基于云理论与LS-SVM的刀具磨损识别方法

针对刀具磨损过程中产生声发射信号的不确定性以及神经网络学习算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小值、对特征要求较高等问题,提出了基于云理论和最小二乘支持向量机的刀具磨损状态识别方法。首先,对声发射信号进行小波包分解与重构,滤除干扰频段对求取特征参数的影响;其次,对重构后的信号利用逆向云算法提取云特征参数:期望、熵、超熵,分析刀具磨损声发射信号的云特性及磨损状态与云特征参数之间的关系;最后,将云特征参数组成特征向量送入最小二乘支持向量机进行识别。研究结果表明:所提取的特征可以很好地反映刀具的磨损状态,云-支持向量机方法可以有效地实现刀具磨损状态的识别,与传统神经网络识别方法相比具有更高的识别率,识别率达到96.67%。     

频带能量特征法在声发射刀具磨损监测系统中的应用

基于对声发射(AE)信号特点的分析和小波包分解理论对不平稳信号特征提取的优势,提出一种利用AE信号的能量变化来监测刀具磨损状态的方法。该方法利用db8小波基对AE信号进行5层小波包分解,将分解后各频带上的能量值作为特征参数,并组成特征向量。分别提取在新刀和刀具磨损状态下的特征向量,根据其变化即可判别刀具磨损的程度。试验结果验证了该方法在刀具磨损判析中的可用性。     

基于人工蜂群-BP神经网络的刀具磨损监测

为了提高刀具磨损状态监测准确度,提出基于人工蜂群-BP神经网络算法的刀具磨损状态监测方法。使用力传感器和振动传感器设计了磨损状态监测平台;使用匹配追踪算法对信号进行了去噪;提取了信号时域、频域、时频域的特征参数,使用核主成分分析法对特征参数进行了降维,确定了反应刀具磨损状态的15个特征参数;提出了人工蜂群-BP神经网络算法的刀具磨损状态识别方法,使用人工蜂群算法优化BP神经网络算法参数;经实验验证,传统BP神经网络识别准确率为78.75%,优化BP神经网络算法识别准确率为100%。     

基于主轴电流信号多特征融合的刀具磨损状态监测

为实现在正常生产条件下进行刀具磨损的长期在线监测,提出了基于主轴电流信号和粒子群优化支持向量机模型(PSO-SVM)的刀具磨损状态间接监测方法。首先对数控机床主轴电机电流信号进行分析,将与刀具磨损相关的主轴电流信号多个特征参数和EMD能量熵进行特征融合作为输入特征向量;其次,通过粒子群寻优算法(PSO)对支持向量机模型(SVM)参数进行优化,建立基于主轴电流信号融合特征和PSO-SVM理论的刀具磨损状态识别模型;最后,通过实验采集某立式加工中心主轴在刀具不同磨损状态下电流信号进行验证,并与传统SVM模型、BP神经网络模型进行了对比分析。结果表明,所提出的方法具有较高的准确率和较好的泛化能力。能够实现正常生产条件下对刀具磨损的长期在线监测。     

刀具磨损声发射信号处理中小波基选取的研究

通过对小波基性质和刀具磨损声发射（AE）信号特点的研究,从理论上分析了小波变换中刀具磨损AE信号处理中小波基选取的方法。在试验验证过程中,根据小波包信号分解遵循能量守恒原理,用四种小波基对刀具磨损AE信号进行三层小波包分解;以AE信号经小波包分解后各频带上的能量为特征参数,比较四种情况下特征参数的变化,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

数控机床刀具磨损的振动监测法

在分析小波理论及BP神经网络的基础上,进行了刀具磨损试验研究。在时频域对刀具磨损状态的特征信号进行提取和分析,获得了反映刀具磨损状态的特征信号。将此刀具磨损特征量作为BP神经网络的输入样本对网络进行学习训练,完成对刀具磨损状态的有效识别。实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

基于振动信号的铣刀磨损状态识别

刀具磨损状态的变化是自动化加工中最为常见的影响因素,对刀具磨损状态的有效识别能够保证自动化生产的顺利进行.从铣削加工的振动信号中,可以获取刀具磨损状态的信息.基于小波理论,通过分解提取的振动信号,并分析频带内振动信号幅值的变化,就能够确定刀具磨损的状态.对铣削平面和斜面进行了实验分析,证明该种方法能够实现铣削加工过程中刀具磨损状态的有效识别.     

基于小波分析和神经网络的刀具磨损预测

提出一种基于多分辨率小波分析和BP神经网络的刀具磨损预测方法,采用多分辨率小波分析刀具不同磨损状态的切削力信号,提取其中增幅最大两个尺度上细节信号的能量和均方差作为BP神经网络的输入,通过自我识别法确定BP神经网络的最佳隐含层神经元数目,利用预先训练好的BP神经网络对刀具磨损状态进行预测。该方法能够建立刀具磨损状态与切削条件参数之间复杂的非线性函数关系,可实现一定切削条件下的刀具磨损状态预测。     

刀具磨损过程中的切削力特征研究

在相同的工件材料、刀具材料、切削参数和不同的刀具磨损状态下,从时域角度分析了刀具磨损状态对三向稳态切削力的影响,从频域角度利用FFT分析、功率谱分析等工具研究刀具磨损状态对动态切削力的影响情况,并对影响的机理进行讨论。分析结果表明刀具磨损状态迫使受动态力的刀具弯曲振动频率幅值和局部频率能量增大。     

HMM技术在数控镗刀状态监测中的应用

通过对声发射传感器采集的刀具磨损状态信号进行分析,提取出反映刀具磨损状态的特征向量MFCC系数及差分系数,然后利用HMM进行信号处理。建立了检测镗刀刀具状态的监测系统。实验结果表明,该监测系统在刀具的正常磨损阶段,可以实现刀具大致磨损量的预报;在刀具破损或损坏情况下,能够及时监测和预报刀具损坏状态。这种监测方法能够进行实时在线监测,为刀具的磨损监测提供了一条切实可行的途径。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.