四分之三球体穹顶单层网壳的性能分析

本文应用现行通用大型有限元分析软件包ＳｕｐｅｒＳＡＰ９３对四分之三球体穹顶单层网壳的整体稳定性，几何非线性及静力特性进行了较深入研究，计算了不同杆件尺寸的壳体屈曲荷载，分析了整体屈曲反应较敏感的区域；用非线性分析模块计算了网壳的荷载位移曲线，并提出了相应的计算策略；计算了网壳在不同竖向荷载及风荷载作用下的荷载位移关系，荷载轴力关系及荷载弯矩关系，分析了大矢高穹顶网壳的受力特点。     

一种新型杂交空间网格结构一弦支穹顶

弦支穹顶结构是基于张拉整体和单层球面网壳的一种新型空间杂交结构体系。本文对弦支穹顶结构体系的构成、受力特点、研究现状及工况实例等进行了研究，并通过与单层球面网壳结构的对比，得出了有益的结论和今后的研究方向。     

弦支穹顶结构的模型设计与试验研究

弦支穹顶结构由上部单层网壳和下部索杆系统组成。为进一步了解弦支穹顶结构的力学性能与施工张拉过程,以一跨度为122m的实际工程,制作了8∶122的缩尺模型。在模型的制作过程中,首先利用相似原理进行了各参数相似比的确定,然后进行了上部网壳、下部索杆和连接节点的设计与制作,同时针对试验内容与模型特点进行了应力与位移测点的布置...     

基于指数应变能密度的弦支穹顶结构失效准则研究

针对弦支穹顶结构缺少失效判断准则问题,基于结构整体指数应变能密度对弦支穹顶结构在地震作用下的受力状态进行了分析,提出了弦支穹顶结构的失效判定准则。给出了弦支穹顶结构的指数应变能密度和值(Id)的计算公式,并定性地推导了Id随加速度幅值(A)增加能够发生突变的机理,从而奠定了判断结构失效的理论基础。应用ANSYS有限元通用程序对9个不同构造的弦支穹顶结构分别在三向简谐波和TAFT地震波作用下的特征响应进行了全荷载域动力时程分析,并实时提取出各级动荷载幅值下结构全部单元的应变能密度。构建了弦支穹顶结构的Id-A关系模型,并通过分析结构的不同受力状态证实了Id-A曲线上拐点的存在。提出了基于指数应变能密度的弦支穹顶结构的失效荷载判定准则。基于分析所选弦支穹结构动力失效时刻的最大节点位移等动力响应特征,证明了所提出的失效准则的合理性。所提出的弦支穹顶结构失效判断准则及其分析方法,将对完善空间网格结构的设计理论及工程实践具有重要的参考价值。     

葵花型索穹顶结构力学性能及拉索破断试验研究

通过对一直径6m的葵花型索穹顶试验模型,进行竖向对称加载、非对称加载以及拉索瞬间破断试验,研究了该结构的受力特点以及单根拉索瞬间破断时结构的响应特征。应用非线性有限元数值计算方法建立索穹顶计算模型,对葵花型索穹顶结构的力学性能进行了分析,并与试验结果进行比较。结果表明:在各加载阶段,节点竖向位移实测值普遍较计算结果偏大,拉索索力实测值与计算结果总体吻合较好;对称加载过程,结构的荷 载-位移关系具有较好的线性规律;与对称加载比较,非对称加载的荷载-位移关系则表现出非线性,节点位移也较大,非对称荷载对结构竖向刚度的设计起控制作用;单根拉索瞬间破断时,结构会有微幅振动,不同位置拉索的失效对结构的影响程度不尽相同。     

焊接球节点刚度对网壳结构有限元分析精度的影响

采用与焊接空心球半径等长的刚臂来模拟节点的体积,在刚臂与杆件之间设置弹簧单元来模拟节点的刚度,推导了考虑刚臂和节点刚度的梁的单元刚度矩阵;根据焊接球节点刚度的回归公式,计算出符合施工构造要求的焊接球节点对杆件轴向刚度和弯曲刚度的影响范围,发现当焊接球的直径小于杆件几何中心长度的12%时,焊接球对轴力刚度的影响较小,而对弯曲刚度的影响很大;采用能量范数分析了弯曲刚度和轴力刚度误差应力解和位移解的影响,给出了焊接球对网壳位移解的误差估计公式。采用多尺度有限元法验证了该结论。     

