反复拉压荷载下不同饱满度对半灌浆接头连接性能影响的试验研究

为研究地震作用下不同饱满度对套筒灌浆接头连接性能的影响,设计四种饱满度半灌浆套筒接头试件进行反复拉压荷载试验.结果表明:随着灌浆饱满度降低,经过反复拉压荷载后试件破坏形式由钢筋拉断向灌浆端钢筋刮犁拔出转变,且抗拉强度降低;灌浆不饱满会增大试件在反复拉压荷载作用后的残余变形,并减小接头的割线拉伸刚度,不利于混凝土结构的裂缝控制,增大地震后连接节点的损坏程度;对于承受高应力反复拉压荷载的试件,由于灌浆饱满度降低,连接滑移增大,其耗能能力略有增强;对于承受大变形反复拉压荷载的试件,随着饱满度降低其耗能能力先增大后减小,接头的安全冗余度有所降低.通过本次试验,验证了施工缺陷造成灌浆不饱满会削弱半灌浆接头的连接性能,对连接节点在地震作用下的安全性造成隐患.     

带圆弓形脱空缺陷的钢管混凝土构件在压弯扭复合受力作用下的滞回性能试验研究

为研究圆弓形脱空缺陷对钢管混凝土试件在压弯扭复合受力作用下抗震性能的影响,进行了16个钢管混凝土试件（包括8个带脱空缺陷试件、6个无脱空试件和2个空钢管对比试件）在恒定轴压力和反复弯扭耦合荷载作用下的滞回试验,主要试验参数为:脱空率、轴压比和弯扭比。基于试验结果,考察了脱空缺陷对钢管混凝土压弯扭试件破坏模态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力和应变发展等的影响,结果表明:圆弓形脱空缺陷对钢管混凝土试件滞回曲线的形状影响不大,但会导致其达到极限荷载后的强化段刚度有所降低。试件的承载力、刚度和耗能能力均随着脱空率的增大而有所降低。变化轴压比对带缺陷试件的力学性能影响并不显著,而随着弯扭比的增大,脱空缺陷对试件极限承载力、刚度和耗能能力的影响有趋于显著的趋势,表明相较于受扭作用,脱空对钢管混凝土受弯性能的影响更为显著。     

配钢率对型钢混凝土异形柱抗震性能的影响分析

设计了16个型钢混凝土异形柱试件，包括L形柱、沿腹板加载的T形柱、沿翼缘加载的T形柱和十形柱各4个，采用试验研究和有限元模拟相结合的方法分析配钢率对试件抗震性能的影响，得到了试件的破坏形态及滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、延性、刚度、耗能能力等性能指标。结果表明:剪跨比为2.5的试件在低周反复荷载作用下发生弯曲破坏，配钢率对试件破坏形态的影响较小，但配钢率增大能够抑制混凝土裂缝的开展，延缓试件的破坏；试件的滞回曲线饱满、对称，延性好，耗能能力强，刚度退化先快后慢；随着配钢率增大，试件的滞回环面积越来越大，承载力显著提高，延性明显改善，刚度退化变缓，但耗能能力变化较小。     

偏心腹杆式交错桁架结构滞回性能试验研究

为了改善交错桁架结构的抗震性能,对空腹式交错桁架和混合式交错桁架分别内填Y形偏心腹杆,形成纯偏心腹杆式交错桁架和混合偏心腹杆式交错桁架结构。对两种偏心腹杆式桁架单元试件进行了低周反复荷载试验,分析了试件的滞回性能、耗能能力、延性、承载力和刚度退化规律。试验结果表明:两种偏心腹杆式交错桁架单元试件的滞回曲线比较饱满,耗能性能较好;耗能段的滞回曲线较整体结构的滞回曲线饱满,偏心腹杆式桁架单元主要由耗能段耗散能量;两个试件的能量耗散系数、位移延性系数比较接近;在每级循环荷载中,试件的承载力降低较少,接近破坏时,试件的承载力下降较多;纯偏心腹杆式桁架单元的变形能力优于混合偏心腹杆式桁架单元的变形能力;混合偏心腹杆式桁架单元抗侧刚度比纯偏心腹杆式桁架单元抗侧刚度大,前者刚度退化相对后者快。     

