全级配混凝土I型裂缝扩展全过程数值模拟

该文将起裂断裂韧度作为裂缝扩展的判定依据,应用ANSYS软件,对全级配混凝土I型裂缝扩展过程进行数值模拟,分别计算了混凝土楔入劈拉试件的荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线、临界裂缝长度和双K 断裂韧度,并与溪洛渡大坝的断裂试验结果进行比较,吻合良好。同时,结合试验数据,将该文计算结果与《水工混凝土断裂试验规程》规定的标准尺寸试件断裂参数计算结果进行对比。结果表明:规程规定的方法也适用于大尺寸非标准试件双K 断裂参数的计算,其误差率在5%以内。此外,对于全级配混凝土,只要通过试验测得其弹性模量、抗拉强度、抗压强度和起裂荷载,即可用该文提出的方法计算混凝土的双K 断裂韧度和裂缝扩展全过程。应用该方法还可以得到全级配混凝土的K_R阻力曲线。     

低热水泥全级配混凝土断裂试验及尺寸效应分析

该文分析了低热水泥全级配混凝土断裂性能的尺寸效应规律。通过在大坝工程施工现场浇筑成型试件有效高度为0.75 m、1.5 m和2.25 m的楔入劈拉试件并开展试验,获得低热水泥全级配混凝土稳定的双K断裂参数。基于试验结果,采用理论方法推求全级配混凝土无尺寸效应的失稳和起裂韧度,预测任意尺寸试件的最大和起裂水平荷载。研究发现,当韧带高度与骨料最大粒径比值大于等于6.0后,双K断裂参数趋于稳定。尺寸效应模型及其演化形式可用于确定全级配混凝土无尺寸效应的起裂和失稳断裂韧度,定量分析强度与韧度对裂缝扩展的影响,并可通过引入等效几何参数,分别建立任意尺寸试件最大和起裂水平荷载的预测方程。     

环氧沥青混凝土裂纹起裂与失稳扩展的临界特征

为了获取环氧沥青混凝土的裂纹起裂与失稳扩展临界点,重构了环氧沥青混凝土非均质(集料、砂浆和空隙)多层次(矿料级配)结构三维虚拟试件,采用离散元方法实施了单边切口小梁虚拟三点弯曲试验,借助数字摄像法捕捉了室内小梁试件表面裂纹发展情况,分析了裂缝发展过程中裂缝尖端张开位移(CTOD)和裂缝口张开位移(CMOD)之间的变化关系。研究结果表明:裂尖张开位移δ₂₅参数的使用为理解实际流入断裂带用于裂缝扩展的那部分能量开辟了一条新思路;裂缝尖端张开位移和裂缝口张开位移关系曲线的两个转折点描述了裂缝起裂和临界失稳扩展状态,环氧沥青混凝土断裂过程中裂缝的扩展经历了起裂、稳定扩展和失稳扩展3个阶段;δ₂₅-CMOD曲线分析法可以作为研究沥青混凝土材料断裂行为的辅助手段。     

考虑骨料尺寸的混凝土岩石边界效应断裂模型

该文比较了边界效应模型（BEM）和尺寸效应模型（SEM）在研究材料断裂性能方面的不同。提出了由处于准脆性断裂状态的三点弯曲试件的峰值荷载P_max,同时确定材料参数--断裂韧度K_IC与拉伸强度f_t的理论与方法。由于实验室条件下混凝土试件高度W与骨料最大粒径d_max的比例W/d_max约为5~20,试件的非均质性明显,破坏为准脆性断裂控制。因此,区别于以连续介质力学为基础的应用于准脆性断裂研究的力学模型,该文研究将骨料最大粒径d_max引入相应的断裂模型解析表达式中,由参数组合β d_max来计算结构峰值状态对应的裂缝扩展量,通过离散参数β的不同取值,实现了对材料参数--断裂韧度与拉伸强度的准确预测。基于不同学者的相同尺寸W而不同初始裂缝长度a₀,以及相同初始缝高比a₀/W而不同尺寸W的几何相似的砂浆、混凝土及岩石类材料试件的试验成果（骨料最大粒径d_max从1.2 mm~40 mm变化）,验证了所提理论与方法的合理性。     

