标威胁评估的动态突变排序法。该方法采用泊松分布逆形式对时间序列进行赋权,综合考虑了当前时刻和之前时刻的目标关联信息;在突变理论基础上抽象出了突变排序的思想,将目标威胁评估指标体系中下层指标对上层指标的作用归因为控制变量对状态变量的作用,并采用归一化公式对作用程度进行求解,依此方式由底层往上逐层推进最终得到目标威胁评估值。实例仿真结果表明,动态突变排序法不需确定各指标权重,计算过程简洁高效,可操作性强,且综合考虑了目标的动态威胁态势,评估结果更加合理,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于灰色关联理论的自行火炮系统性能评估

结合自行火炮系统性能评估的特点,建立性能评估指标体系.应用层次分析法确定指标权重系数,建立基于灰色关联理论的评估模型,包括:确定方案集合以构造评估矩阵、数据的无量纲标准化处理、计算关联系数及关联度、综合评判分析.实例评估表明该法可行,能实现对自行火炮系统性能的评估分析,具有较高使用价值.     

基于灰色关联分析改进的ANP效能评估方法

网络分析法（ANP）考虑了指标之间的相互关联和反馈关系,在复杂系统效能评估中得到广泛应用。在分析ANP法确定效能评估指标权重流程的基础上,指出该方法在构建无权重超矩阵过程中的难点和不足,提出一种基于灰色关联分析法的无权重超矩阵构造方法。改进后的方法克服了一般ANP法构建无权重超矩阵时存在的主观性和不可靠性问题,提高了指标权重的客观性和合理性。     

基于灰色物元分析法的装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性评估

针对影响装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性指标信息的不确定,将灰色系统理论与物元分析法相结合,建立灰色物元分析综合评估模型,运用该模型对装甲机械化部队指挥稳定性进行评估。其中,在模型构建中引入基于信息熵的赋权法以确定权重,能避免权重系数确定的主观性问题,评估结果与客观实际相吻合。     

基于层次分析法的灰色关联分析在修理营管理性评估中的应用

基于层次分析法的灰色关联分析对修理营管理性的评估,通过确定评估对象、构造评估因素集等步骤建立修理营管理性评估的目标体系结构.即首先采用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,然后利用灰色关联分析计算出关联度,得出各营的评估结果.并通过实例,证明了该方法具有正确性和实用性.     

基于 GAHP 的信息感知能力需求满足度评估方法

针对传统能力评估中指标以及权重的确定不一致和不确定性特点,提出了一种以信息感知能力关键技术需求满足度为依据的评估方法———基于灰色理论的层次分析方法（GAHP）。阐述了灰色层次分析法原理,建立了信息感知能力指标体系和需求满足度评估模型,以实例研究说明该方法的可行性。     

基于DVIKOR的空战多目标威胁评估

针对多属性与个体属性之间的平衡问题以及传统空战威胁评估难以与动态态势相结合的缺陷,提出基于动态多准则妥协解排序法(DVIKOR)的空战多目标威胁评估方法。建立基于Entropy法的空战态势多属性权重解算模型,避免属性权重确定的主观随意性问题;建立基于泊松分布的时序序列权重解算模型,处理多时刻空战态势信息。在此基础上,建立基于DVIKOR的空战多目标威胁评估模型,综合考虑最大化群体效应和最小化个体遗憾。仿真结果表明该方法能综合考虑空战多属性与个体属性的特点与优势,实现空战多目标威胁评估的多属性平衡与优化,并融合多时刻的空战态势信息,使其评估结果更加真实合理。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.