侧风作用下火电厂冷却塔性能的实验研究

冷却塔是火电厂重要设备之一,冷却塔冷却性能的优劣直接影响机组效率与安全.通过建立火电厂冷却水系统实验平台,研究了侧风作用下冷却塔的冷却性能.研究发现:随着环境侧风的增加,冷却温差和效率呈先减小后增大的趋势,拐点风速值为0.8m/s;迎风面的进塔风速随之变大,背风面的通风量减小;并采用弗劳德准则数分析了环境侧风对冷却塔性能的影响.     

基于冷却塔气流流场特征分析的增容改造应用

在冷却塔内气流流场特性试验分析的基础上,针对淮北国安电力有限公司2号机冷却塔存在的增容后循环水冷却不够、冷却塔内水流不均的问题,实施了增容改造方案,重新布置了配水系统和淋水装置。淋水区填料采取不等高布置,且不同区域采用不同出水口径达到不同的淋水密度,使配水、配风更趋合理均匀。改造后的应用效果表明,冷却塔的冷却效率大为提高,满足了机组增容改造要求且节能降耗明显。     

热电厂自然通风冷却塔的提效改造

分析仪征化纤公司热电中心2~#循环水冷却塔冷却效率下降的原因,阐述通过更新冷却塔填料、喷溅装置等一系列方法和措施来提升该冷却塔进、出水温差,达到提升其冷却效率的改造情况。最后,分析此次2~#冷却塔提效改造后对热电厂提高发电经济效益影响。     

600 MW机组冷却塔优化改造后热力性能分析

冷却塔作为火电厂热力循环中最主要的冷端设备之一,与电厂经济运行有着密切的关系,但其节能问题往往被忽视。以某600 MW机组双曲线逆流式自然通风冷却塔为研究对象,对冷却塔的淋水填料和喷溅装置优化改造后进行了热力性能试验,并对其冷却能力进行计算,同时,将改造后的淋水填料特性和喷头优化性能进行分析,指出冷却塔冷却能力得到提升的原因,为电厂在今后的冷却塔运行优化和节能改造提供了依据。     

一种横流闭式冷却塔的实验与性能评价

创建填料与盘管间隔布置的新型横流闭式冷却塔,在冷却塔进风中引入部分排风,设计了可控制冷却塔空气进口湿球温度的简易实验室,并在设计工况下对该实验室内横流闭式冷却塔进行实验。通过分析换热温差和进口湿球温度与冷却塔换热能力的关系,提出在非标准工况下测试冷却塔的冷却能力评价折算方法,并根据实验结果对比验证了该评价方法的可行性。结果表明:采用该折算方法评价所测冷却塔的冷却能力为71冷吨,与冷却能力计算软件的结果接近。     

高层建筑冷却塔选型校核及气流组织模拟

本文对某高层建筑屋面冷却塔在节能改造后所出现的夏季极端天气无法达到设计冷却能力的状况通过改造工程进行分析,并采用Airpak软件对夏季工况进行了CFD模拟。模拟结果所显示的逆流式冷却塔四周的梁、柱、擦窗机轨道、和核心筒外墙等建筑遮挡物并未对冷却塔散热效果造成影响。夏季屋面风速的变化,未影响冷却塔进风与排风,未出现热湿空气回流现象,间接反映了设备布置合理。此项目对同类型的建筑物屋面放置冷却塔有一定的参考意义。     

侧风环境下湿式冷却塔性能参数变化规律的试验研究

外界侧风在很大程度上影响自然通风逆流湿式冷却塔的传热传质性能,根据相似理论,通过热态模型试验,以冷却数和刘易斯数为出发点,研究了外界侧风对冷却塔传热传质性能的影响.研究发现:冷却数和刘易斯数随着外界侧风的变化呈现先减小后增大的趋势,拐点风速值为0.4 m/s;当外界侧风风速小于0.7 ～0.8m/s时,侧风的存在严重恶...     

