聚氨酯/聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-共-二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯)互穿聚合物网络改性废胶粉体系的力学性能

制备了聚氨酯/聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-共-二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯)改性废胶粉混合体系,并对体系进行了力学性能测试。结果表明:当过氧化二苯甲酰含量为0.3%～0.5%(质量分数,下同)、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为2%、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为60%、废胶粉粒径为180～250μm、渗透时间为30 min时,体系的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、永久变形率和硬度最佳,显著优于无公共网络的聚氨酯/废胶粉混合体系。     

力化学再生胶的制备及其结构和形貌

以废旧橡胶粉为原料,制备了力化学再生胶,通过研究活化再生温度、时间以及剪切温度对再生胶中凝胶含量的影响,得到了最佳的再生工艺条件,并对废旧橡胶粉和再生胶的重均相对分子质量、氧硫元素含量、表观形貌及热分析曲线进行了分析。结果表明:最佳的力化学再生工艺条件为温度220℃、时间2.5h、剪切温度70℃;力化学法主要破坏硫交联键,能在较大程度上保持橡胶主链的完整;与废胶粉相比,力化学再生胶表面氧元素的质量分数由23.62%增至26.89%,硫元素的质量分数由1.37%降至1.07%;力化学再生胶的表面形貌极不规整,且呈相互粘结的塑性状态,其热稳定性弱于废胶粉的。     

组装改性碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用十八烷基磷酸酯对碳纤维表面进行组装改性,用红外光谱仪对改性前后的碳纤维进行表征,并测量其静态接触角;研究组装改性碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料的摩擦学性能。结果表明：纯十八烷基磷酸酯组装改性的碳纤维粉体接触角高达120°,展现强疏水性;干摩擦条件下,组装改性碳纤维增强复合材料磨损率表现出先降低后升高的趋势,碳纤维质量分数为10%时磨损率和摩擦因数均达到最低,并且纯十八烷基磷酸酯改性效果最好,改性后的复合材料磨损面光滑,耐磨性能明显提高。     

水润滑条件下聚丙烯/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

针对2种有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT,TJ-2型和KH-V6型),研究了熔融插层法制备的聚丙烯(PP)/OMMT纳米复合材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料的磨损表面.结果表明:2种PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随OMMT含量的增加先减小后增加.当TJ-2型OMMT质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为纯PP的88%和48%;当KH-V6型OMMT质量分数为2%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为纯PP的92%和50%.此外,在水介质中,随OMMT填充量的增加,PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的主要磨损形式依次是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

氧化铝复合磨粒的抛光特性研究

为提高氧化铝磨料分散稳定性,利用接枝聚合对氧化铝粒子进行了表面改性,并研究了改性后氧化铝粒子在数字光盘玻璃基片中的化学机械抛光特性。结果表明,氧化铝复合磨粒的抛光性能与其表面接枝率密切相关。接枝率上升,材料去除速率下降;试验条件下,当接枝率为2.93%时,氧化铝磨粒体现出较高的表面平整性、较低的表面粗糙度及较低的表面损伤。     

PP-g-MAH改性SGF+POE/FPP复合材料的制备及性能

采用型内二次发泡工艺制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)共混改性短玻璃纤维+聚烯烃弹性体/发泡聚丙烯(SGF+POE/FPP)复合材料,考察了PP-g-MAH的含量对复合材料的泡孔形貌、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH的加入没有改变复合材料中的泡孔形貌,但改善了发泡效果,泡孔密度的增幅超过60%,且孔径分布均匀;SGF与基体间的界面结合得到增强,该复合材料的抗弯和抗压强度分别在PP-g-MAH的质量分数为5%和8%时达到最大值,而冲击韧度则随PP-g-MAH含量的增加逐步下降。     

