印度MECPRO公司油脂加工技术介绍

对印度MECPRO公司油脂加工技术进行了详细介绍，特别是油浸出部分湿粕低温脱溶，节能器，混合油的低温蒸发，混合油过滤及尾气回收系统，并对油脂碱炼，两次脱色和脱臭工艺等油脂精炼技术特点进行了介绍。     

油脂浸出生产的几条技改思路

从内部挖潜，降耗增效出发，提出浸出生产中的几条技改思路（１）调整浸出喷淋结构，提高混合浓度，降低粕中残油（２）强化混合油净化，减轻后续工序负担；（３）增设湿粕挤压装置，降低湿粕残溶。     

对大型油脂浸出车间建筑超高问题及解决方法的探讨

随着我国油脂工业的快速发展 ,油脂工厂的建设规模不断扩大 ,由此产生了在大型化油脂工厂建设中浸出车间建筑消防安全超高问题。对大型化油脂浸出车间建筑超高问题进行了研究 ,并结合实际的建设经验对此问题的解决方法进行了探讨 ,以期与业界同仁进行交流 ,为我国大型化油脂浸出工厂的建设提供参考和借鉴。     

浸出混合油的预处理

<正> 我厂改建的,日处理80吨/饼油脂浸出车间于1976年投产。在工艺和设备上,我们集国内同行各家之长,还较注重了浸出混合油中的杂质控制。混合油中杂质含量多少,往往被一些浸出油厂所忽视。混合油中含杂质多,容易     

油料挤压膨化机对大豆浸出生产能力提高的研究

在原大豆浸出生产工艺中增加ＹＪＰ２００型油料挤压膨化机，并分别对影响浸出生产线生产能力的各种因素，如浸出料容重、浸出器转速、料层高度、混合油浓度以及湿粕含溶、粕中残油等进行分析、测定和比较讨论。研究证明，大豆一次浸出生产工艺中增加油料挤压膨化机，可大大提高浸出系统生产能力。     

浸出过程对混合油浓度及其粕末含量的影响分析

论述了浸出传质过程对油脂提取率和粕末产生的影响,进而影响到混合油的浓度和粕末度;从浸出物料、传质扩散、料层高度、浸出速度和温度、溶剂比以及喷淋方式等方面对混合油质量进行控制,并阐述了发生混合油质量问题时的补救对策.     

油料挤压膨化机对大豆浸出生产能力提高的研究

在原大豆浸出生产工艺中增加YJP200型油料挤压膨化机,并分别对影响浸出生产线生产能力的各种因素如:浸出料容重、浸出器转速、料层高度、混合油浓度以及湿粕含溶、粕中残油等进行分析、测定和比较讨论。研究证明:在大豆一次浸出生产工艺中增加油料挤压膨化机,可大大提高浸出系统生产能力。     

蓖麻油浸出生产线改造

介绍了蓖麻油浸出生产线技术改造情况。通过湿粕挤干处理，将湿粕溶剂含量由原来的25％～30％降到12％-15％，减轻了设备负荷；同时，粕残油由原来的1．0％～1．2％降到0．6％～0.8％。混合油经过精炼车间脱色过滤机处理，提高了混合油质量，避免了一蒸分离罐堵塞；降低了脱色过滤机滤渣含油量，由原来的28％以上降到9％～12％。经过改造，浸出生产溶剂单耗为3．5kg／t粕。     

大豆膨化浸出工艺研究中试研究报告

米糠挤压膨化机经适当改进后,对大豆进行膨化浸出试验。碎豆膨化率最高可达1.8,此时,膨化料容重可达520公斤/米~3左右。在保证浸出效果的前提下,浸出器生产能力比原设计能力提高50%左右。粕中残油率一般在1%以下。同时,湿粕中含溶剂量下降,混合油浓度提高,有效地降低了回收溶剂所需能耗。     

由大规模油脂浸出厂建筑施工消防安全引发的探析

随着我国油脂工业的快速发展，油脂工厂的建设规模不断扩大，由此产生了在大规模油脂浸出厂建筑设计中浸出车间消防安全超高问题。本文对大规模油脂浸出车间建筑超高问题进行了研究，并结合实际经验对此问题的解决方法进行了探讨，以期与业界同仁进行交流，为我国大规模化油脂浸出工厂的建筑设计提供参考。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.