冲裁条带最优多段排样方式的动态规划算法

讨论冲裁件无约束剪冲排样问题,用动态规划算法生成冲裁条带多段排样方式。采用一组相互平行的分割线将板材分成多个段,每段含一组方向和长度都相同的条带。通过动态规划算法确定所有可能尺寸段的最优价值以及板材中段的最优组合,使整张板材价值达到最大。实验结果表明该算法能够提高材料利用率,计算时间能满足实际应用的需要。     

矩形件简单块占角排样方式的动态规划

目的 针对矩形件无约束2维剪切排样问题,提出一种可简化板材切割工艺的简单块占角排样方式,并构造这种排样方式的动态规划生成算法。方法 该排样方式在板材左下角按照简单块方式排样若干行若干列同种矩形件,将板材剩余部分划分为两个子板;将子板按照上述方法继续递归排样和划分,直至子板排满矩形件为止。采用动态规划确定所有可能尺寸的板材左下角排样的最优矩形件、矩形件的最优行列数和板材剩余部分的最优子板划分。运用规范尺寸排除不必要的计算。结果 将本文算法与目前常见的算法进行比较,实验结果表明本文算法计算时间合理,排样价值较高。在第1组41道基准例题中,本文算法所有例题均求出了精确解,同质块T型算法、同质块两段算法和复合条带两段算法分别有7道、5道和4道例题未求出精确解。在第2组20道基准例题中,本文算法只有1道例题未求出精确解,普通三阶段算法、同质块T型算法、同质块两段算法和匀质条带三块算法分别有18道、15道、15道和20道例题未求出精确解。在第3组50道随机例题中,本文算法、普通两段算法和同质块两段算法板材利用率分别为99.913 7%、99.862 3%和99.796 1%。在第4组31道基准例题中,本文算法所有例题均求出了精确解,普通占角排样算法有2道例题未求出精确解。结论 本文算法计算时间远小于精确算法,优化效果接近精确算法;本文算法计算时间与多种启发式算法接近,但优化效果好于多种启发式算法。     

生成冲裁条带四块排样方式的最优算法

提出一个生成冲裁条带四块布局方式的最优算法,用于解决冲裁件无约束排样问题。该算法用三条剪切线把板材划分成四个块,每个块里面只包含方向和长度都相同的冲裁条带。首先生成所有可能长度的冲裁条带,然后求解背包问题生成冲裁条带在块里面的最优布局,最后通过枚举三条剪切线位置得到不同的四块组合,选择使排样价值最大的四块组合生成最优的四块排样方式。实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以提高材料利用率,而且计算时间合理。     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的不规则多边形排样

将遗传授拟退火算法应用于计算机辅助排样领域，设计了一种基于遗传模拟退火技术的启发式排样算法．该算法能够处理不规则多边形的排样问题；同时，给出一种对象的几何表达方式，可以忽略高度不规则形状带来的复杂性影响．该算法通过基于遗传模拟退火算法的全局优化概率搜索，寻找排样件在排样时的最优次序及各自的旋转角度，然后采用基于左下角(BL)策略的启发式排样算法实现自动排样．     

基于梯形和平行四边形的圆片剪冲下料算法设计与实现

提出一种在矩形板材上引入梯形条带来进行排样的方法,首先用两条平行的分界 线将板材分为两个大小一致的直角梯形段和一个平行四边形段,分别采用递归算法和动态规划 算法确定梯形段和平行四边形段中条带的最优组合,从而确定最优排样方式;再结合线性规划 算法解决圆片下料问题,使得整个下料方案的材料利用率最大化。最后采用大量随机生成的例 题进行实验,实验结果表明该算法能有效提高材料利用率。     

基于价值修正的圆片下料顺序启发式算法

讨论圆片剪冲下料方案的设计问题。下料方案由一组排样方式组成。首先构造一种生成圆片条带最优四块排样方式的背包算法,然后采用基于价值修正的顺序启发式算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次都根据生产成本最小的原则改善目标函数并修正各种圆片的当前价值,按照当前价值生成一个新的排样方式,最后选择最优的一组排样方式组成下料方案。采用文献中的基准测题将文中下料算法与文献中T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别进行比较。实验计算结果表明,该算法的材料利用率比T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别高0.83%和3.63%,且计算时间在实际应用中合理。     

简化同尺寸矩形毛坯排样方式的动态规划算法

同尺寸矩形毛坯排样方式的最优性包括毛坯数量最优性和切割工艺最优性。前者是指排样方式中所含毛坯数最大;后者是指在所有实现毛坯数量最优性的排样方式中,切割工艺最为简单。采用条带数衡量排样方式的复杂性,用动态规划算法生成条带数最少的最优排样方式。实验计算结果表明,所述算法能够明显简化下料工艺,对指导生产实践具有较重要的意义。     

改进的矩形毛坯三块排样方式及其算法

致力于改进矩形毛坯三块排样方式的生成算法,采用三种策略缩小解的搜索范围,并将该算法与线性规划相结合形成排样方案生成算法,用于求解大规模矩形毛坯排样问题.通过实验证明,与二阶段、T形、两段、三阶段排样算法相比,排样方案生成算法生成的排样方案虽然板材利用率稍低,但排样方案简单,能够简化切割工艺.     