铝合金半刚性椭圆抛物面网壳静力稳定性分析

针对目前铝合金单层网壳结构中节点形式过于单一的局面,该文首先研发出了一种新型铝合金半刚性节点--柱板式节点。获得了柱板式节点绕强轴、弱轴和扭转三个方向的弯矩-转角曲线,并将其引入到网壳杆件单元模型中,建立了半刚性节点工字型杆件椭圆抛物面网壳的数值分析模型。在此基础上,考虑节点强轴刚度、节点弱轴刚度、节点扭转刚度及跨度和矢跨比等参数影响,对半刚性节点高强铝合金椭圆抛物面单层网壳进行了弹塑性全过程分析,得到了各参数对网壳极限承载力的影响规律,并详细地考察了网壳失稳时的变形形态。研究发现:网壳失稳时,网壳中的柱板式节点均处于弹性状态,说明柱板式节点有较好的刚度,网壳的失稳为伴随杆件扭转屈曲的局部失稳。     

强震下弦支穹顶结构的动力性状精细化研究

为了探索强震下材料损伤累积、节点半刚性及节点刚域对弦支穹顶结构动力性能的影响,通过对承受轴力和弯矩共同作用的焊接球节点的有限元分析,得到考虑材料损伤累积的焊接球节点M-θ曲线,建立考虑材料损伤累积的半刚性节点、节点刚域模型,然后对5个分别考虑节点半刚性、节点刚域及材料损伤累积的弦支穹顶模型进行对比分析。结果表明:考虑材料损伤累积、节点半刚性使结构塑性发展充分,结构刚度更趋向均匀,会引起结构破坏位置、失效模式及结构延性的转变。考虑材料损伤累积、节点半刚性及节点刚域等对弦支穹顶的动力性能有较大的影响。     

K8型单层球面网壳基于AUTODYN的外爆响应分析

该文采用显式动力有限元软件AUTODYN对K8型单层球面网壳在外爆荷载下的动态响应进行了研究。数值模拟中采用流固耦合方法施加荷载,钢材采用多段线性模型,首先验证了AUTODYN进行近场爆炸分析和远场爆炸分析的准确性;考察了跨度为20 m的网壳结构在外爆荷载下的荷载传播规律、最大节点位移变化规律以及塑性杆件发展规律,考察了跨度为40 m网壳结构在TNT质量、炸点距离以及炸点高度参数变化下的结构响应规律。数值分析的结果表明:AUTODYN具备准确进行近场爆炸和远场爆炸分析的能力;单层球面网壳在外爆荷载下主要经历两次冲击波荷载,最大节点位移出现在第一次冲击荷载作用时,结构杆件的塑性发展在0.05 s后基本结束;网壳结构的响应随TNT质量增加和炸点高度增加而加大,随炸点距离增大而减小。     

考虑螺栓连接滑移影响的输电铁塔塔身结构分析

在ANSYS中建立了考虑节点螺栓连接滑移特性的输电铁塔塔身节段三维有限元模型,分别计算得到了垂直荷载和水平荷载作用下塔身节段杆件轴力和节点位移,分析了螺栓连接节点类型、荷载类型和螺栓滑移距离对塔身节段杆件内力和变形的影响。垂直荷载作用下,斜材与主材节点螺栓连接滑移对塔身节段杆件轴力及节点位移的影响更为明显,塔身主材、塔腿斜材和第2节间倒K斜材轴力变化大都高于水平荷载工况;而水平荷载作用下,横隔面杆件与主材螺栓节点的连接滑移是主要影响因素,其对加载点附近塔身主材和交叉斜材轴力的影响显著,第3节间主材和交叉斜材轴力的变化幅度分别达到34.8%和45.2%。螺栓滑移距离对塔身主材和塔腿斜材轴力最大值影响较小,但对加载点竖向变形影响明显。     