岩石-混凝土界面拉伸断裂性能的率相关性研究EI北大核心CSCD

该文弯曲断裂试验获得了不同应变率下界面的抗拉强度、荷载-加载点位移曲线、荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线、起裂荷载和峰值荷载,通过夹式引伸计法和DIC法获得了临界裂缝扩展长度。并计算了界面断裂能及双K断裂参数,分析了不同应变率下界面断裂过程区演化规律及特征长度的变化。结果表明:随应变率的增大,断裂能和起裂韧度增大,临界裂缝长度和失稳韧度先增加后减小,断裂过程区长度及特征长度随应变率的提高而减小。该文从裂缝发展路径、自由水粘性、惯性效应三方面探讨了岩石-混凝土界面断裂参数的率效应。     

小尺寸混凝土试件双K断裂参数试验研究

采用最大尺寸为680mm×160mm×40mm的标准三点弯曲梁试件,利用在初始裂缝两侧粘贴电阻应变片并利用混凝土裂缝扩展到此处时其应变回缩的方法测得了起裂荷载Pini,在此基础上根据Pini及初始缝长a0得到了起裂断裂韧度KIiCni;根据在试验中测得的最大荷载Pmax及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODC计算了混凝土等效裂缝长度aC,据此计算了失稳断裂韧度KIuCn。结果表明:采用电阻应变片法可准确测定混凝土的起裂荷载Pini,且方法简单。试验结果还表明:在本试验范围内,三点弯曲梁法测得的混凝土双K断裂参数KIiCni、KIuCn与试件高度无关,进一步说明了混凝土双K断裂参数可以作为描述混凝土裂缝扩展的断裂参数。     

电测法确定低强混凝土裂缝起裂和等效裂缝长度

该文设计了3种低强度混凝土三点弯曲切口梁,测试研究其双K断裂参数。试验中采用标距为5 mm和10 mm的应变片以半桥连接方式测量预制裂缝的起裂荷载,比较其工作性,发现应变片测量起裂荷载具有强度敏感性,短标距应变片更适宜测量本试验用低强度混凝土的裂缝起裂。试验中另沿韧带方向布置4组半桥应变片,根据各测点处拉应变回缩时的荷载与裂缝口张开位移,计算裂缝发展至测点高度时刻的等效裂缝长度,并与此时的实际缝长比较,结果表明双K断裂模型在预测裂缝长度方面具有较好的适用性。     

由小尺寸试件确定混凝土的断裂韧度与拉伸强度

该文利用骨料最大粒径d_max=10 mm,试件高度W依次为60 mm、80 mm、100 mm、140 mm、160 mm,厚度B=40 mm的小尺寸三点弯曲梁试件,来确定无尺寸效应的混凝土断裂韧度K_IC与拉伸强度f_t。区别于现有尺寸效应模型关注于"绝对尺寸W",该文提出"相对尺寸W/d_max"的概念,分析了骨料颗粒对有限尺寸试件断裂破坏的影响机理,进而将骨料最大粒径d_max与离散度参数β引入修正的边界效应模型的解析表达式中,发展建立了离散颗粒断裂模型,进而给出了由实验室条件下小尺寸试件（W=60 mm~160 mm和B=40 mm）的峰值荷载P_max同时确定混凝土材料参数-K_IC和f_t的实用方法。进而分析了不同试件组合和不同峰值荷载时裂缝扩展量取值对材料参数确定的影响规律,建立了混凝土材料破坏的完整曲线,给出了满足线弹性断裂力学条件的混凝土试件理论最小尺寸,并基于确定的材料参数对各试件的峰值荷载进行了成功预测。。     

