An Intelligent Vertical Handover Scheme for Audio and Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

In heterogeneous vehicular networks, the most challenging issue is obtaining an efficient vertical handover during the vehicle roaming process. Efficient network selection process can achieve satisfactory Quality-of-Service for ongoing applications. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Network Selection (INS) scheme based on maximization scoring function to efficiently rank available wireless network candidates. Three input parameters were utilized to develop a maximization scoring function that collected data from each network candidate during the selection process. These parameters are: Faded Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Residual Channel Capacity, and Connection Life Time. The results show that the proposed INS scheme is more efficient at decreasing handover delays, End-to-End delays for VoIP and Video applications, packet loss ratios as well as increasing the efficiency of network selection processes in comparison with the state of the arts.     

UMTS-WLAN垂直切换优化策略

随着移动Internet用户对IP业务宽带无线接入需求的急剧增长，通用移动通信系统（UMTS）和无线局域网（WLAN）的融合已成为亟需解决的问题．文章结合移动IPv6快速切换与基于隧道的快速切换技术，提出一种基于双向边隧道的优化策略，来实现UMTS-WLAN两种接入网络之间的无缝垂直切换．利用MN的旧转交地址截获并缓存由CN送往MN的数据分组，然后通过在旧接入路由和目标网络接入路由间预先建立的双向边隧道将分组重定向到新的网络。     

适用于NGEO卫星网络的无缝切换传输技术研究(英文)

This paper presents a seamless transmission technique for Non-Geostationary Earth Orbit(NGEO) satellite networks.The seamless transmission technique combines the concept of Hop-by-Hop and network coding to alleviate the negative impacts of handovers,high bit error rate,and long delay,and to achieve high throughput and complete delivery in NGEO satellite networks.This network coding algorithm is able to maintain expected small queue size and low decoding latency.Furthermore,the seamless transmission techniqu...     

地铁站移动通信实现无缝垂直切换的方法

下一代网络的发展是为用户提供无处不在的移动通信网络,使用户对其定制业务的体验始终如一,这就需要为用户提供不同网络之间尽可能小的切换时延。文中采用OPNET Modeler仿真软件,对紧耦合结构下通用移动通信系统（UMTS）到无线局域网（WLAN）的切换协议进行仿真。以地铁站为场景,设计考虑通用移动通信系统（UMTS）与无线局域网（WLAN）间的切换,对比紧耦合结构与松耦合结构下的切换时延,说明网络结构的耦合度越高,切换的时延就越小。     

A Proxy MIPv6 Handover Scheme for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

With the rapid growth in the number of mobile devices, such as cellular phones, PDAs and laptops, the need for seamless and ubiquitous Internet connectivity is tangible. Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a rapidly developing technology, which makes vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication feasible. However, when a vehicle travels from one point of attachment to another, handoff delays and provision of seamless connectivity are considered as important issues. Ubiquitous and integrated Internet connectivity can be achieved if on road moving vehicles are connected. However, when vehicle density is small and/or vehicle velocities are different, end users may suffer from a high level of connection failure. IP mobility protocols are designed by Internet Engineering Task Force to provide acceptable levels of continuous Internet connectivity, maintaining mobile node communications as they travel amongst points of attachments. However, the current IP mobility approaches applied on VANET did not resolve the connection failure issues efficiently. Therefore, in this paper a new effective solution is proposed in order to eliminate the large amount of handover latency and eventually high packet loss ratio.     

一种新的隐私保护型车载网络切换认证协议

该文针对现有车载网络切换认证协议存在的安全性、隐私等方面的不足,在LIAP协议的基础上提出改进方案。首先将随机数与伪标识串联,再用二次模运算对串联的信息进行加密,以生成动态身份标识保护用户位置隐私;与此同时,在移动终端切换过程中,新路侧单元重新生成新会话秘密序列,并与终端伪标识进行异或加密,对LIAP协议中存在的平行会话攻击进行安全防护。理论分析及实验表明,改进协议不仅满足终端匿名性和抵御各种攻击的安全需求,也实现了较快的切换速度,与同类切换认证协议相比,实用中具明显优越性。     

A Mobility Handover Scheme for IPv6-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

The paper proposes a mobility handover scheme MHVA for IPv6-based vehicular ad hoc networks. In MHVA, a vehicle is uniquely identified by its home IPv6 address, and it can keep the communication with other nodes without a care-of address during the mobility process. In addition, MHVA adopts an advanced mobility handover mechanism where the mobility handover operation in the network layer is completed before the one in the link layer is performed. As a result, during the advanced mobility handover process, a vehicle can keep the connection with its current associated AP in the link layer, so it can receive the data forwarded by the AP. Therefore, the packet loss rate is reduced, the mobility handover cost is decreased, and the mobility handover delay is shortened. From both the theoretical perspective and simulative perspective, the performance parameters of MHVA are evaluated, and the data results show that the mobility handover cost of MHVA is lower and the mobility handover delay is shorter.     