Strength and stressed state of asymmetric mechanically inhomogeneous welded joints with incomplete fusion at the center of the weld under biaxial loading

An approximate solution of the plane problem of the theory of plasticity for main pipelines, cylindrical vessels, and shell structures subjected to biaxial loading is proposed which allows one to perform theoretical analysis aimed at evaluation of strength and stressed state of asymmetric mechanically inhomogeneous welded joints with incomplete fusion at the center of the weld in the case of ductile fracture. Regulating the degree of mechanical inhomogeneity and thickness of the soft interlayer, it is possible to get the uniform strength of welded joints with incomplete fusion and shift fracture processes to the base metal under biaxial tension. We also determine the range of sizes of the domain of incomplete fusion for which the uniformity of strength is attained for the joint with asymmetric mechanical inhomogeneity of the butt weld with incomplete fusion.     

屈曲约束支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构干式柔性梁柱节点的试验研究

建议了一种由受弯框架与采用梁柱柔性节点的屈曲约束支撑框架并联组成的装配式混凝土双重抗侧力体系,设计并完成了4个装配式梁柱节点试件和1个现浇节点试件的往复加载试验。研究了混凝土楼板、螺栓孔形式等因素对该柔性节点受力性能和破坏模态的影响,并与现浇试件进行了对比。试验结果表明:混凝土楼板对柔性节点刚度及承载力有很大的影响,在设计时不可忽略;螺栓孔形式在结构位移较小时对节点的受力性能没有影响,但当结构位移较大时会影响节点的破坏模式;与现浇节点相比,装配式柔性节点具有很大的变形能力。     

管道承插式接口轴向力学性能试验研究与数值模拟

通过球墨铸铁供水管线承插式接口抗拉静载力学性能试验,分析管道接口轴向的拉伸力学性能和破坏模式,并建立相应管道接口受力分析的有限元数值模型。在外部无覆土、加压注水条件下,对球墨铸铁输水管道承插式接口进行拟静力拉拔试验,模拟其在地震作用等往复荷载下的轴向受力与变形特征。试验结果表明,加载方式以及管道内部水压等对接口的轴向抗拉力学性能和破坏方式的影响不大,抗拉极限位移达到60 cm。基于OpenSees计算平台建立管道接口有限元模型,并对试验结果进行了模拟,结果表明建立的管道接口有限元模型能够较好地模拟管道接口在轴向往复荷载作用下的刚度退化和耗能等力学特征,为埋地管道在复杂轴向荷载作用下的受力分析和性能评估提供了必要的试验数据和计算模型。     

嵌入式毂节点刚度及其单层球面网壳承载力研究

嵌入式毂节点是我国自行设计研制出来的一种新型装配式节点,具有施工方便、外形流畅、定位精度高等优点,属于典型的半刚性节点。但目前对此类节点的研究尚不够深入,现有规范尚未涉及此类半刚接单层球面网壳的相关理论计算公式和设计要求。基于此,采用ANSYS软件建立了嵌入式毂节点的精细化模型,基于幂函数模型拟合了节点的弯矩-转角公式,同时,探讨了不同跨度和矢跨比下节点刚度对单层球面网壳稳定承载能力的影响。研究表明:嵌入式毂节点在平面外弯曲时的弯矩-转角曲线以及在扭转作用时的扭矩-转角曲线均与幂函数模型吻合良好;网壳结构承载力对节点弯曲刚度的敏感程度要大于节点轴向刚度,且极限承载力对节点刚度的敏感程度会随着结构跨度或矢跨比的增大均呈现减弱的趋势。     

传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点受力性能试验研究与承载力计算

为研究传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点受力性能,对传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁中节点和边节点进行低周反复加载试验,分析了双梁-柱节点的破坏特征及影响因素。研究结果表明:传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点的破坏模式主要是下梁与大柱形成的核心区（3区）发生剪切屈服,上梁、下梁与大柱所形成的区域（2区）发生压弯破坏,部分焊缝及其热影响区的母材开裂;轴压比为0.3试件的极限承载力均高于轴压比为0.6的节点试件;相同轴压比下中节点试件的承载力高于边节点试件。给出了节点核心区2区压弯承载力验算公式并推导了节点核心区3区抗剪承载力计算公式,经与试验结果相比较,吻合较好。     