两边连接暗支撑预制墙板抗震性能分析EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种适用于多、高层装配式钢框架结构的两边连接暗支撑预制墙板。对6个2/3缩尺的暗支撑预制墙板试件进行低周往复循环水平剪力加载试验,分析了几种典型的破坏模型,并对不同试件的抗剪承载力、延性和耗能能力进行研究。试验结果表明:暗支撑预制墙板具有良好的延性和耗能能力,减小剪跨比、增大墙厚能有效提高预制墙板抗剪承载力,但其峰值位移会降低至原来的1/2;设置暗柱构能有效提高预制墙板抗剪承载力;试件的上部连接、T型件与暗支撑骨架下部焊缝为薄弱位置,应对其局部加强,上部连接宜采用长圆孔构造,防止螺栓剪切破坏。有限元参数化分析的结果表明:提高混凝土强度,对暗支撑预制墙板的峰值荷载影响较小,但采用C30以上混凝土能有效提高其屈服荷载;当钢支撑用钢量相同时,相较于增大截面厚度,增大截面宽度对墙板抗剪承载力提升的影响更为显著。     

低周反复荷载下型钢再生混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

通过8个不同再生粗骨料取代率、轴压比、体积配箍率下的型钢再生混凝土短柱的低周反复加载试验,观察其受力过程及破坏形态,分析了不同设计参数对短柱的荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、刚度退化、延性及耗能等力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:型钢再生混凝土短柱的主要破坏形态为剪切斜压破坏;试件荷载-位移滞回曲线基本呈梭形;试件达到峰值荷载后,承载力下降较快、变形小、延性较差;再生粗骨料取代率对试件承载力影响不大,延性耗能随着取代率增大而有所减低;随着轴压比的增大,试件承载力提高但延性耗能降低幅度大;随体积配箍率的增大,试件承载力及延性耗能均相应增大。除轴压比较小的短柱外,其余型钢再生混凝土短柱的延性系数均小于3,表明短柱抗震性能较差。因此,在实际工程中应采取相应的措施以改善短柱抗震性能。     

内置耗能钢板的门式箱型钢桥墩抗震性能研究

基于可恢复功能结构设计理念,提出一种新型内置耗能钢板的门式箱型钢桥墩。开展了6榀门式箱型钢桥墩试件在变轴压和水平往复加载下的拟静力试验,通过分析试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性系数、刚度退化特征、强度退化系数和累积滞回耗能等性能指标,探讨了设置耗能钢板、轴压比和耗能钢板厚度等对新型门式钢桥墩抗震性能的影响规律。建立门式钢桥墩试件的有限元模型,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究表明：设置耗能钢板能够提升门式箱型钢桥墩的延性、变形能力和耗能能力,且能有效延缓壁板的屈曲变形和开裂。新型门式箱型钢桥墩根部壁板螺栓孔附近钢板易因应力集中而开裂,致使试件最大承载力迅速降低。随着轴压比的增大,试件的承载力、耗能能力和震后可恢复性能提高。可更换耗能钢板的厚度越小,试件的承载力越低、刚度退化越快,但其延性和耗能能力得到提升。轴压比和耗能钢板厚度对试件强度退化的影响相对较小。为便于新型门式钢桥墩的推广应用,基于试验研究结果提出内置耗能钢板的门式箱型钢桥墩的延性评估简化公式和承载力的抗震设计公式。     