环境侧风对300MW火电机组冷却塔影响的数值模拟

以300MW机组双曲线自然通风冷却塔为研究对象,采用Fluent软件对冷却塔进行了三维数值模拟,分析了变工况下环境侧风对冷却塔冷却性能的影响、环境侧风对冷却塔进风口速度场的影响。研究发现:随着侧风风速的增加,冷却温差先减小后增大,出塔水温先增大后减小;并且,环境侧风的存在会扰乱冷却塔进风口流场,其临界风速值为6m/s。     

冷却塔冷却性能的评价模型

冷却塔是汽轮发电机组重要的冷端设备之一，其运行性能对电站的经济和安全运行有重要的影响。通过建立自然通风冷却塔出水温度和冷却性能的计算模型，为冷却塔的经济运行提供依据，并且还可以为冷却塔的检修和改造提供指导。     

无级弧线型挡板对火电机组冷却塔性能影响的实验

建立300 MW火电机组实验模型,研究弧形挡板对冷却塔性能的影响,获得最佳弧形挡板布置方式,并对各因素进行回归分析,找出冷却塔高效运行的工况范围。研究表明:存在临界风速vcr,当风速小于该值,随风速增大冷却性能逐渐降低;当风速大于该值,随风速增大冷却性能逐渐提高;弧形挡板可有效减弱环境侧风对冷却性能的不利影响,挡板安装角在45°~75°范围内冷却温差和效率相较于无侧风无弧形挡板都有不同程度的提高;进塔水温(28~38℃)越高时,冷却塔效率越高。     

火电厂自然通风冷却塔性能研究

冷却塔是汽轮发电机组重要的冷端设备之一,其冷却性能对电站的经济和安全运行有重要的影响。以双曲线型自然通风冷却塔为研究对象,根据实际运行参数,通过对冷却塔热力性能的计算,得到了冷却水出塔水温及其主要影响因素——填料层淋水密度不均对出塔水温的影响。计算结果与实测值相符。同时,对冷却塔内气体流场建立热态模型并进行了空气动力性能的数值计算。冷却塔热力和空气动力性能的变化规律为冷却塔的运行、检修和改造提供了依据。     

Thermal performance of an evaporatively cooled building: Parametric studies

A single-storey office building in a hot and dry climate is modelled for evaporative cooling. The counterflow cooling tower is modified to precool the tower inlet air by the tower exit air in a heat exchanger. Centralized evaporative air cooling, using the modified cooling tower, and roof evaporative cooling are considered to provide comfortable living conditions in the space. The thermal performance of such a building is analysed for various operating parameters. The study indicates that centralized evaporative air cooling is feasible, to maintain near-perfect comfort conditions in hot and dry climates. Modified cooling tower and roof evaporative cooling further enhance the scope of evaporative cooling for comfort applications.     

间接空冷机组空冷塔塔群内空气流动及传热性能研究

由于具有巨大的节水优势,间接空冷机组在我国富煤少水区域得到广泛应用。研究环境风对间接空冷系统的影响机理对指导电厂运行具有重要意义。以某电厂间接空冷机组为基础,构建水平布置散热器的空冷塔群物理和数学模型,通过数值模拟方法分析环境风对塔内空气流场及空冷散热器换热性能的影响。结果表明:环境风对空冷系统塔内空气流场影响较大,进而影响空冷散热器的散热性能。随着风速的增加,空冷塔的换热性能不断恶化。在临界风速时额定负荷下,下游空冷塔换热量比上游空冷塔减少2.5%。     

自然通风高位收水冷却塔性能对比分析

以某逆流式自然通风常规冷却塔为研究对象,对其相同尺寸的高位收水冷却塔进行对比仿真分析,研究布置高位收水装置对冷却塔效果的影响.在多种运行工况下分别对常规冷却塔和高位收水冷却塔进行模拟计算,分析高位收水装置布置前后塔内空气流动和温度变化,以及冷却水平均温降的变化.结果表明,相较于常规冷却塔,同种条件下高位收水塔内通风量增...     

Simplification of analytical models and incorporation with CFD for the performance predication of closed‐wet cooling towers

Simplified analytical models are developed for evaluating the thermal performance of closed‐wet cooling towers (CWCTs) for use with chilled ceilings in cooling of buildings. Two methods of simplification are used with regard to the temperature of spray water inside the tower. The results obtained from these models for a prototype cooling tower are very close to experimental measurements. The thermal performance of the cooling tower is evaluated under nominal conditions. The results show that the maximum difference in the calculated cooling water heat or air sensible heat between the two simplified methods and a general computational model is less than 3%. The analytical model distribution of the sensible heat along the tower is then incorporated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess the thermal performance of the tower. It is found that CFD results agree well with the analytical results when the air flow is simulated with air supply from the bottom of the tower, which represents a uniform air flow. CFD shows the importance of the uniform distribution of air and spray water to achieve optimum design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermodynamic study of wet cooling tower performance