大初始缝高比混凝土试件双K断裂参数的试验研究

双K 断裂准则能够定量描述混凝土裂缝的起裂、稳定扩展和失稳断裂。该文采用混凝土三点弯曲梁试件,通过在试验中测得的起裂荷载P_ini、最大荷载P_max及临界裂缝口张开位移CMOD_C计算了初始缝高比为0.3~0.9共7组试件的起裂断裂韧度K_ICini 和失稳断裂韧度K_ICun 。结果表明,当初始缝高比为0.3~0.7时,混凝土裂缝扩展经历起裂、稳定扩展和失稳破坏3 个阶段,双K 参数均是与初始缝高比无关的材料参数;当初始缝高比大于或等于0.8 时,混凝土裂缝起裂后便进入失稳扩展阶段,起裂荷载即为最大荷载,且计算得到的K_ICini 仍与初始缝高比无关。因此,在确定K_ICini 时,仅需测得初始缝高比大于或等于0.8试件的P_max,将P_max作为P_ini直接计算得到K_ICini。同以往的试验方法相比,其结果更为准确且试验方法简单。     

采用无缝试件确定混凝土岩石的断裂韧度

该文建立了由无缝试件确定混凝土和岩石断裂韧度的理论模型及其解析表达式。该模型考虑了混凝土骨料粒径与岩石颗粒尺寸的重要影响,仅需小尺寸无缝试件的峰值荷载,即可直接确定出无尺寸效应的混凝土与岩石的断裂韧度。进一步,进行了含不同裂缝长度的岩石试件的系列断裂试验,研究结果表明:基于该文模型由无缝试件确定的岩石断裂韧度,与采用含1 mm预制浅裂缝试件的确定结果相吻合,与基于回归分析方法由含不同长度预制裂缝试件确定的断裂韧度基本一致。同时,基于所提模型,对其他学者完成的岩石与混凝土无缝与含缝试件的试验成果进行了深入分析,验证了所提模型与方法的合理性及适用性。该文研究为由实验室小尺寸无缝试件确定混凝土与岩石无尺寸效应的断裂韧度提供了新思路。     

A comparative study on five approaches to evaluate double-K fracture toughness parameters of concrete and size effect analysis

The current paper presents a comprehensive comparison of double-K fracture toughness parameters of concrete evaluated using experimental method and four existing analytical methods. Fracture tests were carried out on compact tension wedge splitting specimens with various depths varying from 200 mm up to 1000 mm. In the analytical calculation, depending on the relationship between critical crack tip opening displacement and the abscissa value of turning point on bilinear softening curve, two different distributions of cohesive stress are considered along crack extension. Results show that four available analytical calculations yield almost the same values of double-K fracture toughness parameters and agree well with those obtained from the experiment, which confirms the consistency of five approaches. Size effect was discussed, including unstable fracture toughness, initiation fracture toughness, critical effective crack length, the length of critical fracture process zone and critical crack tip opening displacement.     

Determination of concrete fracture parameters based on two-parameter and size effect models using split-tension cubes

The notched beam specimens have been commonly used in concrete fracture. In this study, the splitting-cube specimens, which have some advantages - compactness and lightness - compared to the beams, were analyzed for the effective crack models: two-parameter model and size effect model. The linear elastic fracture mechanics formulas of the cube specimens namely the stress intensity factor, the crack mouth opening displacement, and the crack opening displacement profile were first determined for different load-distributed widths using the finite element method. Subsequently, four series of experimental studies on cubic, cylindrical, and beam specimens were performed. The statistical investigations indicated that the results of the split-cube tests look viable and very promising.     