双排多段排样方式及其生成算法

为解决大规模矩形毛坯无约束的二维剪切排样问题,提出双排多段排样方式及其 生成算法。排样时采用一条剪切线将板材切分为两段,用一组剪切线将每段切分成一系列的块, 每个块由一组水平方向的同质条带构成。采用枚举法确定两段分界线的最优位置,通过求解背 包模型确定所有可能尺寸的块的最大价值和块在段中的最优布局。利用文献中的2 组基准测题 对所述算法进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法能在合理的计算时间内取得较好的优化结果。     

生成矩形毛坯最优两段排样方式的确定型算法

排样价值、切割工艺和计算时间是排样问题主要考虑的3个因素.文中提出一个新的基于排样模式的确定型排样算法——同质块两段排样算法,此算法适合剪冲下料工艺,在实现工艺简化的同时提高了排样价值时间比.首先通过动态规划算法生成最优同质块,然后求解一维背包问题生成块在级中的最优排样方式和级在段中的最优排样方式,最后选择两个段生成最优的两段排样方式.通过3组经典测题对该文算法进行了测试,将算法与4种著名算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该文算法的优化结果好于以上4种著名算法,有效地提高了板材利用率,并且计算时间合理.     

An exact algorithm for generating homogenous T-shape cutting patterns

Both the material usage and the complexity of the cutting process should be considered in generating cutting patterns. This paper presents an exact algorithm for constrained two-dimensional guillotine-cutting problems of rectangles. It uses homogenous T-shape patterns to simplify the cutting process. Only homogenous strips are allowed, each of which contains rectangular blanks of the same size and direction. The sheet is divided into two segments. Each segment consists of strips of the same length and direction. The strip directions of the two segments are perpendicular to each other. The algorithm is based on branch and bound procedure combined with dynamic programming techniques. It is a bottom-up tree-search approach that searches the solution tree from the branches to the root. Tighter bounds are established to shorten the searching space. The computational results indicate that the algorithm is efficient both in computation time and in material usage.     

Heuristic for constrained T-shape cutting patterns of rectangular pieces

T-shape patterns are often used in dividing stock plates into rectangular pieces, because they make good balance between plate cost and cutting complexity. A dividing cut separates the plate into two segments, each of which contains parallel strips, and the strip orientations of the two segments are perpendicular to each other. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for constrained T-shape patterns, where the optimization objective is to maximize the pattern value, and the frequency of each piece type does not exceed the demand. The algorithm considers many dividing-cut positions, determines the pattern value associated to each position using a layout-generation procedure, and selects the one with the maximum pattern value as the solution. Pseudo upper bounds are used to skip some non-promising positions. The computational results show that the algorithm is fast and able to get solutions better than those of the optimal two-staged patterns in terms of material utilization.     

Strips minimization in two-dimensional cutting stock of circular items

Circular items are often produced from stock plates using the cutting and stamping process that consists of two stages. A guillotine machine divides the plate into strips at the cutting stage, and then a press punches out the items from the strips at the stamping stage. The cutting cost at the first stage often increases with the number of strips in the cutting plan. An approach is presented for the two-dimensional cutting stock problem of the strips at the cutting stage. The objective is to minimize the sum of the material and the cutting costs. The approach formulates the problem as an integer linear programming, and uses a column generation method for generating the cutting patterns. The cutting patterns have the feature that each cut on the plate produces just one strip. The computational results indicate that the approach can greatly reduce the number of strips in the cutting plan.     

二维剪切排样的束搜索启发式算法

针对约束二维矩形剪切排样问题,提出了一种基于束搜索的三阶段剪切排样算法。其切割过程包括三个阶段：板材剪切成段,段剪切成条带,条带切割成准确尺寸毛坯。采用动态规划确定段的价值,复杂度低的拼接递推不同长度子板的初始价值和板材的初始可行解,束搜索优化板材的排样方式。束搜索的节点用矩形对表示,分别是段组合而成的局部方式和未填充的剩余子板。以局部方式价值与剩余子板的初始价值之和作为节点的估计值。按估计值选择精英节点继续分支,其他节点直接删除不再回溯。实验结果表明该算法可缩短三阶段同质排样的计算时间,且所获得的余料大,利于余料的回收管理和再利用。     

基于3块方式的圆形片剪冲排样算法

采用2条相互垂直的分割线将板材分割成3块子板材,每块子板材包括一组方向和长度都相同的条带。用动态规划算法确定子板材中条带的最优布局,用枚举法确定2条分割线的位置,使整张板材价值达到最大。实验结果表明,该算法能够提高材料利用率,计算时间满足实际应用的需要。     

Sequential optimization approach for nesting and cutting sequence in laser cutting

The economy of the laser cutting process depends on two productivity issues: (i) nesting, a classic problem of finding the most efficient layout for cutting parts with minimum material waste; (ii) cutting sequence, which targets the optimal sequence of edges of the parts to be cut for minimum cycle time. This paper presents a two stage sequential optimization procedure for nesting and cutting sequence for the objectives of maximizing material utilization and minimization of ideal (non-cut) travel distance of laser cut tool. However, the focus of this paper is the development of solution technique for optimal cutting sequence to any given layout. Simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is considered to evolve the optimal cutting sequence. The proposed SAA is illustrated with the optimal material utilization layout obtained using sheet cutting suite software, a professional rectangular nesting software package. The robust test carried out with five typical problems shows that the SAA proposed for cutting sequence is capable of providing near optimal solutions. The performance comparison with two literature problems reveals that the proposed SAA is able to give improved result than GA and ACO algorithms.