规整填料塔气液传质基础理论研究进展

填料塔中气液两相的流体流动与分布、返混、传质问题一直是影响填料塔传质性能的重要因素,对规整填料塔内的气液两相流动与分布、返混、气液两相在常压和高压下的传质特性、Marangoni效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述.     

HD低温蒸发系统中填料蒸发器传质传热的分析

通过研究系统中填料蒸发器的蒸发传质传热过程以及两相流动特性，采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）中离散相与连续相耦合的方法来模拟规整填料内部通道的蒸发传质传热过程，实现了填料蒸发器中两相传质传热的过程以及液滴流动的可视化，为研究气液两相在规整填料内的流动提供了一种模拟方法。通过与实验结果的比较，最终选用RNG k-ε湍流模型来分析规整填料内部气液两相传质传热以及流动情况。数值模拟研究了规整填料板间距对填料内部气液两相传质传热以及液滴运动影响，发现随着板间距的增大，填料内部压力降逐渐降低，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率降低，液滴进出口质量差减小，气相出口温度逐渐降低，蒸发传质传热效率降低。随着气速的增大，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率增加，气相出口温度降低，气液两相传质传热效率降低。     

填料塔基础理论研究新进展

规整填料塔具有效率高、压降低、放大效应不明显等优点,其成功应用有赖于对二相流动与传质的深入认识。文中综述了规整填料塔内的气液二相流动与分布、返混、气液二相在常压和高压下的传质特性、M arangon i效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展。填料塔内液体的分布与返混的研究较多,气相的流动分布与返混特性的研究较少,高压传质、M arangon i效应,特别是利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟填料塔内的液体流动与传质等已逐渐成为研究的热点。     

填料塔传质模型的研究——二维混合池随机模型

本文推导和提出了一个新的数学模型——二维混合池随机模型.它能用来模拟填料塔的液体流动和传质特性,以及计算塔中液、气两相浓度分布.该模型的主要特点是:(1)它通过调整混合池间轴向和径向的流动和混合,能很好地模拟填料塔复杂的液体流动状态;(2)模拟计算考虑了液体流动分布的随机性质.研究结果表明,填料塔塔径增大或填料层增高而产生的传质效率下降的原因主要是液体的非均匀流动、轴向混合的加剧和不完全的径向混合.     

规整填料塔的设计计算模型

针对规整填料塔的特点和近年来的研究进展 ,分析了规整填料内的流体力学和相间传质行为 ,并对规整填料塔内压力降、液泛及气液传质设计计算模型进行比较 ,同时指出了高压填料塔设计计算中应注意的问题。     

规整填料单元内流场的三维LDV测量

引言 近二三十年,规整填料已广泛应用于反应、分离和混合等各类化工设备中,但对于规整填料内部流体流动规律的深入研究目前仍比较缺乏.以气液传质设备为例,规整填料塔内流体的流动分布会直接影响塔的传质性能,因此,国内外很多研究机构在这方面做了大量的研究,但绝大部分研究集中在宏观流动模型的建立及其实验验证方面[1-5].     

CFD在精馏分离中的应用

计算流体力学(CFD)是研究精馏塔内气液两相流动和传质的重要工具.本文介绍了板式塔和填料塔内气液流动状况,塔板上和填料层的流体力学模型,论述了国内外CFD技术在精馏塔流场模拟方面的应用,指出了CFD技术在精馏领域的发展方向,对于板式塔,应充分考虑气液两相间的相互作用,对于填料塔,应根据填料的具体形状建立每个孔道的流体力学方程,进行更接近实际的三维两相流模拟.     

气液两相逆流状态下金属板波纹填料塔内液体流动分布

填料塔内液体流动分布状况直接关系到塔内气液两相的有效接触,影响塔的操作性能.由于液体分布不良,造成填料塔内局部区域的气液比与全塔宏观的气液比有显著差别,从而大大降低塔的总传质效率.因此,填料塔内的液体分布     

气液两相逆流状态下金属板波纹填料塔内液体流动分布

<正>填料塔内液体流动分布状况直接关系到塔内气液两相的有效接触,影响塔的操作性能.由于液体分布不良,造成填料塔内局部区域的气液比与全塔宏观的气液比有显著差别,从而大大降低塔的总传质效率.因此,填料塔内的液体分布     

规整填料塔内气-液两相并流流动的CFD研究

应用FLUENT,即一款流体力学计算软件,对规整填料塔内的气液两相并流流动时的液相分布进行了研究,用数学方法拟合出压降和持液量之间的定量关系,并通过实验进行了验证。基于Mellapak350Y填料建立了物理模型,采用的方程是RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭动量方程。模拟过程中引入了表面张力源项以及相间作用力源项。模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明了求解规整填料塔内两相并流流动的方法是合理的。     

倾斜波纹板上液膜流动的CFD研究

利用VOF法建立了液膜在倾斜波纹板上的气-液两相流CFD模型,并根据液膜流动特点提出了表面张力动量源项和气液界面作用力动量源项.模拟结果与文献实验值吻合较好,表明本文提出的CFD液膜流动模型具有一定的可靠性.通过模拟不同性质的液体在不同表面结构波纹板上的流动过程发现,波纹板表面微观结构以及液体性质尤其是液体的表面张力对连续液膜的形成有重要作用,表明通过改变波纹板面微观结构以及降低液体的表面张力可以促进连续液膜的形成,对提高气液之间的传质效率有重要意义.     