压弯剪扭实腹型钢混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究型钢混凝土(SRC)柱在压弯剪扭复合受力状态下的抗震性能,以截面尺寸、型钢含钢率、纵筋配筋率、体积配箍率和栓钉位置为变化参数,完成了12根型钢混凝土柱和1根钢筋混凝土(RC)对比柱的压弯剪扭低周反复试验。观察了试件在复合受扭状态下的破坏形态,对比分析了各试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能及延性性能。结果表明：在压弯剪扭受力状态下,所有试件均发生弯扭破坏;荷载-柱顶位移滞回曲线呈饱满的梭形,扭矩-扭转角曲线为捏拢的“S”形;增大截面尺寸和配筋率可有效提高SRC柱的抗扭和抗弯承载力;峰值荷载前,抗扭刚度的退化速率明显快于抗弯刚度的退化速率,增大型钢含钢率和配筋率可延缓SRC柱的刚度退化;SRC柱的抗弯耗能能力优于抗扭耗能能力,扭转延性大于弯曲延性;与方形截面相比,矩形截面具有更好的扭转变形能力;在工字钢翼缘上焊接栓钉可有效提高SRC柱的抗震性能;根据现行规范和试验数据,提出SRC柱构造设计的相关建议和扭转耗能退化的经验公式。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙拉弯受力性能试验和模拟

完成了4个剪跨比为2.0的钢筋混凝土(RC)墙在恒定轴拉力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验,研究了RC剪力墙在拉弯受力下的破坏模式、滞回性能、承载力、刚度、变形能力和耗能等。试验结果表明:RC墙试件出现了两种破坏模式,包括弯曲-滑移破坏(竖向钢筋平均拉应力比n_s=0.23~0.63)和弯曲破坏(n_s=0.91);轴拉力显著降低了RC墙的抗侧承载力、刚度和耗能能力,试件HSW4(n_s=0.91)的承载力比试件HSW1(n_s=0.23)的低41%;RC墙试件的极限位移角为1.3%~1.6%,大于GB 50010?2010规定的弹塑性位移角限值1/100。采用实测裂缝宽度和Vecchio-Collins公式计算了沿贯通裂面的抗滑移承载力退化曲线,揭示了试件弯曲-滑移破坏机理。采用有限元软件VecTor2建立了RC剪力墙拉弯受力分析的数值模型,分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,能准确预测试件的破坏模式、刚度和承载力。     

可恢复功能的门式钢桥墩根部耗能墩柱受力机理研究

为研究新型门式钢桥墩的抗震性能,探讨了设置可更换低屈服点加劲耗能壁板的箱形钢墩柱受到反复轴向拉压作用的受力机理。采用ANSYS有限元软件,建立了设置无加劲肋和3种不同加劲肋类型的箱形钢墩柱数值模型。对比分析数值模拟结果与轴压试验测试结果,两者吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。在此基础上,通过对比反复轴向拉压下数值分析试件的骨架曲线、位移延性系数及滞回耗能能力,探讨了低屈服点钢板的高度、宽度及厚度、加劲肋的厚度、宽度及数量等因素对箱形耗能钢墩柱受力性能的影响。研究结果表明:反复轴向拉压作用下,设置加劲肋后箱形钢墩柱的承载力增大;设置十字形加劲肋或井字形加劲肋能增大箱型钢墩柱的延性和耗能能力。     

自复位钢框架-蝴蝶形钢板剪力墙体系两层结构抗震试验研究

为了研究蝴蝶形钢板剪力墙-自复位结构体系的抗震性能,对7个两层单跨1/2缩尺蝴蝶形钢板的自复位钢框架试件进行了低周反复荷载试验。根据试验结果着重分析了蝴蝶形钢板的高厚比、高宽比和蝴蝶杆层数以及试件的初始预应力等参数对试件的承载力、滞回性能、耗能能力和复位效果等性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着钢板的高厚比和高宽比的减小,试件的承载力和耗能能力增大,但残余变形随着高厚比减小而增加,且几乎不受高宽比的影响;蝴蝶杆层数越多,试件的承载力和残余变形越大,前期耗能越迅速,但最终耗能量相同;初始预应力越大,试件的承载力越大,耗能能力越弱,残余变形越小。     

