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侯旎璐 《电子产品可靠性与环境试验》2023,(6):67-73
键合工艺技术是半导体封装环节中的重要技术方法,而键合系统相关的失效也直接影响着电子元器件的互连可靠性。虽然同为键合区域的失效,但失效机理却千差万别。针对性地讨论了Au-Al、 Cu-Al和Al-Al这3个键合系统中常见的基于材料特性和工艺过程的失效模式。结合相关实际案例,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线能谱分析仪(EDX)、离子研磨(CP)等物理和化学分析手段,研究并分析了键合工艺开裂、双金属间键合退化、接触腐蚀和功率器件的键合丝退化等模式的失效机理,得到各种失效模式对应的失效原因为键合工艺参数不适配、金属间化合物(IMC)过度生长、原电池效应和金属层疲劳剪切力与形变等。通过列举的检测方法能准确识别器件的失效模式,并对症提出相应的改善策略,为提高键合系统的可靠性提供指导。同时,可以通过功率循环试验观测和识别功率器件的键合退化。 相似文献
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失效分析中有许多类型的封装级失效.由于封装材料限制或者无损检测要求,无法从外观直接观察到失效点,需要借助于设备进行失效定位才能快速、准确地进行分析.总结了集成电路封装级失效的几种常见失效机理和失效原因,提出三种有效的分析手段和分析方法进行失效定位:X射线检测、超声扫描声学显微镜以及热激光激发光致电阻变化(OBIRCH)技术,分别用于元器件结构观察、不同材料界面特性分析和键合损伤位置定位.从倒装芯片封装、陶瓷封装、塑料封装和金铝键合短路四个失效分析的实际案例出发,阐明三种封装级失效定位手段应用的领域、特点和局限性.结果表明在封装级失效中,通孔断裂开路、焊料桥连短路、键合损伤和界面分层等缺陷能够准确地被定位进而分析. 相似文献
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由于铜丝键合可以替代金键合,价格又便宜,正在被越来越多地应用到微电子元器件当中。目前的情况表明铜是可行的替代品,但是证明其可靠性还需要采用针对铜丝键合工艺的新型失效分析(FA)技术。在本文中,我们将讨论一些专门为使用铜丝技术的元器件而开发的新型失效分析技术和工序。我们会将解释为什么铜丝的处理方式和金丝不一样,并且以功率MOSFET器件为例,循序渐进地了解失效分析的过程,保存对失效器件进行有效分析所需要的所有证据。 相似文献
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密封封装内部的水汽对于半导体器件的可靠性是一种威胁,由此导致的硅表面铝金属线的腐蚀是一种主要的失效机理。为了防止密封封装内部发生腐蚀失效,从而提高器件的可靠性,美军标和我国国军标均给出了内部水汽含量的试验流程和判据。然而另一些研究表明,水汽的单独存在并不会导致铝线腐蚀失效。研究了水汽在密封器件的腐蚀失效机理中的作用,对硅表面铝线的腐蚀过程进行了数学描述,分析了目前标准中内部水汽含量判据,并给出了防止密封器件腐蚀失效的建议。 相似文献
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林刚强 《电子工业专用设备》2008,37(7)
阐述了铜丝替代金丝的理论可行性与在实际应用中所需注意的要点,如防氧化装置、防弹坑键合参数、铜丝劈刀的参数要点等,最后对铜丝球焊的可靠性及几种重要的失效模式进行了探讨分析。 相似文献
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键合铜丝作为微电子工业的新型研发材料,已经成功替代键合金丝应用于IC后道封装中。随着IC封装键合工艺技术及设备的改进,铜丝应用从低端产品如DIP、SOP向中高端QFP、QFN、多层线、小间距焊盘产品领域扩展。因封装制程对键合铜丝的性能要求逐步提高,促进了铜丝生产商对铜丝工艺性能向趋近于金丝工艺性能发展,成为替代金丝封装的新型材料。本文首先讲述了铜丝键合的优点,列举了铜丝在键合工艺中制约制程的瓶颈因素有两个方面:一是铜丝储存条件对环境要求高,使用过程保护措施不当易氧化;二是铜丝材料特性选择、制具选择、设备键合参数设置不当在生产制造中易造成芯片焊盘铝挤出、破裂、弹坑等现象发生,最终导致产品电性能及可靠性问题而失效。本文通过对铜丝键合机理分析,提出解决、预防及管控措施,制定了具体的生产管控工艺方案,对实现铜丝键合工艺有很好的指导意义。 相似文献
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铜丝键合工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
键合铜丝作为微电子工业的新型研发材料,已经成功替代键合金丝应用于IC后道封装中。随着IC封装键合工艺技术及设备的改进,铜丝应用从低端产品如DIP、SOP向中高端QFP、QFN、多层线、小间距焊盘产品领域扩展。因封装制程对键合铜丝的性能要求逐步提高,促进了铜丝生产商对铜丝工艺性能向趋近于金丝工艺性能发展,成为替代金丝封装的新型材料。文章首先讲述了铜丝键合的优点,指出铜丝在键合工艺中制约制程的瓶颈因素有两个方面:一是铜丝储存条件对环境要求高,使用过程保护措施不当易氧化;二是铜丝材料特性选择、制具选择、设备键合参数设置不当在生产制造中易造成芯片焊盘铝挤出、破裂、弹坑等现象发生,最终导致产品电性能及可靠性问题而失效。文章通过对铜丝键合机理分析,提出解决、预防及管控措施,制定了具体的生产管控工艺方案,对实现铜丝键合工艺有很好的指导意义。 相似文献
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虽然在集成电路封装工艺中金导线键合是主流制程,但是目前采用铜导线替代金导线键合已经在半导体封装领域形成重要研究趋势。文章对微电子封装中铜导线键合可行性进行了分析,主要包括铜导线与金导线的性能比较(包括电学性能、物理参数、机械参数等),铜导线制备和微组织结构分析,铜导线焊合中的工艺研发及铜导线焊合可靠性分析等。当今半导体生产商关注铜导线不仅是因为其价格成本优势,更由于铜导线具有良好的电学和机械特性,同时文中也介绍了铜导线键合工艺存在的诸多问题和挑战,对将来铜导线在集成电路封装中的大规模应用和发展具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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Rainer Dohle Matthias Petzold Robert Klengel Frank Rudolf 《Microelectronics Reliability》2011,51(1):97-106
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of room temperature wedge-wedge bonding using commercially available copper wires, coated with aluminum. Bonding quality, reliability and aging resistance of the wire bonds have been investigated using standard wire pull tests immediately after bonding and after accelerated life tests, including temperature storage at 125 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C for up to 2000 h. Using focused ion beam (FIB-) preparation and high resolution electron microscopy (SEM, TEM combined with EDX X-ray analysis), results of microstructure investigations of the Al-coating/Cu wire interface as well as of the bonding interconnect formed between the coated wire and the metallization on ceramic substrate will be presented. These investigations provide background information regarding the binding mechanisms and material interactions, and contribute to assess and to avoid potential reliability risks. Due to the found advantageous bond processing behavior and increased reliability properties, our results indicate that room temperature wedge-wedge bonding of coated copper wires has a remarkable application potential, for instance in medical and other high reliability as well as high power applications. It combines all known advantages of usual copper bonding like excellent contacting behavior, high reliability and favorable material price with the possibility of processing temperature damageable components and considerable improved storage capability. Therefore, room temperature bonding using coated copper wire can also reduce cycle time, manufacturing and material costs. 相似文献