Gas holdup and mass transfer in solid suspended bubble columns in presence of structured packings

Electrochemical gas absorption or biotechnical purification processes using structured packing as electrode or as biological support, respectively, may operate in bubble columns in presence of suspended solids. In both systems the knowledge of mass transfer rates from the liquid to the packing is important for the design of equipment. In the present investigation, the fluid dynamic behavior of a simple bubble column and a bubble column containing small size particles, both in presence of structured packing, was studied. Furthermore, mass transfer coefficients between the liquid and the structured packing were obtained by the electrochemical method. The influence of physical properties of the liquid phase, gas flow rate, kind and concentration of the suspended particles on both gas holdup and mass transfer was investigated. Correlations of the experimental data of mass transfer using dimensionless groups were derived and compared to previous correlations. Similarity with a heat transfer expression already used in two-phase systems was found.     

Computational Approach to Characterize the Mass Transfer between the Counter‐Current Gas‐Liquid Flow

Structured packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for distillation and absorption. However, the understanding of the transfer mechanism behind the counter‐current gas‐liquid flow in structured packed columns is still limited. In this work, a three‐dimensional CFD model that considers the local absorption and the local momentum transfer mechanism is developed for a film flow on a small plate with a counter‐current gas flow. The model, based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, is built up on the basis of a pressure drop model and the penetration theory to quantitatively investigate the instantaneous hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of the liquid phase. Simulations and experiments are carried out for a system consisting of propane and toluene. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data for the outlet concentrations shows good agreement.     

CFD Simulation of Liquid Film Flow on Inclined Plates

A two‐phase flow CFD model using the volume of fluid (VOF) method is presented for predicting the hydrodynamics of falling film flow on inclined plates, corresponding to the surface texture of structured packing. Using the proposed CFD model the influence of the solid surface microstructure, liquid properties and gas flow rate on the flow behavior was investigated. From the simulated results it was shown that under the condition of no gas flow the liquid flow patterns are dependent on the microstructure of the plates, and proper microstructuring of the solid surface will improve the formation of a continuous liquid film. It was also found that liquid properties, especially surface tension, play an important role in determining the thin‐film pattern. However, there are very different liquid film patterns under the action of gas flow. Thinner liquid films break easily, but thicker liquid films can remain continuous even at higher gas flow rates, which demonstrates that all factors affecting the liquid film thickness will affect the liquid film patterns under conditions of counter‐current two‐phase flow.     

Experimental and CFD Simulation Study for the Wetting of a Structured Packing Element with Liquids

The hydrodynamics of liquid flow in packed columns affects the column performance from the point of view of heat and mass transfer. The interfacial and the specific wetted areas are decisive in this case. The complex three‐dimensional liquid flow on a single structured and flat packing element of Rombopak 4M was investigated. It consists of four connected wavy inclined plates in an X‐shape configuration. The geometric characteristics of the packing were related to the fluid mechanics of the liquid distribution. CFD simulation results for different cell sizes and flow rates, obtained using the VOF (volume of fluid) model, are presented as being capable of describing this complex geometry. With the help of the CFD simulation and the experimental results from Rombopak 4M, correlations from the literature describing the interfacial and wetted area and liquid holdup in packed columns were adjusted to describe the hydrodynamic performance of Rombopak 4M.     

Mass Transfer In Trickle‐Bed Reactors With Structured Packing

An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the fluid dynamic and mass transfer behavior of structured packing, with the liquid and gas phase flowing co‐currently downwards in the column. Liquid to packing mass transfer coefficients for three positions within the pack were measured by an electrochemical method, varying both the liquid and gas loads as well as the physical properties of the liquid phase. Due to the high void fraction of structured packing, much higher liquid flow rates can be used than in traditional particle trickle‐beds. It was found that in the range studied, the gas superficial velocity has no effect on the mass transfer rate and thus, a general mass transfer correlation in terms of liquid Reynolds number only, was developed. Wetted areas and the radial distribution of liquid through the packing element were determined by a colorimetric method. Within the range of liquid flow rates investigated, complete wetting is not achieved, even with the low viscosity solutions. The measured ratios of hydraulic to geometric area, agree reasonably well with values predicted by existing relationships.     

CFD Study on the Local Mass Transfer Efficiency in the Gas Phase of Structured Packing

Visualization of local mass transfer coefficients over the dry surface of corrugated‐sheet structured packing is essential for optimizing the existing geometry of structured packing and for improving mass transfer efficiency to develop new structured packing. The local flow patterns between packing sheets and the gas‐phase mass transfer coefficient at each point over the surface are illustrated by employing a wall‐surface reaction model. Different turbulence models are utilized, i.e., a standard κ‐? model and three different low‐Re‐κ‐? models. The numerical calculation results with the Lam‐Bremhorst low‐Re‐κ‐? turbulence model is found to agree well with experimental data. There are three similar regions with enhanced mass transfer efficiency in each mass transfer unit cell of structured packing.