不同处理方法对亚麻仁脱毒效果的研究

分别采用烘焙、微波、高压蒸煮的方法对亚麻仁进行脱毒处理,最终确定烘焙处理的最佳条件为:烘焙温度100℃,时间20 min;微波处理的最佳条件为:微波功率720 W,微波时间8 min,亚麻仁含水量19%;高压蒸煮的最佳条件为:0.07 MPa,115℃下脱毒15 min。比较而言,微波法最适合于亚麻仁脱毒,最佳条件下脱毒率可达99.5%。     

亚麻籽微波脱毒与挤压膨化脱毒工艺研究

采用微波法和挤压膨化法对亚麻籽进行脱毒.通过单因素试验,研究了微波法的烘烤时间、输出功率对脱毒效果的影响;通过二次正交旋转组合试验,研究了挤压膨化法的温度、水分、螺杆转速、喂料速度对脱毒效果的影响.微波脱毒法的研究结果表明,最佳烘烤时间为2 min,最佳输出功率为640 W;求得了挤压膨化法的回归数学模型并分析了单因素和交互作用对脱毒效果的影响.     

浸泡和微波处理对三种高粱熟化的影响

为研究浸泡和微波处理对三种高粱熟化工艺参数的影响,采用单因素实验的方法,探讨浸泡时间和浸泡温度对高粱吸水率,以及微波时间和微波功率对高粱蒸煮熟化程度和熟化时间等工艺参数的影响。结果表明,随着浸泡时间的增加,三种高粱的吸水率均呈现先上升后平稳的趋势,龙米粮1号、龙杂13号和红糯高粱的最佳浸泡时间分别为2、2和3 h;随着浸泡温度的增加,三种高粱的吸水率呈上升的趋势,最佳浸泡温度分别为45、35和35 ℃。在最佳浸泡时间和浸泡温度条件下,当微波功率600 W和微波处理8 min时,龙米粮1号高粱熟化程度达到100%,蒸煮熟化时间缩短20 min;微波功率800 W和微波处理时间11 min时,龙杂13号高粱熟化程度达到100%,蒸煮熟化时间缩短20 min;微波功率800 W和微波处理时间11 min时,红糯高粱熟化程度达到100%,其蒸煮熟化时间缩短15 min。研究确定了三种高粱最佳浸泡和微波处理工艺参数,为高粱熟化工艺提供了技术参数。     

方便馄饨加工工艺研究

以饺子粉为原料,对方便馄饨的工艺路线进行探讨.对方便馄饨馅料的配方和加工工艺参数进行优化.结果表明,馄饨馅料的最佳配方为:食盐3%,白砂糖10%,酱油4%,白酒2%;馅料的最佳加工工艺为:复煮时间90 min,烘烤温度60℃,烘烤时间120 min.方便馄饨的最佳工艺条件为:蒸煮时间10 min,油炸温度125℃,油炸时间1.5 min.     

制作工艺及干燥方法对速食小米粥品质的影响探究

对速食小米粥的制作工艺进行探究,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺参数,并对其干燥方法进行了比较分析。结果表明:单甘脂与β-环状糊精添加比为3 g/kg∶5 g/kg,浸泡温度为55℃,浸泡时间为40 min,蒸煮时间为10 min是速食小米粥的最佳制作参数;冷冻辅助热风-微波干燥法是制备速食小米粥的最佳干燥方法,具体为:先在-20℃条件下冷冻20 h,再置于80℃热风干燥40 min,最后用240 W微波处理5 min。此方法能明显提高复水性,复水时间为6.5 min,产品感官品质达到最优。     