碱处理剑麻纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

选用氢氧化钠溶液对剑麻纤维(SF)进行表面改性,采用注塑成型的方法制备SF/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,借助扫描电镜(SEM)观察碱处理效果及剑麻纤维在聚丙烯基体中的分散性,通过力学性能和摩擦磨损性能测试研究不同含量SF对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:氢氧化钠质量分数为10%时可获得最佳的纤维处理效果,但仅用碱处理未在纤维与基体之间形成有效的化学结合。随着SF含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量增加,摩擦因数和磨损率下降,SF质量分数为20%时拉伸强度和弹性模量达到最大值,SF质量分数为10%时摩擦因数和磨损率达到最小值。     

高速剪切对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料导电性能的影响

为提高碳纳米管在复合材料中的分散性,利用高速剪切分散工艺将碳纳米管分散于环氧树脂基体中制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了剪切时间和碳纳米管加入量对复合材料导电性能的影响.结果表明:剪切速率一定时,复合材料表面电阻率随剪切时间的增加而降低,但当剪切时间超过10min,对导电性能的影响不再明显;随着碳纳米管加入量的增加,复合材料导电性能提高,当碳纳米管的质量分数高于10%时,导电性能的变化趋于平缓.     

稀土改性剂对玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料力学性能的影响

为提高复合材料的性能,采用稀土改性剂对玻璃纤维进行表面处理,研究了改性剂中稀土含量对玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,并与硅烷偶联剂SG-Si900的改性效果进行了对比;用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料拉伸试样断口进行了分析。结果表明:与硅烷偶联剂相比,稀土改性剂能有效改善玻璃纤维与不饱和聚酯的界面结合强度,从而提高复合材料的力学性能;经稀土改性剂处理复合材料的力学性能随稀土含量的增加先升后降,当稀土质量分数为0.3%时,最大拉伸和弯曲载荷最高,分别比硅烷偶联剂处理的提高了21%和26%。     

低含量磷片石墨填充改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

为了改善聚四氟乙烯高磨耗的缺点,通过冷压烧结成型工艺制备4种低含量鳞片石墨填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,探究其在较高载荷(0.8 MPa)及不同转速下的摩擦磨损情况。采用三维视频显微镜观察样品的表面磨痕深度,借助扫描电镜观察摩擦表面形貌并分析磨损机制。结果表明:在较高载荷下石墨填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数和体积磨损率都较纯PTFE有一定程度的降低;且当石墨填充质量分数为5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和体积磨损率降到最低,在载荷为0.8 MPa、转速为80 r/min时较纯PTFE分别降低了19.7%和84.25%;在较高载荷下,随着石墨含量的增大,复合材料的磨损机制逐渐由犁耕磨损向黏着磨损转变,且当石墨质量分数为10%时,出现轻微的疲劳磨损。     

Effect of Aramid Pulp and Lapinas Fiber on the Friction and Wear Behavior of NBR Powder–Modified Phenolic Resin Composite

Short fiber reinforcement plays a definite role in governing the performance of a composite through the improvement of different material properties. The present investigation deals with the effect of aramid pulp and lapinas fiber on the friction and wear characteristics of a composite made from phenolic resin modified by powdered acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) on a pin-on-disc tribometer. Four composites, containing 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% of aramid pulp with respect to phenolic resin content, were prepared. Another four composites, containing 50, 100, 200, and 300 wt% of lapinas fiber with respect to phenolic resin content, were also made. It was found that the two different fibers have distinctly different contributions to the friction and wear properties of the composites. It was also found that the incorporation of aramid pulp enhances friction stability of the composites much better than that of lapinas fiber. The change in surface morphology of these composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the friction test. SEM images of friction samples containing aramid pulp corroborated the occurrence of wear through an adhesive wear mechanism, whereas the lapinas fiber–containing composites showed an abrasive wear mechanism.     

