提高破甲弹破甲威力的引信帽褶台结构

针对破甲弹战斗部在大着角打击装甲目标过程中,射流斜侵彻装甲板破甲威力较低的问题,提出了提高破甲弹破甲威力的引信帽褶台结构。该引信帽褶台结构通过在原有引信帽锥形结构上增加褶台,使得装配该引信帽的破甲弹在大着角碰靶板时褶台先接触靶板,弹丸在其作用下产生一定旋转,使弹丸侵彻靶板着角适当减小,从而使射流需要穿透靶板行程减少,提高破甲威力。仿真验证表明,在弹丸碰击靶板过程中,褶台结构引信帽能够使弹丸在碰击靶板过程中弹丸侵彻靶板角度由68°减少为65.7°,射流穿透主装甲板的行程减少约52 mm,减少约8%。装配褶台结构引信帽的战斗部动破甲平均后效层数由原来的2.6层增加到3.7层,提高了破甲威力,验证了设计的有效性。     

高速破甲弹破甲稳定性数值模拟与实验研究

文中采用数值模拟方法,对高速破甲弹生成的金属射流在头螺内运动过程进行了分析。在试验研究及其结果分析的基础上,通过改进头螺内腔结构,改善了射流的品质,提高了破甲稳定性,解决了高速破甲弹破甲稳定性技术问题。     

基于赋权灰色关联分析的药型罩的结构优化

为研究圆锥形药型罩的锥角、锥径、壁厚3个参数对聚能射流效果的影响程度并优化药型罩结构,设计三因素四水平的正交试验,采用ABAQUS软件对聚能射流破甲进行仿真模拟,利用赋权灰色关联法分析射流破甲正交试验结果,得到药型罩的锥角、锥径、壁厚与射流破甲效果的关联度。结果表明：锥角对聚能射流破甲效果影响最大,锥径、壁厚的影响次之。最佳聚能射流破甲效果的药型罩参数组合为：圆锥角61.2°、圆锥半径18 mm、壁厚1.05 mm。最佳参数组合下,聚能金属射流最大速度为5855 m∙s^-1,侵彻靶板深度为59.43 mm,侵彻靶板开口直径为8.24 mm。研究结果可为聚能射流的侵彻应用提供相关理论指导。     

聚能射流对厚壁移动靶的侵彻理论与数值模拟分析

为有效拦截摧毁来袭大壁厚高速运动的导弹和钻地弹,提出了一种采用破甲战斗部的攻击模式。基于虚拟源点理论并采用微元法,将射流微元与厚壁移动靶板的相互作用过程分为两个阶段： 第一阶段,射流微元在侵彻过程中不受靶板侧向力干扰,分析了该过程侵彻深度和孔径的变化规律;第二阶段,射流在侵彻过程中受到靶板的侧向干扰,建立了射流受干扰时的横向漂移速度及受干扰射流的侵彻深度等理论模型。为验证理论模型的正确性,设计了一种40 mm口径聚能装药,通过有限元软件LS-DYNA分析了聚能射流垂直侵彻不同移动速度靶板（0~600 m/s）的侵彻深度及孔径变化规律,同时结合Marmor等^\[17\]的试验数据,与所建理论模型计算结果进行对比。结果表明：破甲战斗部是对付高速运动厚壁战斗部的有效手段,所建理论模型可精确地计算出射流微元在各个阶段的运动状态,从而获得总侵彻深度随靶板运动速度变化的规律;靶板运动速度越高,无干扰侵彻阶段经历时间越短,射流受干扰程度越明显,破甲深度与扩孔孔径也越小。     

聚能射流侵彻运动钢靶的数值仿真

针对聚能射流侵彻运动钢靶的过程进行数值模拟,对比分析炸药性能、炸高和钢靶运动速度对射流侵彻过程产生的影响,以及聚能射流侵彻运动钢靶的毁伤特性.仿真结果表明:运动钢靶速度越高,射流穿透后速度损失越大.为确保对高速运动目标的打击能力,需采用高能炸药作为聚能装药,并合理设计炸高.     

聚能装药在炮兵子母弹中的应用研究

通过对炮兵子母弹子弹破甲战斗部结构、作用过程和聚能破甲原理的描述,探讨了子弹破甲战斗部装药种类的选择和药型罩的确定,认为将聚能装药应用于炮兵子母弹中,具有结构简单、作用合理等特点,所设计的药型罩具有较高的金属射流速度,能满足子弹破甲威力的要求.     

串联战斗部最佳隔爆参数研究

为了提高聚能装药战斗部的侵彻威力,设计了一种顺序起爆式串联战斗部。利用冲击波 Hugoniot关系计算了前级装药爆轰产生的冲击波在复合结构隔爆装置中的衰减过程,确定了前、后级装药间距为2倍装药口径;建立了延迟起爆时间的计算模型,获得了最佳延迟时间,通过 X光成像及侵彻钢靶试验进行了验证。研究结果表明,最佳延迟时间为85μs,在此延迟时间下后级装药能够克服前级爆轰场的作用并形成有效射流,侵深能够达到正常射流的80%,破甲威力满足串联聚能装药战斗部增大穿深的需求。     

药型罩网格数量对数值模拟精度的影响

为研究药型罩壁厚网格数量对某大口径破甲战斗部数值模拟可信度的影响,应用非线性动力学有限元软 件AUTODYN,对口径为140 mm 的单锥罩射流形成及侵彻1 000 mm 厚钢靶的过程进行数值模拟,并开展静破甲试 验。通过将药型罩壁厚的网格数划分为5 种方案分别计算,考察网格数对单锥罩射流形成及侵彻的影响规律。结果 表明：网格数量较少时,射流提前断裂,侵彻深度较低,且与试验差距较大;当药型罩壁厚的网格划分数为n=6、7 时,与试验结果最吻合。     

一种组合药型罩聚能战斗部

现随着现代舰船抗爆炸冲击能力的日趋增强,必须大幅提高鱼雷战斗部威力才能有效打击敌方舰船,为此设想了一种组合药型罩聚能战斗部应用于新型鱼雷.设计了聚能战斗部的结构,分析了其作用机理,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行了数值仿真计算,得到了其侵彻单层靶板的应力云图.仿真结果表明,该组合药型罩战斗部能利用前级聚能射流为后续爆炸成型射弹(EFP)弹丸随进破坏提供运动空间,对目标的破坏效应明显强于普通聚能战斗部.该研究结果可为新型高效鱼雷战斗部设计提供参考.     

活性药型罩聚能装药破甲后效超压特性

采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,对活性药型罩聚能装药破甲后效超压特性进行了研究。通过地面静爆实验,测试了活性药型罩聚能装药穿透不同厚度靶板后的内爆超压特性。结果表明,在给定活性药型罩聚能装药结构的条件下,内爆超压随穿靶厚度基本呈抛物线衰减规律。进一步结合准定常理想不可压缩流体力学理论,引入活性材料能量释放激活延时参数,建立了破甲后效超压半经验分析模型。利用该模型预测的活性射流破甲后效超压与实验测试结果吻合较好。分析了活性材料能量释放激活延时对破甲后效超压的影响特性。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.