水平管环状流液膜厚度与波动参数分布

环状流是常见的一种气液两相流流型,基于双平行电导探针阵列传感器设计了环状流液膜动态测量系统,以水和空气为介质,进行了气相表观流速15~35 m/s、液相表观流速0.1~0.4 m/s范围内的水平管环状流周向液膜测量实验,分析了水平管环状流的液膜厚度、相界面波动参数的空间分布与发展变化规律。结果表明,水平管环状流底部液膜厚度随气相表观流速的增加而减小,随液相表观流速的增加而增大,但在高液相表观流速时有饱和趋势,对应条件下周向其他位置的液膜厚度持续增大,尤其在45°位置显著增大,下半周液膜分布趋于平缓;由底部到顶部,液膜波速和波频在周向上均呈逐渐减小趋势,与液膜厚度的分布规律一致,大幅度的扰动波主要分布在底部;底部液膜波速和波频随气相表观流速增加而增大,液相表观流速增加时,波速随之增大,但波频无明显变化,对应波长增大。     

G-LISR不同气相入口流速对流场特性的影响

为了提高气液撞击流反应器(G-LISR)的混合性能,找到合适气相入口速度的操作参数,采用ANSYS Workbench中的Geometry模块,基于欧拉·拉格朗日法建立G-LISR气液两相流动数学模型。在加速管对置距离为400mm,液相入口速度为5m/s,三种不同的气相入口速度(10,15,20m/s)条件下,用数值模拟软件Fluent分析模拟出了不同气相入口流速下反应器内流场的分布特征。模拟结果表明:随着气相入口初始流速的增大,反应器内湍流强度有所增加,在压力波动最为剧烈的撞击面中心点处,压力急剧增大。增大气相初始流速,将降低反应器中的液滴的浓度分布,减少了液相在反应器中的停留时间。从能量损耗和气液两相在反应器中的混合效果来看,气相初始流速不宜过大,10m/s为较佳。     

矩形错流移动床稠密气固两相流的实验和模拟

在实验基础上,采用欧拉双流体模型对矩形错流移动床中稠密气固两相流动进行了模拟,分析了矩形错流移动床的空腔、贴壁、两相速度、气相停留时间、压降等. 结果表明,气固两相流动受端部效应影响. 随表观气速增大,贴壁(约0.19 m/s)和空腔(约0.31 m/s)现象出现. 空腔随时间发生变化,而贴壁为渐进型,气速与空腔和贴壁的形状有关. 气速分布、空腔和贴壁使压降沿轴向呈反C形分布. 进料影响区、主体流动区和下料影响区压降比约为6:10:9. 随表观气速增大,气相停留时间减小,空腔尺寸增大,贴壁厚度先增大后不变,压降增大;而颗粒循环强度的影响不大     

鼓泡反应器中幂律型流体流动与传质特性

很多废水处理装置涉及非牛顿型流体中的多相流动和传质问题,研究其中的气液传质过程有助于实现装置的优化设计和高效节能运行。以鼓泡反应器内清水和不同质量分数的羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）水溶液为实验对象,分别研究气相表观气速和液相流变特性对气泡尺寸分布、全局气含率和体积氧传质系数的影响。实验结果表明,液相的流变特性对其传质特性参数均有较大影响。与清水相比,CMC水溶液中气泡平均直径和分布范围更大;清水和CMC水溶液的全局气含率均随表观气速的增加而增大;CMC水溶液的体积氧传质系数随CMC水溶液质量分数的增加而减小。基于实验研究,得出修正的体积氧传质系数公式和适用于幂律型非牛顿流体流动体系氧传递过程的无量纲关联式,可很好地实现非牛顿流体流动的废水处理装置中气液传质参数的计算。     

