Nylon6/ABS/ABS-g-MAH合金的熔融行为和等温结晶动力学

通过不同配比的相容剂ABS-g-MAH用双螺杆挤出机制备Nylon6/ABS/ABS-g-MAH的合金。通过差示扫描量热（DSC）研究合金的熔融行为和等温结晶动力学,结果得出,随着结晶温度的升高（至194℃）,两个熔融峰逐渐合二为一。加入ABS-g-MAH后,合金的结晶时间变短,结晶速率增加。结晶动力学分析通过Avra...     

Impact essential work of fracture toughness of ABS/polyamide-6 blends compatibilized with olefin based copolymers

The impact fracture toughness of acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene/polyamide-6 (ABS/PA6) blends compatibilized with 5% by weight carbon monoxide modified ethylene-n butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (EnBACO-MAH) or ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) copolymers were examined as a function of blend ratio by standard Charpy tests, Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) Methodology and fracture surface morphologies. The samples were first processed in twin-screw extruder and they were subsequently injection moulded. The incompatibilized blends and neat-PA6 fractured in brittle manner, whereas compatibilized blends fractured in ductile manner. The EWF values yielded a maximum when weight percentages of ABS and PA6 were equal to each other. The values obtained in the case of EnBACO-MAH were higher than that of EMA-GMA regardless of blend composition in EWF tests. The trend of impact strengths observed in standard notched Charpy impact tests was in accordance with that of EWF values of blends. The morphology of the ABS/PA6 blends exhibited differences as a function of the component ratio and compatibilizer type. These differences in topology of the fracture surfaces of the blends were utilized to understand the deformation mechanism, and to correlate the fracture toughness values of the blends.     

LCP微球对LCP/尼龙6共混体系力学性能的影响

制备了分散相呈球状微粒形貌的液晶聚合物/尼龙6 (LCP/PA6)共混体系,选用离聚物磺化聚苯乙烯锌盐(Zn-SPS)和反应性嵌段共聚物苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为体系的增容剂,探讨了在相间相互作用得以改善时,利用LCP微球改善 LCP/尼龙6 共混体系韧性的可能性。试样受拉后的形貌观察表明,在增容体系中,LCP微球很好地镶嵌在尼龙6基体中,粒子脱落的空洞发生了较大的形变。力学性能测试结果表明,LCP的加入使材料的拉伸强度低于纯尼龙6,加入增容剂后共混材料拉伸强度有所提高,其中LCP/PA6 (质量比10/90)共混体系增容后的拉伸强度与纯尼龙6 相当。所研究的增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能均比未增容体系有所增加。其中,当 LCP的质量分数为4%时,Zn-SPS增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能比未增容体系和纯尼龙6分别增加了12%和62%;当LCP的质量分数为10 %时,SMA增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能比未增容体系和纯尼龙6分别增加了46%和55%。表明在适当条件下,利用LCP微球可以在保持共混体系的拉伸强度的同时提高材料的韧性。     

Mechanical and fracture properties of ternary PE/PA6/GF composites

This article studies the mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced polymer blends comprised of a soft thermoplastic matrix (polyethylene, PE), a rigid dispersed thermoplastic phase (polyamide-6, PA6) and glass fiber reinforcement. These ternary composites are designed as a model system to investigate the impact of the mutual interactions of the three phases on the composite mechanical properties. For this purpose two types of fibers are used, dispersed-phase and matrix-phase compatible fibers, respectively.     

阴离子聚合尼龙6/ABS合金的制备与性能

采用缩二脲（HDI）封端端羟基丁腈橡胶预聚物,制备大分子橡胶改性活化剂,以氢氧化钠为催化剂,选择不同配比的ABS树脂加入熔融己内酰胺单体中,确定聚合温度为160℃~180℃,通过阴离子聚合制得ABS/尼龙6（PA6）共混物。在原位合成ABS改性尼龙体系中,以橡胶改性剂作为ABS与尼龙的相容剂,当ABS用量为m（ABS）...     