Mode I fracture behaviour of concrete under biaxial loading

Most concrete structures are biaxially loaded when cracking occurs and propagates. A test equipment was developed to evaluate fracture mechanic parameters of concrete, based on the principle of wedge splitting. Notched cubic specimens are tested under stable crack propagation. An additional compressive load application device simulates a homogeneous biaxial state of stress. A force-crack opening displacement diagram is obtained from which the specific fracture energy is calculated. The strain softening behaviour is then evaluated by means of numerical modelling. The approach was applied for biaxially loaded concrete samples with 8, 16 and 32 mm maximum size aggregate (MSA). Based on the experimental data a model is developed and discussed. It is found that the fracture energy changes non-uniformly with increasing compressive stress level, and that interaction of microcracking and aggregate interlocking influences the fracture mechanism.     

砼双K断裂参数的实用解析方法

采用标准三点弯曲梁砼试件,利用试验中测得的最大荷载maxP及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODc计算了砼裂缝亚临界扩展量caD。提出了由虚拟裂缝闭合力)(xs产生的应力强度因子cKI的实用解析方法,进而计算了砼双K断裂参数iniKIC及unKIC。采用这一方法,只需在试验中测得最大荷载maxP及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODc、砼弹性模量及抗拉强度即可确定双K断裂参数并且无需对cKI进行数值积分。大量的计算分析表明,这一实用解析方法不但可使计算过程进一步简化,而且具有很高的精度。     

Determination of the kink point in the bilinear softening model for concrete

The characterization of the softening curve from experimental results is essential for predicting the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials like concrete. Among various shapes (e.g. linear, exponential) to describe the softening behavior of concrete, the bilinear softening relationship has been extensively used and is the model of choice in this work. Currently, there is no consensus about the location of the kink point in the bilinear softening curve. In this study, the location of the kink point is proposed to be the stress at the critical crack tip opening displacement. Experimentally, the fracture parameters required to describe the bilinear softening curve can be determined with the “two-parameter fracture model” and the total work of fracture method based on a single concrete fracture test. The proposed location of the kink point compares well with the range of kink point locations reported in the literature, and is verified by plotting stress profiles along the expected fracture line obtained from numerical simulations with the cohesive zone model. Finally, prediction of experimental load versus crack mouth opening displacement curves validate the proposed location of the kink point for different concrete mixtures and also for geometrically similar specimens with the same concrete mixture. The experiments were performed on three-point bending specimens with concrete mixtures containing virgin coarse aggregate, recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA), and a 50-50 blend of RCA and virgin coarse aggregate. The verification and validation studies support the hypothesis of the kink point occurring at the critical crack tip opening displacement.     

混凝土裂缝扩展过程中裂尖张开口位移(CTOD)与裂缝嘴张开口位移(CMOD)的变化关系分析

裂缝尖端张开口位移(CTOD)和裂缝嘴张开口位移(CMOD)是衡量裂缝张开程度的两个指标.该文进行了楔入式紧凑拉伸混凝土断裂试验,研究了在裂缝扩展的整个过程中裂缝尖端张开口位移和裂缝嘴张开口位移之间的关系.发现,裂缝尖端张开口位移和裂缝嘴张开口位移关系曲线可以用三线性模型来描述,两个转折点与裂缝的起裂和临界失稳扩展相对...     

Numerical modelling of pressurized fracture evolution in concrete using zero-thickness interface elements

The development of cracks due to the effect of fluid pressure is a problem that concerns many areas of engineering, ranging from structural to geotechnical or petroleum. Within the context of the Finite Element Method, the authors have recently proposed a formulation for the coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of zero-thickness interface elements. This formulation has been verified for pre-existing discontinuities (e.g. natural joints, faults in rock). In this paper, the above formulation, complemented with an appropriate fracture mechanics-based constitutive model, is applied to developing cracks in plain concrete. The numerical results are compared with a series of wedge splitting tests available in the literature, performed on concrete specimens under the influence of fluid pressure at the notch and along the propagating crack. A good agreement is obtained in terms of wedge-splitting force vs. crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), crack and fluid fronts vs. CMOD, and fluid pressure along the crack vs. time. The influence of splitting rate and input fluid pressure is also systematically analyzed.