气液螺旋环状流压降特性研究

考虑旋流衰减的影响,对气液螺旋环状流的压降特性进行研究并推导出了螺旋环状流压降预测模型。定义压降旋-直比系数为气液两相螺旋环状流和气液两相直流的压降之比,以此来表征旋流衰减对压降的影响。基于量纲分析的方法对压降旋-直比系数进行分析,推导出其表达式,压降旋-直比系数依赖于Lockhart-Martinelli 参数和气相Froude数变化。最终,得出了气液两相螺旋环状流的压降预测模型。在50 mm内径的水平管内对螺旋环状流的压降特性进行了实验研究,其中气相表观流速变化范围为10~16 m/s,体积含液率（LVF）变化范围为0.6%~4.8%。通过与实验数据进行对比,压降预测模型的相对误差在±15%以内,为工程应用提供了参考。     

鼓泡反应器中幂律型流体流动与传质特性

很多废水处理装置涉及非牛顿型流体中的多相流动和传质问题,研究其中的气液传质过程有助于实现装置的优化设计和高效节能运行。以鼓泡反应器内清水和不同质量分数的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液为实验对象,分别研究气相表观气速和液相流变特性对气泡尺寸分布、全局气含率和体积氧传质系数的影响。实验结果表明,液相的流变特性对其传质特性参数均有较大影响。与清水相比,CMC水溶液中气泡平均直径和分布范围更大;清水和CMC水溶液的全局气含率均随表观气速的增加而增大;CMC水溶液的体积氧传质系数随CMC水溶液质量分数的增加而减小。基于实验研究,得出修正的体积氧传质系数公式和适用于幂律型非牛顿流体流动体系氧传递过程的无量纲关联式,可很好地实现非牛顿流体流动的废水处理装置中气液传质参数的计算。     

水平管环状流液膜厚度与波动参数分布

环状流是常见的一种气液两相流流型,基于双平行电导探针阵列传感器设计了环状流液膜动态测量系统,以水和空气为介质,进行了气相表观流速15～35 m/s、液相表观流速0.1～0.4 m/s范围内的水平管环状流周向液膜测量实验,分析了水平管环状流的液膜厚度、相界面波动参数的空间分布与发展变化规律。结果表明,水平管环状流底部液膜厚度随气相表观流速的增加而减小,随液相表观流速的增加而增大,但在高液相表观流速时有饱和趋势,对应条件下周向其他位置的液膜厚度持续增大,尤其在45°位置显著增大,下半周液膜分布趋于平缓;由底部到顶部,液膜波速和波频在周向上均呈逐渐减小趋势,与液膜厚度的分布规律一致,大幅度的扰动波主要分布在底部;底部液膜波速和波频随气相表观流速增加而增大,液相表观流速增加时,波速随之增大,但波频无明显变化,对应波长增大。     

大流量下倾斜管气液两相流实验研究

在较高的气液范围内,以水和空气为实验介质,在多相流实验平台上进行了倾斜向上的高产量气液两相流模拟实验研究。实验采用内径为40 mm、长8 m的透明有机玻璃管,并利用高速摄像仪记录实验过程中的流型。对实验流型进行分析,发现了倾斜管中低气流速下的一种新的流型-振荡冲击流,并研究了表观气、液流速和倾斜角对气液两相流动中压降的影响,建立气/液膜流动模型来分析表观气、液流速对压降梯度的影响作用,实验研究结果表明:在高气液量范围内,倾斜管中观察到的气液两相流型主要为振荡冲击流、过渡流和环状流,并且倾角对流型转变边界的影响不显著;振荡冲击流压降随气流速的增加而降低,环状流压降随气流速的增加而增加,过渡流压降梯度最小;倾斜管压降梯度随着倾斜角度的增加而增大。     

水平管内水环输送模拟稠油减阻特性

基于自主设计加工并搭建的水环输送稠油减阻模拟管路系统,采用500^#白油模拟稠油,试验研究了稠油在水环作用下的水平管流阻力特性,分析了油相表观流速（0.3～1.0m/s）、水相表观流速（0.11～0.72m/s）及入口含水率（0.13～0.49）对水润滑管流流型特征及减阻效果的影响。结果表明：环状水膜可有效隔离并润滑油壁界面,油-水两相流流型总体上呈稳定的偏心环状流结构;水环输送可大幅降低管道输送过程中的压降,其压降值仅为相同油流量下纯油输送压降的1/55～1/27;当入口含水率为0.13～0.27时,水环输送的效能显著,输油效率均高于40;油相表观流速和入口含水率的增加会增大单位管长压降,降低水环输送的减阻效果和输油效能。     