Fast Handover Mechanism for Seamless Multicasting Services in Mobile IPv6 Wireless Networks

This paper proposes a fast handover mechanism to provide a seamless multicast service for Mobile IPv6 hosts. With the proposed Fast handover based on a Mobile IP-Multi casting (FMIP-M) protocol, the selection of a new multicast service method, service preparation, and initialization procedures are all performed during the fast handover period, thereby enabling a reliable and efficient multicast service. When mobile hosts move to other networks, they can encounter data loss, out-of-synch problems for multicast data, and multicast service exchange latency. Therefore, the proposed FMIP-M allows the new access router to select a suitable multicast service method according to the multicast service-related network conditions and supports a reliable multicast transmission by compensating for data losses from the previous access router. An analysis is conducted of the overheads associated with a fast multicast handover, including the signaling cost and multicast packet-forwarding cost, where the costs are formulated based on timing diagrams, and compared with a fast handover using Mobile IPv6. The performance analysis and numerical results confirm that the proposed FMIP-M provides a fast multicast handover and reliable service with a relatively small signaling cost and packet-delivery cost.     

车辆网络多平台卸载智能资源分配算法

为了降低计算任务的时延和系统的成本,移动边缘计算(MEC)被用于车辆网络,以进一步改善车辆服务。该文在考虑计算资源的情况下对车辆网络时延问题进行研究,提出一种多平台卸载智能资源分配算法,对计算资源进行分配,以提高下一代车辆网络的性能。该算法首先使用K临近(KNN)算法对计算任务的卸载平台(云计算、移动边缘计算、本地计算)进行选择,然后在考虑非本地计算资源分配和系统复杂性的情况下,使用强化学习方法,以有效解决使用移动边缘计算的车辆网络中的资源分配问题。仿真结果表明,与任务全部卸载到本地或MEC服务器等基准算法相比,提出的多平台卸载智能资源分配算法实现了时延成本的显著降低,平均可节省系统总成本达80%。

     

Performance Analysis for Large Intelligent Surface Assisted Vehicular Networks

Large intelligent surface(LIS)is considered as a new solution to enhance the performance of wireless networks[1].LIS comprises low-cost passive elements which can be well controlled.In this paper,a LIS is invoked in the vehicular networks.We analyze the system performance under Weibull fading.We derive a novel exact analytical expression for outage probability in closed form.Based on the analytical result,we discuss three special scenarios including high SNR case,low SNR case,as well as weak interference case.The corresponding approximations for three cases are provided,respectively.In order to gain more insights,we obtain the diversity order of outage probability and it is proved that the outage probability at high SNR depends on the interference,threshold and fading parameters which leads to 0 diversity order.Furthermore,we investigate the ergodic achievable rate of LIS-assisted vehicular networks and present the closed-form tight bounds.Similar to the outage performance,three special cases are studied and the asymptotic expressions are provided in simple forms.A rate ceiling is shown for high SNRs due to the existence of interference which results 0 high SNR slope.Finally,we give the energy efficiency of LIS-assisted vehicular network.Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of our analysis.It is evident that the performance of LIS-assisted vehicular networks with optimal phase shift scheme exceeds that of traditional vehicular networks and random phase Received:Aug.6,2020 Revised:Nov.17,2020 Editor:Caijun Zhong shift scheme significantly.     

CDMA2000 Ev-Do与WLAN的无缝融合与垂直切换

异构网络无缝融合是未来网络发展的趋势,异构网间的垂直切换则是实现网络无缝融合的关键技术之一。本文针对CDMA2000 Ev-Do网络与WLAN的特点,提出基于移动IP的无缝融合网络结构,并在此基础上提出基于WLAN信号强度的垂直切换方法。     

QoS Analysis in Overlay Bluetooth-WiFi Networks with Profile-Based Vertical Handover

The performance of an overlay Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b (WiFi) network is considered in terms of quality of service parameters such as the packet latency, the packet error rate, and the throughput, in the presence of a vertical handover procedure, taking into account the mutual Bluetooth-WiFi interference and showing the influence of the main system parameters. The objective is to maximize the user QoS allowing the mobile to switch from a network to the other, with the so-called vertical handover. The basic idea is to activate the vertical handover, not on the basis of the received power level, but by the crossing of thresholds defined by the user profile, which comprises objective values for parameters such as the packet error rate and the packet delay. The results show that the use of the vertical handover procedure can lead to an improvement in the QoS parameters     

An Intelligent Scheme for Slot Reservation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc network is a solution for increasing road traffic demand.Non-safety messages are sent during the service channel interval.The slots during whic...     

A Real-Time Multi-Vehicle Tracking Framework in Intelligent Vehicular Networks

In this paper,we provide a new approach for intelligent traffic transportation in the intelligent vehicular networks,which aims at collecting the ve-hicles'loca...     