高韧高强PA6/POE-g-MAH/MWNTs三元复合材料研究

研究了聚乙烯-辛烯弹性体接枝马来酸(POE-g-MAH)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对尼龙6(PA6)的增韧增强作用。结果表明,对MWNTs酸化处理可在表面成功接枝上羧酸基团,并与PA6上的酰胺基团化学键合,提高MWNTs在PA6基体中的分散性,增加界面结合力,更好地承受载荷,可对PA6/POE-gAMAH共混增韧材料产生良好的增强效果。PA6/POE-g-AMAH/a-MWNTs(质量比为70/30/1)三元共混材料在保持纯PA6拉伸强度和弯曲强度的同时,冲击强度比纯PA6提高了6倍,是一种理想的高强高韧工程塑料。     

热致液晶高分子/热塑性树脂原位复合材料的研究进展

原位复合材料是一类新型的聚合物合金,着重阐述了原位复合材料的增强机理、流变性能及影响材料性能的因素等基本问题,指出了该类材料目前的研究水平和发展趋势。     

Fracture resistance of polyblends and polyblend matrix composites: Part II Role of the rubber phase in Nylon 6,6/ABS alloys

A comprehensive study was undertaken on the specific role of rubber on toughening when other rigid polymer or non-polymer phases were present. Nylon 6,6/SAN blends of various SAN concentrations ranging from pure SAN to pure nylon 6,6 were investigated with and without fibre reinforcements. These results could be compared with the toughness values of unreinforced and fibre-reinforced nylon 6,6/ABS alloys from a previous study in order to elucidate the role of rubber. Fracture behaviour was investigated rigorously by characterizing the fracture initiation toughness, JIC, and the steady-state fracture toughness, Jss. These were then related to the microstructure and failure modes determined by microscopy and fractography methods. It was found that rubber increased both fracture initiation and propagation toughness in the presence of the rigid phase, while the rigid phase toughened the alloy only when the rigid phase/matrix interface was strong enough. The role played by glass fibres was found to be critically related to the fibre/matrix interfacial strength. Toughening was generally observed, both in the presence and absence of rubber, when the interface was strong. In all cases toughening could be related to the enhancement of plasticity in the crack tip by the presence of the rubber phase or the reinforcing glass phase. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ABS/改性凹凸棒石粘土复合材料的热性能研究

为提高ABS树脂的性能,采用熔融共混法在ABS中添加不同量的有机化改性凹凸棒石粘土(OAT)制备ABS/OAT树脂复合材料,对复合材料进行了表征与测试分析,讨论了OAT的添加对复合材料热性能的影响,结果表明OAT粒子在复合材料中实现了均匀稳定分散,复合材料的维卡软化温度、最快热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度都比纯ABS提高,这表明热稳定性有了很大的提高。     

Structural-mechanical relationship of epoxy compatibilized polyamide 6/polycarbonate blends

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/polycarbonate (PC) blends compatibilized with solid epoxy resin (bisphenol type-A) were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding. The effects of epoxy resin on the microstructure, tensile, impact and compatibility of the PA6/PC blends were investigated. The results showed that both the tensile modulus and elongation at break of PA6/PC blends were inferior as compared to their parent polymers. This resulted from incompatibility between the PA6 and PC phases. SEM observation revealed that the introduction of 0.5 part per hundred (phr) epoxy resin into the PA6/PC75/25 blend yields a finer dispersion of PC phase in PA6 matrix. The boundaries between the PC domains and PA6 matrix became obscure with the incorporation of 1 phr epoxy resin. Such an improvement in compatibility was suggested to be resulted from the formation of in situ epoxy bridged PA6-PC block copolymer in the blend during compounding. Consequently, the tensile modulus, yield strength and impact strength of the PA6/PC 75/25 blend improved considerably with increasing epoxy content.     