微波干燥法加工性早熟蟹肉松的工艺条件研究

研究以性早熟蟹肉为原料,采用微波干燥法将性早熟蟹肉加工成蟹肉松。以感官评价分值作为评价指标,探究腌制时间、蒸煮时间、粉碎次数、微波干燥时间、微波干燥功率、炒制时间、炒制温度对蟹肉松品质的影响,并选择微波干燥时间、微波干燥功率、炒制时间、炒制温度4个工艺参数进行正交实验优化。结果表明,腌制时间6min、蒸煮时间6min、粉碎次数4次、微波干燥功率400W、微波干燥时间4min、炒制时间4min、炒制温度80℃为加工性早熟蟹肉松的最佳工艺参数。在最佳工艺条件下,制得的蟹肉松水分含量24.5%,蛋白质含量27.6%,脂肪含量13.2%,灰分含量10.1%。     

电解法和微波法联合处理提高甘薯淀粉回生率

以甘薯淀粉为原料,采用电解、微波复合法制备回生抗性淀粉;以抗性淀粉制备率为考察指标,讨论微波、电解顺序对回生抗性淀粉制备产率的影响。最佳工艺为：淀粉→糊化→高压→微波→电解→老化→酶解→离心→干燥;最佳工艺参数：淀粉乳质量浓度50 g/L,高压温度120℃,高压时间30 min,糊化温度90℃,糊化时间30min,微波功率400 W,处理时间4 min,电解电压90 V,电解时间2 min,老化温度4℃,老化时间12 h。在此工艺条件下,甘薯回生抗性淀粉产率为24%,比空白组12%产率提高了1倍。     

猪肉脯的微波法制备工艺优化研究

研究主要是针对猪肉脯的微波法制备工艺进行优化。考察了微波功率、微波烘烤时间、烘箱高温烤制时间、烘箱烤制温度等4个因素对肉脯品质的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,通过4因素3水平正交试验,获得了微波联合传统工艺制作猪肉脯的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率440W,微波烘烤时间12min,烘箱高温烤制时间3min,烘箱烤制温度180℃。该工艺制备的肉脯样品色泽均匀,香味浓郁,具有良好的产品品质。     

不同萌发条件及加工方法对藜麦品质的影响

研究了萌发条件及加工方法对藜麦主要营养成分含量的影响。结果表明：在浸泡温度25 ℃，浸泡时间3 h，萌发时间48～60 h，萌发温度25～28 ℃，淋水间隔8～10 h的萌发条件下藜麦中蛋白质、还原糖、多酚、黄酮和γ-氨基丁酸含量达到最高值，脂肪、淀粉和多糖含量达到最低值。通过蒸煮、炒制、烘烤处理后，除藜麦中粗纤维含量随蒸煮时间延长变化不显著（P>0.05），藜麦中蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维、多酚、γ-氨基丁酸、多糖和黄酮含量随加工时间和温度不断提升均呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05）。对各加工条件制得的藜麦进行感官评定，得出藜麦最佳蒸煮时间为25 min，最佳蒸煮温度为95 ℃，最佳炒制时间为10 min，最佳炒制温度为180 ℃，最佳烘烤时间为25 min，最佳烘烤温度为120 ℃。     

红豆预熟化工艺研究

采用常压蒸煮、高温高压蒸煮和微波对红豆进行预熟化工艺研究,分析3种预熟化工艺对红豆营养成分、质构和色泽的影响。结果表明:常压蒸煮工艺条件为:40 ℃恒温浸泡0.5 h,物料厚度0.5 cm,蒸煮时间20 min;高温高压蒸煮工艺条件为:40 ℃恒温浸泡1.5 h,蒸煮温度115 ℃,蒸煮时间3 min;微波预熟化工艺条件为:40 ℃恒温浸泡0.5 h,微波功率119 W,物料厚度1.0 cm,时间6 min;与原料红豆相比,预熟化红豆中蛋白质升高,常压蒸煮和高压蒸煮红豆的脂肪含量升高,而微波熟化红豆的脂肪含量降低;沸水中煮15 min,焖5 min后,预熟化后红豆的硬度降低,能与小米共煮同熟;3种预熟化工艺均不同程度改变红豆的色泽。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the