An analytical model was developed to describe thermodynamically the water evaporation process inside a counter‐flow wet cooling tower, where the air stream is in direct contact with the falling water, based on the implementation of the energy and mass balance between air and water stream describing thus, the rate of change of air temperature, humidity ratio, water temperature and evaporated water mass along tower height. The reliability of model predictions was ensured by comparisons made with pertinent experimental data, which were obtained from the literature. The paper elaborated the effect of atmospheric conditions, water mass flow rate and water inlet temperature on the variation of the thermodynamic properties of moist air inside the cooling tower and on its thermal performance characteristics. The analysis of the theoretical results revealed that the thermal performance of the cooling tower is sensitive to the degree of saturation of inlet air. Hence, the cooling capacity of the cooling tower increases with decreasing inlet air wet bulb temperature whereas the overall water temperature fall is curtailed with increasing water to air mass ratio. The change of inlet water temperature does not affect seriously the thermal behaviour of the cooling tower. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于焓差理论的带填料逆流闭塔热力性能分析

为了分析不同风量和喷淋水量对填料逆流闭式冷却塔热力性能的影响,建立和验证了带填料逆流闭式冷却塔热质交换的数学模型,基于焓差理论对模型计算的结果进行分析。结果表明：加入填料相当于对盘管区进口的喷淋水进行预冷,降低了喷淋水的平均温度,使带填料闭式冷却塔的冷却性能优于纯盘管闭式冷却塔;风量的增加可以提高带填料逆流闭式冷却塔和纯盘管逆流闭式冷却塔的热力性能,两种塔的冷却性能随风量增加的提升速率相同;喷淋水量的增加对纯盘管逆流闭式冷却塔的热力性能的影响较小,却可以较大幅度提高带填料逆流闭式冷却塔的热力性能。     

用空冷器代替冷却塔的技术经济性分析

本文就电厂中用空冷器代替冷却塔的可行性进行了分析。以给定工况下的电厂为例 ,分别计算了采用冷却塔和空冷器两种系统下的设备费用和运行费用 ,分析了变工况下空冷器的经济性能。通过分析看出 ,若当地气温在 5℃左右 ,风速维持在 2 4m/s时 ,空冷器可以省去风机 ,而且能耗和费用将降低 ,经济性能将优于冷却塔方式。对于一个 1 5 0 0kW的发电机组 ,每年可节约循环水 7 395万t。空冷器同样适用于石化等行业的冷却水循环系统。因此 ,在气候条件适合的北方地区 ,采用空冷器是节水的有效途径。     

Thermal optimization of a natural draft wet cooling tower

This study attempts to quantify the potential improvement in a natural draft wet cooling tower (NDWCT) performance that can be attained by optimizing the fill and water distribution profiles across the tower and to provide designers with the modelling tools for such an investigation. A simple two‐dimensional (2D) model is described, which allows rapid evaluation of NDWCT performance for use with an optimization procedure. This model has been coupled with an evolutionary optimization algorithm to determine the optimal fill shape and water distribution profile to maximize the cooling range of a typical NDWCT. The results are compared against a 2D axisymmetric numerical model. The extended 1D model is found to significantly reduce computational time compared with the numerical model, allowing a wide range of parameters to be tested rapidly with reasonable accuracy. The results show that the optimal layout differs significantly from a uniform profile, with both the water flow rate and the fill depth decreasing towards the centre of the tower where the air is warmer with reduced cooling potential. The overall improvement in the tower cooling range is very low under the design conditions tested, due largely to the highly coupled nature of the airflow and heat transfer in the tower. It is concluded that any design modifications of the type considered would need to be carefully optimized to have any possibility of improving performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太阳能吸收式制冷机性能分析

在太阳辐射动态变化的情况下,对制冷量为5kW的水冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机的性能进行了模拟,得出了集热器出口水温随时间变化的规律曲线以及在此规律的影响下吸收式制冷机的性能曲线。模拟结果表明水冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机在理论上是切实可行的,但是集热器出口水温度的变化以及冷却水温度对系统性能有较大的影响。冷却水温度越低、系统的性能系数越高。