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InSb红外探测器芯片镀金焊盘与外部管脚的引线键合质量直接决定着光电信号输出的可靠性,对于引线键合质量来说,超声功率、键合压力、键合时间是最主要的工艺参数。从实际应用出发,采用KS公司4124金丝球焊机实现芯片镀金焊盘与外部管脚的引线键合,主要研究芯片镀金焊盘第一焊点键合工艺参数对引线键合强度及键合区域的影响,通过分析键合失效方式,结合焊点的表面形貌,给出了适合InSb芯片引线键合质量要求的最优工艺方案,为实现InSb芯片引线键合可靠性的提高打下了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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键合是SMD封装中的一道重要工序,F&K 6400键合机是德国F&K公司专门面向细铝丝键合的设备,采用超声作为键合能量。在键合工艺中不同材质的金属管座会形成不同的冶金系统,有些情况下会造成接触面腐蚀或者柯肯德尔空洞,并最终影响产品的可靠性。键合时采用的超声功率、键合时间、键合压力、键合方式等工艺参数直接影响到产品的产量和性能。在批量生产的基础上,作者分析了适合F&K 6400键合机在生产中采用的键合材料及工艺参数,并列出了生产过程中设备常见的故障及可能原因。 相似文献
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《Microelectronics Reliability》2014,54(11):2555-2563
Copper (Cu) wire bonding has become a mainstream IC assembly solution due to its significant cost savings over gold wire. However, concerns on corrosion susceptibility and package reliability have driven the industry to develop alternative materials. In recent years, palladium-coated copper (PdCu) wire has become widely used as it is believed to improve reliability. In this paper, we experimented with 0.6 ml PdCu and bare Cu wires. Palladium distribution and grain structure of the PdCu Free Air Ball (FAB) were investigated. It was observed that Electronic Flame Off (EFO) current and the cover gas type have a significant effect on palladium distribution in the FAB. The FAB hardness was measured and correlated to palladium distribution and grain structure. First bond process responses were characterized. The impact of palladium on wire bondability and wire bond intermetallic using a high temperature storage test was studied. 相似文献
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Peisheng Liu Liangyu Tong Jinlan Wang Lei Shi Hao Tang 《Microelectronics Reliability》2012,52(6):1092-1098
Copper wire bonding has been studied for more than two decades. While copper wire bonding has many advantages over gold wire bonding, many challenges have to be solved to meet its application requirements. This paper presents the measures to overcome Cu oxidation, the optimization of bonding parameters and the improvement in capillary design. The reliability mechanism of copper wire bonding is described from the standpoints of IMC growth, pad Al squeeze and the ability of wire looping. The challenges of copper wire bonding on low-k wafers and some solutions are also briefly introduced. 相似文献
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Tomohiro Uno 《Microelectronics Reliability》2011,51(1):148-156
There is growing interest in Cu wire bonding for LSI interconnection due to cost savings and better electrical and mechanical properties. Conventional bare Cu bonding wires, in general, are severely limited in their use compared to Au wires. A coated Cu bonding wire (EX1) has been developed for LSI application. EX1 is a Pd-coated Cu wire to enhance the bondability.Bond reliability at a Cu wire bond under a humid environment is a major concern in replacing Au wires. The bond reliability of EX1 and bare Cu was compared in the reliability testing of PCT and UHAST (Unbiased HAST). The lifetimes for EX1 and the bare Cu in PCT testing were over 800 h and 250 h, respectively. Humidity reliability was significantly greater for EX1. Continuous cracking was formed at the bond interface for the bare Cu wire. Corrosion-induced deterioration would be the root cause of failure for bare Cu wires. The corrosion was a chemical reaction of Cu-Al IMC (InterMetallic Compound) and halogens (Cl, Br) from molding resins. EX1 improves the bond reliability by controlling diffusion and IMC formation at the bond interface. The excellent humidity reliability of the coated Cu wire, EX1 is suitable for LSI application. 相似文献