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Spark Plasma–Sintered Titanium Composites Filled with Different Al-Cr-Fe Quasicrystal Contents

A new type of Ti composite filled with Al-Cr-Fe quasicrystals (QCs) was developed via a spark plasma sintering process. The mechanical and tribological properties of the Ti/QC composites were systematically investigated. It was found that the hardness of the Ti/QC composites significantly increased with increased QC content due to the higher hardness of incorporated QCs than that of the Ti matrix. The tribological results clearly showed that the wear of the Ti/QC composites apparently decreased with increased QC content to 20 wt% as a result of the increased wear resistance of the composites. An excessive loading of 30 wt% QCs resulted in the decreased wear resistance of the Ti/QC composites. It could be concluded that the incorporation of QCs significantly improved the mechanical and tribological properties of the Ti/QC composites with an optimized QC content of 20 wt%.     

不同维度碳纳米材料对水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

以碳纳米管(MWNT)、多层石墨烯(MLG)和纳米石墨(NG)为填料,采用溶液共混法制备3种不同维度碳纳米材料改性的丁腈橡胶基复合材料试样。在水润滑及重载工况下对3种材料进行摩擦磨损试验,结合摩擦因数、表面形貌和磨损量等参数的测试对材料的摩擦学性能进行比较,通过SEM电镜表征,揭示不同维度碳纳米填料的作用机制。结果表明:碳纳米材料的加入能够明显降低丁腈橡胶材料低速下的摩擦因数,提高其抗磨性能,其中三维结构纳米石墨的改性效果最优。3种碳纳米填料的作用机制分别为:一维碳纳米管因长径比大,易与橡胶分子形成物理交联点,并且起到微轴承作用;二维石墨烯易于脱落转移形成良好的固体润滑膜来改善摩擦磨损性能;三维纳米石墨由于颗粒的粗糙表面与橡胶基体相互嵌入,能增加黏附力,且能减少界面脱黏现象。     

Tribological Behavior of UHMWPE Reinforced with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

In this article, a series of graphene oxide (GO)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites are successfully fabricated through an optimized toluene-assisted mixing followed by hot-pressing. The mechanical and tribological properties of pure UHMWPE and the GO/UHMWPE composites are investigated using a micro-hardness tester and a high speed reciprocating friction testing machine. Also, the wear surfaces of GO/UHMWPE composites are observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to analyze the tribological behavior of the GO/UHMWPE composites. The results show that, when the content of GO nanosheets is up to 1.0 wt%, both the hardness and wear resistance of the composites are improved significantly, while the friction coefficient increases lightly. After adding GO, the tribological behavior of the GO/UHMWPE composites transforms from fatigue wear to abrasive wear associated with the generation of a transfer layer on the contact surface, which efficiently reduced the wear rate of the GO/UHMWPE composites.     

碳纳米管/聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能

用熔融共混的方法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,观察了其球晶形貌和断面形貌,并研究了不同配比的CNTs/PLA复合材料的结晶性能和水解性能。结果表明:CNTs可以作为异相成核剂提高PLA的结晶速率和结晶度,CNTs质量分数为1%时,复合材料的结晶度达到44.9%,CNTs能够在基体中均匀分散;CNTs质量分数小于1%时,断面呈中间层破形貌;随CNTs含量增多,复合材料的球晶直径变大;CNTs能降低PLA的水解速率。     

Parametric study of the dry sliding wear behaviour of AA6082-T6/SiC and AA6082-T6/B<Subscript>4</Subscript>C composites using RSM