CFRP加固钢板的粘结界面剥离破坏

II型界面破坏是碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)加固钢板常见的破坏方式之一。为揭示CFRP加固钢板粘结界面破坏的力学机制,开展了单剪试验和双剪试验分别研究了CFRP-钢板界面力学性能及破坏过程,并采用数字图像相关技术(DIC)对CFRP的轴向应变分布进行监测。对比两个试验的破坏模式发现,双剪试件的粘结界面主要发生II型破坏,界面破坏的主要力学原因是剪应力;而存在偏心加载的单剪试件,粘结界面上的剪应力和偏心加载引起的弯矩共同作用,使粘结界面发生I/II型混合模式失效。在II型破坏模式下,不同粘结长度的极限荷载及粘结滑移值随着粘结长度的增大而增大,但当粘结长度超过有效粘结长度后,极限荷载及极限滑移值基本保持不变。而在所讨论的偏心加载引起的界面I/II型混合破坏模式下,不同粘结长度的极限荷载基本不变。基于试验数据得到的双线性粘结-滑移关系建立了有限元模型,对CFRP加固钢板的II型界面粘结破坏行为进行分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。      

An experimental and numerical study on adhesive joints for composites

In many composites structures the use of joints allows not only more versatility during the assemblage process but also reduces the cost during the manufacturing. As joints are considered regions of weakness, their study has been conducted since late 1930s. Researchers have been working on new joint designs looking for better performances. One of these new designs is the bonded wavy-lap joint presented by Zeng and Sun in 2001. This paper addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the wavy-lap joint and a modified wavy-lap joint design is studied. To be able to guarantee the data consistency a statistical study is performed considering not only the sample size population but also the statistical differences between the single-lap and wavy-lap joints. Besides, the experimental tests, a finite element simulation is carried out to analyze the stress fields inside the joints. The results show an average increase on loading to failure close to 41%. This fact could be due to the compressive stress field developed inside the wavy-lap joint. In addition, this stress field distribution can also be the reason for the adherent delamination observed on the wavy-lap joints. So far, the modified wavy-lap joint seems to lead to stronger joints.     

Fatigue strength of self‐piercing riveted joints in lap‐shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets

The self‐piercing riveting (SPR) process is gaining popularity because of its many advantages. This study investigated the fatigue strength of SPR joints in tensile‐shear specimens with dissimilar Al‐5052 and steel sheets. A structural analysis of the specimen was conducted. For this specimen, the upper steel sheet withstood applied load in a monotonic test and played a major role in the low‐cycle region. In the high‐cycle region, however, the harder surface of the upper steel sheet reduced the fatigue strength by enhancing fretting crack initiation on the opposite softer aluminium surface. Therefore, the fatigue endurance of the specimen was reduced. The fatigue endurance of a SPR joint with the combination of steel and aluminium sheets was found to be governed by the strength of the lower sheet, which is more vulnerable to the applied loading. Thus, it is desirable to use a stronger metal sheet as the lower sheet with regard to the fatigue performance. Scanning acoustic microscopy was effectively used to reveal and prove the formation and growth of subsurface cracks in SPR joints. The structural stress can predict the fatigue lifetimes of the SPR joint specimens within a factor of three.     

Damage mode characterization of mechanically fastened composite joints using carbon nanotube networks

The practice of upgrading metal parts with composites in large structures has led to an increased use of composite joints, particularly mechanical fastenings, due to ease of assembly and replacement. A drawback of mechanical joints is that damage is difficult to detect visually. In this research, an embedded carbon nanotube network has been used to modify the conductivity of bolted composite joints. In situ electrical resistance measurements in conductive composites have potential to provide quantitative evidence of damage as well as insight into the type of damage which occurs during tensile loading. We demonstrate that the electrical resistance of a bolted composite joint is more sensitive to certain modes of damage (e.g., matrix cracking and delamination) than others (bearing and shear-out), due mostly to the varying amount of void space created, thus proving the potential of an embedded carbon nanotube network in the health monitoring of mechanically fastened cross-ply composites.