PPESK/ABS/TK复合材料流变性能的研究

为了研究晶须对PPESK/ABS共混物流变性能的影响,用溶液共沉淀方法制备了不同比例的含二氮杂萘联苯结构的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)/ABS/钛酸钾晶须(TK)复合材料,在290～310℃下,测定了复合材料的流变性能.研究结果表明:在该实验温度下,当PPESK/ABS为70/30,晶须含量由10到40份变化时(每百份树脂中晶须的含量),PPESK/ABS/TK复合材料的熔体属假塑性非牛顿流体,其熔体黏度随温度的升高、剪切速率的增大而下降,随TK含量的增加而增大;TK的加入使PPESK/ABS的熔融加工性变差.     

原位TiB/Ti复合材料的熔铸制备及其显微组织

结合Ti-B-Al体系的热力学及Ti-B相图,提出了可制备薄壁、复杂形状原位自生钛基复合材料构件的SMIF工艺.采用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段研究用该工艺制备的复合材料的相组成和显微组织.结果表明,钛基复合材料中生成了TiB增强相,且在基体中分布均匀,呈短纤维状;并且Al的加入使得TiB相具有较高的长径比,最高可达110.TiB增强相/基体界面清洁、无污染.受熔模精铸陶瓷型壳的激冷作用,钛基复合材料铸锭表层中TiB相垂直于铸锭的表面分布.与基体合金相比较,钛基复合材料的力学性能有了很大程度的提高.     

连续玻璃纤维和玻璃微珠共增强尼龙6复合材料的抗冲击性能

低速冲击是聚合物基复合材料在运输和服役过程中常见损伤方式,常造成复合材料结构损伤、性能降低、承载能力下降,影响使用。针对2D纤维增强聚合物基复合材料在冲击载荷作用下抗分层能力差的问题,本文采用熔融挤出结合热压成型法制备了二元和三元尼龙6(PA6)基复合材料,对比研究了连续玻璃纤维(GF)、玻璃微珠(GB)及两者共增强PA6基复合材料的摆锤冲击性能和落锤低速冲击响应。结果表明：(1) GF和GB能显著提高PA6的抗冲击性能,且GF的增强效果明显高于GB;(2) GB增强PA6基复合材料(GB/PA6)的冲击强度随GB加入量增大而先增大后降低,加入量为25wt%时冲击强度最大;冲击载荷作用下,25wt%GB/PA6的耗能机制除了界面脱粘和钉扎效应之外,还发现GB在PA6基体中的滑移耗能新机制;(3) GF和GB共增强PA6复合材料(GB-GF/PA6)中纤维起主要的增强作用,摆锤冲击实验和落锤冲击实验均证明存在协同增强效应;(4) GF和GB共增强的协同增强效应是由于共增强复合材料在冲击载荷作用下,抗Ⅱ型裂纹扩展能力提高,使复合材料抗分层能力得到强化;从而证明在基体中引入适量球形GB是提高...     

Investigation of erosive wear behavior and physical properties of SGF and/or calcite reinforced ABS/PA6 composites

The aim of this study was to investigate the erosive wear behavior of glass fiber, CaCO₃ particle and glass fiber/CaCO₃ hybrid reinforced ABS/PA6 blend based composites. The samples were prepared by using melt mixing and injection molding techniques. The mechanical, thermal, morphological properties and erosive wear behavior were investigated in terms of reinforcing agent type and composition. It was observed that the tensile strength and modulus values of hybrid composites gave a value between tensile strength and modulus values of only fiber reinforced composites and only particle reinforced composites. From DSC analysis it was revealed that T_g and T_m of composites were not significantly affected by reinforcement; however, degree of crystallinity was found to be sensitive to reinforcement type and composition. The impingement angle was found to have a significant effect on the erosive wear behavior. The results indicated that composite materials exhibited maximum erosion rate at impact angle of 30° conforming their ductile erosion behavior. In order to investigate wear mechanisms, eroded surface analysis was done by scanning electron microscopy. Surface analysis showed that repeated impact of hard silica sand particles caused a local removal of the matrix from the fiber surface and led to form craters on the surface of the composite material.     