In this paper a parametric study of the wear behaviour of Aluminum matrix composites has been carried out. AA6082-T6/SiC and AA6082-T6/B₄C composites were fabricated using stir casting technique. The percentage of reinforcement was taken as 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% for both SiC and B₄C particulates. Dry sliding wear tests were conducted using pin-on-disc apparatus at room temperature and process optimization was done using Response surface methodology (RSM). Weight percentage (wt.%) of reinforcement, sliding speed, load and sliding distance were the four process parameters considered to analyse these composites wear behaviour. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that sliding distance exerted the highest contribution (60.24 %) to AA6082-T6/SiC wear, followed by sliding speed (14.28 %), load (11.88 %) and reinforcement content (4.31 %). The same trend was found in AA6082-T6/B₄C composites with slightly different contribution values, namely sliding distance (63.28 %), sliding speed (14.02 %), load (10.10 %) and reinforcement content (4.05 %). RSM analysis revealed that increases in the reinforcement content and sliding speed reduce the wear rate in both composites. On the other hand, increases in load and sliding distance led to higher AA6082-T6/SiC and AA6082-T6/B₄C composites wear. The two predictive models were validated by conducting confirmation tests and certified that the developed wear predictive models are accurate and can be used as predictive tools for wear apllications.     

表面改性硅灰石纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能

用KH550硅烷偶联剂表面改性的硅灰石纤维(WF)填充PTFE,在MPX-2000型磨损试验机上研究复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并与经典的炭纤维(CF)填充PTFE复合材料进行比较。采用SEM对磨损面和对偶面进行分析。结果表明:较高载荷(200和300 N)下复合材料摩擦因数随WF含量变化的幅度不大,较稳定地维持在较低值;细小尺寸WF填充PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能较好,在WF质量分数为10%时,复合材料的磨损量只有相同含量CF填充PT-FE复合材料的81%;细小尺寸WF填充PTFE复合材料的磨损面较为平整,存在轻微黏着磨损,其对偶面转移膜平整光滑、结构致密;而CF/PTFE复合材料磨损面存在许多裸露和碎断的CF,犁削和磨粒磨损是主要的磨损形式。     

尼龙帘线增强NR/SBR并用胶基磁敏橡胶的磁流变效应及其力学性能

由于可通过外加磁场来控制磁敏橡胶的刚度和强度,同时可解决磁流变液颗粒沉降、稳定性差的问题,因此磁敏橡胶成为国内外广泛关注的一种新型智能材料。制备了尼龙帘线增强型天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶(natural rubber/styrenebutadiene rubber,NR/SBR)并用胶基磁敏橡胶,采用Zwick/Roell电子拉力机和力磁耦合动态力学分析仪研究其静态力学性能和动态磁流变效应。结果表明,尼龙帘线的加入可以极大地提高磁敏橡胶的抗拉强度,同时也可提高磁敏橡胶的剪切模量和零场剪切储能模量;当加入三层帘线时,其抗拉强度可达到17.8 MPa,零场剪切储能模量为2.87 MPa;但随着尼龙帘线的增多,其磁流变效应则降低。     

旋转控制头密封胶芯性能三维有限元分析与结构优化

为提升带压起下钻过程中旋转控制头胶芯密封性能,基于虚功原理得到动态密封过程的有限元控制方程,并进行橡胶单轴压缩试验确立胶芯变形过程中的Yeoh本构模型;运用ABAQUS试验平台建立胶芯三维有限元模型,通过模拟起下钻过程中胶芯动态密封过程,得出密封面上受力分布规律;研究胶芯内锥角、外锥角、内径等结构参数对密封性能的影响....     

Influence of graphite and machining parameters on the surface roughness of Al-fly ash/graphite hybrid composite: a Taguchi approach

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface roughness of pure commercial Al, Al-15 wt% fly ash, and Al-15 wt% fly ash/1.5 wt% graphite (Gr) composites produced by modified two-step stir casting. The effect of reinforcements and machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness, which greatly influence the performance of the machined product, were analyzed during turning operation. The optimum machining parameters were found in minimizing the surface roughness of the materials by using the Taguchi and ANOVA approach. Results show that the presence of the fly ash particles reduces the surface roughness of composites compared with pure Al. The inclusion of 1.5 wt% Gr in the Al-fly ash composite reduces the surface roughness considerably. A scanning electron microscopy investigation was carried out on the machined surfaces of the tested materials. Confirmation tests were performed to validate the regression models.