Interoperability in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Using FIS-ENN Vertical Handover Model

Wireless network system aims to provide dedicated links to the users for improving the quality of services. Particularly in heterogeneous network seamless connectivity is the important requirement for the users utilizing multimedia services. Vertical handover (VH) mechanism provides uninterrupted service to the users in a multiple wireless network region by selecting the best available network. Unlike horizontal handover (one base station to another or nearby access point) VH chooses the wireless access technologies (Wi-Fi to 4G). To improve the QoS of VH model the decision phase needs efficient metrics for providing excellent service. In general a fuzzy based operating model is most suitable for decision making and to implement a seamless handover, neural network is used in the proposed research work. An experimental result describes the best decision making module by comparing the proposed hybrid model with existing models.

     

A Robust Seamless Handover Scheme for the Support of Multimedia Services in Heterogeneous Emerging Wireless Networks

With the rapid development of wireless technologies and numerous types of mobile devices, the need to support seamless multimedia services in Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing (MUC) is growing. To support the seamless handover, several mobility protocols such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) (Johnson et al., Mobility Support in IPv6, IETF, RFC 3775, 2004) and fast handover for the MIPv6 (FMIPv6) (Koodli et al. Past handovers for mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), IETF, RFC 4068, 2005) were developed. However, MIPv6 depreciates the Quality-of-Service (QoS) especially in multimedia service applications because of the long handover latency and packet loss problem. To solve these problems in the MIPv6, FMIPv6 is proposed in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). However, FMIPv6 is not robust for the multimedia services in heterogeneous emerging wireless networks when the MN may move to another visited network in contrast with its anticipation. In MUC, the possibility of service failure is more increased because mobile users can frequently change the access networks according to their mobility in heterogeneous wireless access networks such as 3Generation (3G), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) and Bluetooth co-existed. In this paper, we propose a robust seamless handover scheme for the multimedia services in heterogeneous emerging wireless networks. The proposed scheme reduces the handover latency and handover initiation time when handover may fail through the management of tentative Care-of Addresses (CoAs) that does not require Duplicate Address Detection (DAD). Through performance evaluation, we show that our scheme provides more robust handover mechanism than other scheme such as FMIPv6 for the multimedia services in heterogeneous emerging wireless networks.     

基于双向匹配模型的异构网络垂直切换算法

针对当前垂直切换判决算法存在的单一性,即切换判决时以用户或网络单方面为中心,没有充分考虑两者对切换判决的综合影响,导致垂直切换性能不佳的问题,该文提出一种基于双向匹配模型的垂直切换算法。该算法的主要思想是：首先分别以用户和网络为中心,设计各自的评估模型,用于评估双方对彼此的偏好顺序,并建立相应的排序值矩阵;其次利用排序值信息,基于一对多双向匹配模型对用户侧和网络侧的双向匹配行为进行建模和求解,以获得最优匹配解;最后根据最优匹配结果,进行垂直切换。仿真表明,该文设计的评估模型是合理的,并且所提出的算法能较好地兼顾用户侧的高性价比需求和网络侧的低阻塞率需求。     

基于车辆行为分析的智能车联网关键技术研究

车联网通信系统中通信节点的高移动性、移动行为的复杂性,使得此场景下通信业务呈现数据实时交互性强、空时分布不均、尺度多变、规律复杂的特征,导致传统的车联网网络部署、资源调配难以有效满足用户的差异化服务质量需求。因此,迫切需要设计“车-人-路-云”泛在互联的智能异构车联网网络,通过充分挖掘车辆行为数据的潜在价值,精准预测、刻画车辆行为的空时分布特性,以提升车联网资源利用率、改善车联网服务性能。该文全面梳理了国内外在车辆行为分析、网络部署与接入以及资源优化方面的相关工作,重点阐述了智能车联网关键使能技术,即如何借助先进的人工智能、数据分析技术,探索车联网中车辆行为的空时分布特性,建立车辆行为预测模型,进行智能化网络部署与多网接入、动态资源优化管理,实现高容量、高效率的智能车联网通信。     

Vertical Handover Solutions Over LTE-Advanced Wireless Networks: An Overview

The convergence of multitude radio access networks forming a cluster of seamless heterogeneous wireless environment has made the wireless communication industry meet the paradigm of always best connected, where various mobile devices are able to access numerous types of applications and services. However, achieving such landmarks could not be possible without difficulties which this paper tries to highlight some of the technical challenges underlying seamless vertical handover. It provides a general overview of the mobility management process including a brief on multi-homing mobility protocol and focuses on vertical handover decision making techniques, hi ghlighting some radio interface standar and analysed some handover approaches. The paper proposes fast intelligent inter-layer network selection as a new handover approach to select the best network among the candidate networks, where Quality of Service, handover delay and improved data bit rates are set to be achieved.