增容纳米纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能

采用接枝共聚法制备了马来酸酐和丙烯酸丁酯双单体接枝聚乳酸（PLA）共聚物（mPLA）,然后以mPLA为增容剂,通过溶液浇铸法制备纳米纤维素（NCC）/PLA复合材料。采用SEM、DSC、TG、广角X射线衍射（WXRD）、力学和降解性能测试研究了mPLA对NCC/PLA复合材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:mPLA在PLA与NCC之间起到了良好的界面增容作用,促进了NCC在PLA基体中的分散。更精细分散的NCC促进了PLA的结晶成核,复合材料的结晶温度降低,结晶度提高;NCC/mPLA/PLA复合材料的力学性能随着mPLA含量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当mPLA含量为8%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量与未添加mPLA的复合材料相比,分别提高了30.2%和41.4%;亲水性的NCC加速了NCC/PLA复合材料的降解,加入mPLA后,复合材料的降解速率有所减慢,但仍然快于纯PLA的降解。      

Fiber Reinforcement in Injection Molded Nylon 6/6 Spur Gears

Injection molded polymer composite gears are being used in many power and or motion transmission applications. In order to widen the utilization of reinforced polymers for precision motion transmission and noise less applications, the accuracy of molded gears should be increased. Since the injection molded gear accuracy is significantly influenced by the material shrinkage behaviour, there is a need to understand the influence of fiber orientation and gate location on part shrinkage behaviour and hence the gear accuracy. Unreinforced and 20% short glass fiber reinforced Nylon 6/6 spur gears were injection molded in the laboratory and computer aided simulations of gear manufacturing was also carried out. Results of the mold flow simulation of gear manufacturing were correlated with the actual fiber orientation and measured major geometrical parameters of the molded gears. Actual orientation of the fibers near the tooth profile, weld line region and injection points of molded gears were observed using optical microscope and correlated with predicted fiber orientation.     

Effect of fillers on the structure and mechanical properties of LCP/PP/SiO2 in-situ hybrid nanocomposites

Fibrillation of LCP in a LCP/PP blend was enhanced through the introduction of nanosized silica particles to the PP matrix. LCP/(PP/SiO₂) composites with various silica concentrations were injection moulded into 1 mm plaques and characterized using structural, morphological and mechanical methods. The results revealed the transformation of short LCP fibrils to high aspect ratio fibrous structures upon the addition of the nanofillers. The silica particles have promoted the shear-induced fibrillation of the LCP phase. The wide angle X-ray diffraction results indicated that high orientation was achieved with rising silica content. The injection moulded samples also showed increased mechanical anisotropy with rising filler content. Consequently, both the in-situ fibrillation of LCP and silica reinforcements imparted good tensile strength and modulus to the composites along the flow direction. Such an improvement was achieved from the basis of increasing the matrix viscosity and raising the Capillary number which is a dimensionless factor governing the fibrillation process. This novel approach opens a new insight to the feasibility of producing in-situ hybrid nanocomposites with synergetic reinforcements.     

原位插层聚合法制备聚苯乙烯/海泡石纳米复合材料

采用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)作为有机插层剂对海泡石进行了有机化处理,该有机化的海泡石粒子在苯乙烯单体中很容易地均匀分散并形成稳定的胶体溶液.通过对分散有海泡石的苯乙烯进行原位插层聚合制备了聚苯乙烯/海泡石纳米复合材料.并用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对聚苯乙烯/海泡石复合材料的结构进行了表征.研究表明聚苯乙烯的大分子链插入到海泡石片层间,形成了部分插层、部分剥离型纳米复合材料.     

UP/GF/LCPU原位混杂复合材料动态力学性能

为了改进不饱和聚酯树脂在高低温和交变应力下力学性能和热稳定性较差的缺点,利用自行合成的端基含有活性基团的热致性液晶聚合物(LCPU)对不饱和聚酯(UP)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料改性,用DMA测试了共混物的动态力学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料断面的形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,加入一定量的LCPU,复合材料的动态力学性能得到一定改善,材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度得到明显的提高,其中冲击强度最大提高了16%,弯曲强度最大提高36%,弯曲模量最大提高61%,材料的应力-应变行为得到改善,而LCPU的含量对材料的硬度影响不大;LCPU的加入对提高材料的断裂能具有一定的作用.