设置耗能壳板的高强钢圆管桥墩轴压试验研究

为探讨设置耗能壳板的新型高强钢圆管桥墩的受力机理,对4组共8个新型Q460高强钢圆管桥墩试件开展相应的轴压试验研究,获得各试件破坏的荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线。通过对比分析轴压作用下试件的破坏模式、承载能力、延性性能等力学特征,探讨设置耗能壳板后高强钢圆管桥墩承载能力和变形性能的变化规律。试验结果表明,新型高强钢圆管桥墩试件的轴压破坏可分为根部“象脚式”破坏、高强螺栓被剪断、上下端部“压扁式”破坏三种类型。设置耗能部件后,轴向荷载作用下高强钢圆管桥墩的承载能力和延性性能均有提高,尤其是构件承载能力提高效果更为显著。低屈服点耗能钢板的强度和厚度对试件的承载能力均有影响,随着低屈服点钢板强度和厚度的提高,试件的轴压承载能力随之提高;且低屈服点钢板厚度对试件轴压承载力的影响更显著。     

The damage tolerance of GRP laminates under biaxial prestress

The damage tolerance of E-Glass reinforced/polyester laminated plates subjected to a low velocity impact while under an in-plane prestress is investigated. Prior to test, the plates are subjected to either uniaxial or biaxial loading by means of a specially designed test rig which enables independent tension/tension, tension/compression or compression/ compression testing in all stress/strain quadrants. Impact tests are carried out for a single strike energy for a comprehensive range of pre-strains. Absorbed energy, damage area, peak impact loads and the maximum permanent indentation depth are assessed in characterising the resulting damage.

It is shown that the shape, orientation and size of the damage zone is strongly influenced by the nature and magnitude of the pre-strain. Impact specimens subject to shear loading give rise to the largest increase in damage area when compared to unstressed plates.     

Effects of Environment and Open Hole on the Mechanical Performance for Composite Laminate Plates

As composites are increasingly used in aircraft,composites-based the primary-load bearing structures were gradually considered for wide application. However,to determine worst case of the primary-load bearing structures of composites is quite necessary. In this paper,to reveal the effects on the mechanical performance of composite laminate plates were made,respectively by open holes and different environments. Firstly,we obtained the benchmark of composite plates by conducting tension and compression of room temperature and dry air( RTD),tension of cold temperature and dry air( CTD),and compression of elevated temperature and wet( ETW). Then opened circle holes were introduced into composite plates to know the influence of holes. Finally,CTD and ETW environment were respectively investigated to composite plate with holes being under tension and compression loads. As shown by experimental results,open-holes decreased tension and compression mechanical performance 42% and 46% respectively,and ETW environment have 17% and 23% decreasing influence on the compression mechanical performance of composite plate and plate with holes. Furthermore,the compression damage mechanism of composite plates and plates with holes are fiber compressing-shearing fracture after fiber buckling.     

Influence of a central straight crack on the buckling behaviour of thin plates under tension,compression or shear loading

Thin-walled structural components, such as plates and shells, are used in several aerospace, naval, nuclear power plant, pressure vessels, mechanical and civil structures. Due to their high slenderness, the safety assessment of such structural components requires to carefully assess the buckling collapse which can strongly limit their bearing capacity. For very thin plate, buckling collapse can occur under shear, compression or even under tension. In the latter case, fracture or plastic failure can also take place instead of elastic instability. In the present paper, the effects of a central straight crack on the buckling collapse of rectangular elastic thin-plates—characterized by different boundary conditions, crack length and orientation—under compression, tension or shear loading are analysed. Accurate FE numerical parametric analyses have been performed to get the critical load multipliers in such loading cases. Moreover the effect of crack faces contact is examined and discussed. Some useful conclusions related to the sensitivity to cracks of the buckling loads for thin plates, especially in the case of shear stresses, are drawn. Cracked plates under tension are finally considered in order to determine the most probable collapse mechanism among fracture, plastic flow or buckling and some failure-type maps are determined.     