壁面润湿性对微通道内二氧化碳-水两相流流动及传质性能的影响

在1 mm×1 mm矩形截面下微通道内,以二氧化碳-水为工作流体,研究壁面润湿性和气液表观流速对气-液两相流型和气液传质的影响,并研究了气、液表观流速对弹状流流体力学性质的影响。在亲水微通道中观测到了泡状流、泡状-弹状流、弹状流;在疏水微通道中观测到了非对称弹状流、拉长的非对称弹状流、分层流。实验表明亲水微通道中弹状流区域下气泡长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而增大,随液相表观流速的增大而减小;液弹长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而减小,随液相表观流速的增大先增大后减小;液侧体积传质系数k_La均随气、液相表观流速的增大而增大,随通道壁面润湿性的增强而增大。     

Hydrodynamics and liquid phase axial mixing in orifice pipe reactor

Two phase flow in a horizontal pipe, with orifice plates placed at regular intervals as obstructions, was studied for the effect of phase velocities on flow patterns, fractional phase hold-ups, pressure drop and liquid phase axial dispersion. Radioactive technetium-99m (as an aqueous solution of sodium pertechnatate) was used as tracer. A pulse injection technique with two point measurements was employed. Three different orifice diameters were used (8 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm) in a pipe diameter of 32 mm. The orifice spacing was 500 mm in all cases. Superficial gas (air) velocity was varied over a range from 0.02 m/s to 1.0 m/s and superficial liquid (water) velocity from 0.03 m/s to 0.85 m/s. Different flow patterns under different flow conditions were identified and a generalised flow map is presented. Variations in hold-ups and pressure drop with flow patterns have been explained. Rational correlations have been developed for fractional phase hold-ups and pressure drop. A preliminary comparison of two phase gas-liquid flow in a horizontal pipe with orifice obstructions (to be called orifice pipe reactor), as a gas-liquid contacting device, is made with a conventional bubble column reactor. Recommendations have been made for future work.     

A note on pressure drop for the cross-flow of power-law liquids and air/power law liquid mixtures past a bundle of circular rods

The steady flow of non-Newtonian polymer solutions on their own and together with air transverse to a bundle of circular rods, has been studied experimentally. In particular, the frictional pressure drop has been measured as a function of non-Newtonian power-law constants, flow rates, voidage of bundles and the input fraction of air over wide ranges of conditions as: power-law flow behaviour index, 0.5 to 1; voidage values of 0.78 and 0.87-0.88; air velocity (superficial), 0.09 to 0.28 m/s and liquid velocity (superficial) 0.018 to 0.5 m/s. While the single phase flow results for power-law liquids are in excellent agreement with an existing equation, the two-phase pressure drop results are also in accordance with the form of the well-known Lockhart-Martinelli correlation. Based on these results, it is suggested that a value of 5-10 for the Reynolds number based on rod diameter marks the limit of the laminar flow in such systems.     

水平管内油气水三相流动摩擦阻力压降特性研究

对水平管内油气水三相流动的摩擦压降特性进行系统的理论和实验研究 ,建立了泡状流和环状流摩擦压力降的理论模型 ,揭示了摩擦压力降随折算气速、折算液速、油水混合物含水率及管径的变化规律。实验结果与理论计算结果相吻合。     

Trickle Bed Wetting Factors From Pressure Drop And Liquid Holdup Measurements

In this work, solid-liquid wetting factors were determined from liquid holdup and pressure drop measurements according to the model proposed by Pironti et al. for different air-liquid systems: distilled water and CMC solutions at viscosity values of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mPa.s. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric conditions in a column of 10.2 cm internal diameter and 2 m high, packed with a cylindrical material. The superficial mass velocities varied from 0.67 to 18.6 kg/m 2 s for liquid flow and from 0.024 to 0.31 kg/m 2 s for gas flow. Under these operating conditions, regime of continuous gas flow was observed. The wetting factors obtained were in agreement with those reported by other methods, which allow us to confirm that the model used in this work is applicable to fluids of different properties at low gas velocities.     