新型钢桁架连梁的抗震性能试验研究

通过对8个钢组合桁架连梁的伪静力试验,初步了解了组合连梁的破坏特点、抗剪承载力、变形能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能、刚度退化以及适宜采用的桁架形式等。试验结果表明：在地震作用下,设交叉腹杆桁架比无交叉腹杆的桁架连梁有更大的抗剪承载力、更好的延性和耗能能力;较小跨高比、较大刚度的试件表现出在承载能力方面具有相对优势;试验连梁试件根部节点采用预埋钢板或弦杆直接埋入这两种设计方案均可行,便于施工维修。钢桁架连梁具有抗震所需的高延性和良好塑性耗能能力     

普通钢板墙柱型剪切耗能装置抗震性能研究

提出了一种上、下由普通钢板焊接的刚度较大的约束板、中部核心耗能区段由退火热处理后的普通钢板制作的墙柱型剪切耗能装置。完成了不同加劲肋方式的8个足尺试件的拟静力试验,并从滞回曲线、承载力、延性等方面分析耗能装置的抗震性能。研究表明:该装置具有初始刚度大、承载力高和耗能性能优良等特点;改变中间耗能区段上的加劲肋方式和尺寸,有助于改善钢板剪力墙的承载力和刚度,延缓并减轻滞回曲线中的“捏缩效应”;当耗能装置丧失承载力,大多会出现中部耗能区段的局部小区格内钢板疲劳开裂、中部耗能板整体出现面外屈曲失稳、板角焊缝被撕裂等现象。     

HPFL加固负载下有震损RC圆柱抗震性能的有限元分析

基于采用高性能水泥复合砂浆钢筋网薄层(HPFL)加固4根钢筋混凝土足尺圆柱在不变轴力和周期水平荷载作用下抗震性能的试验研究结果,该文对试件进行了数值模拟分析,研究被加固柱的抗震承载力、延性、刚度、耗能能力等的性能特征。同时,还提出了可用于负载下有震损RC柱的加固方法和该类结构的抗弯承载力简化计算方法。在此基础上,利用新加固方法和有限元分析手段,研究影响负载下有震损RC柱抗震性能的主要因素,包括轴压比、剪跨比、横向网筋配箍率和配筋形式,研究表明:有限元模拟值、理论值和试验值吻合良好;采用HPFL加固后,构件的承载力、延性、耗能能力均有明显改善,刚度的退化速率明显减小,加固层纵筋锚入基座后,抗震性能的提升改善更加优越;随着轴压比的增加,承载力有较大的增长,延性发挥不足;剪跨比增大时,试件的承载力和延性降低;负载级差越大,后期变形能力明显越弱;采取螺旋配筋形式与采取环形配筋形式相比,两者初始刚度相当,前者延性更好,后者承载能力更高。     

Energy dissipation capacity of fibre reinforced concrete under biaxial tension–compression load. Part I: Test equipment and work of fracture

The objective of this research was to analyse the differences in the dissipated energy under uniaxial tension and biaxial tension–compression load of fibre reinforced concretes using the Wedge Splitting Test. Under biaxial load the specimens were subjected to compressive stress ratios from 10% to 50% of the concrete compressive strength perpendicular to the direction of the tensile load.Under biaxial tension–compression load the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens decreases compared to the uniaxial tension load case on average 20–30%. It is believed that the decrease is a result of the damage mechanism of the concrete matrix and deterioration of the fibre–matrix and/or aggregate–cement paste interfaces in case the section is additionally loaded with compression stresses. This indicates that dimensioning of concrete elements under biaxial stress states using material parameters obtained from tests conducted on specimens under uniaxial tensile load is unsafe and could potentially lead to a non-conservative design.In the second part of this paper the extent of the fracture process zone under uniaxial tension and biaxial tension–compression load will be examined with the Acoustic Emission technique and the reasons for decrease of the energy dissipation capacity under biaxial load will be further discussed.