Trickle Bed Wetting Factors From Pressure Drop And Liquid Holdup Measurements

In this work, solid-liquid wetting factors were determined from liquid holdup and pressure drop measurements according to the model proposed by Pironti et al. for different air-liquid systems: distilled water and CMC solutions at viscosity values of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mPa.s. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric conditions in a column of 10.2 cm internal diameter and 2 m high, packed with a cylindrical material. The superficial mass velocities varied from 0.67 to 18.6 kg/m 2 s for liquid flow and from 0.024 to 0.31 kg/m 2 s for gas flow. Under these operating conditions, regime of continuous gas flow was observed. The wetting factors obtained were in agreement with those reported by other methods, which allow us to confirm that the model used in this work is applicable to fluids of different properties at low gas velocities.     

宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送管道压降研究

采用Barth气力输送理论,通过实验在质量流率1 550—1 700 kg/h的输送范围内,研究了宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送的压降和表观气速的关系。结果表明:随着表观气速的增加,水平管道和竖直管道的压降都是先降低后升高,但竖直段的压降变化速度比水平段变化快,水平段的经济气速(4 m/s)小于竖直段的经济气速(7 m/s)。通过计算值与实验值比较,发现理论计算值与实验值偏差在30%以内,说明基于Barth附加压降法对宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相气力输送管阻力特性的计算具有较好的适应性。     

Pressure Drop in Liquid‐liquid Two Phase Horizontal Flow: Experiment and Prediction

The present study is aimed at an investigation of the pressure drop characteristics during the simultaneous flow of a kerosene‐water mixture through a horizontal pipe of 0.025 m diameter. Measurements of pressure gradient were made for different combinations of phase superficial velocities ranging from 0.03–2 m/s such that the regimes encountered were smooth stratified, wavy stratified, three layer flow, plug flow and oil dispersed in water, and water flow patterns. A model was developed, which considered the energy minimization and pressure equalization of both phases.     

The effect of gas injection on the flow of immiscible liquids in horizontal pipes

The flow of two immiscible liquids and the influence of an additional inserted gas phase in horizontal pipes is investigated. The experiments are carried out in a transparent horizontal pipe with an inner diameter of 59 mm and a total length of 48 m. Experimental results are presented for the flow regimes of the two phase and three phase flow of oil, water and gas mixtures. The effect of phase inversion on the pressure drop is measured. The experimental results obtained for the three phase flow of oil, water and air indicate that drag reduction is possible by injecting gas in laminar flowing mixtures of oil and water. In the aerated slug flow regime of oil, water and air a water dominated and an oil dominated flow system can be distinguished. The pressure drop of the three phase flow system is of the magnitude as the pressure drop of the two phase flow of gas and the dominating liquid phase.     

错流移动床的压降特性

在矩形移动床内考察了颗粒下移速度、颗粒堆积状态及空腔生成和长大发展过程等因素对压降的影响. 在错流气体速度为0.09~1.35 m/s、颗粒下移速度为0.95~9.68 cm/min的较大变化范围内进行了实验研究. 结果表明,颗粒下移速度对压降几乎没有影响;当错流气速足够大时移动床内将出现"空腔"和"贴壁"等现象,空腔的发展过程造成压降随时间出现稳定、微波脉动和大幅波动3种变化;欧根公式适用于低错流气速时的移动床压降;高错流气速下空腔出现了"生成-长大-塌落-流化"的循环变化过程. 在实验基础上建立了有空腔时的移动床压降模型,并对空腔尺寸进行了无因次关联,其床层压降的计算结果与实验值相符.